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Rudnick W, Conly J, Thirion DJG, Choi K, Pelude L, Cayen J, Bautista J, Beique L, Comeau JL, Dalton B, Delport J, Dhami R, Embree J, Émond Y, Evans G, Frenette C, Fryters S, Happe J, Katz K, Kibsey P, Langley JM, Lee BE, Lefebvre MA, Leis JA, McGeer A, McKenna S, Neville HL, Slayter K, Suh KN, Tse-Chang A, Weiss K, Science M. Antimicrobial use among paediatric inpatients at hospital sites within the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, 2017/2018. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:35. [PMID: 37072874 PMCID: PMC10111695 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance threatens the ability to successfully prevent and treat infections. While hospital benchmarks regarding antimicrobial use (AMU) have been well documented among adult populations, there is less information from among paediatric inpatients. This study presents benchmark rates of antimicrobial use (AMU) for paediatric inpatients in nine Canadian acute-care hospitals. METHODS Acute-care hospitals participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program submitted annual AMU data from paediatric inpatients from 2017 and 2018. All systemic antimicrobials were included. Data were available for neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), pediatric ICUs (PICUs), and non-ICU wards. Data were analyzed using days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient days (DOT/1000pd). RESULTS Nine hospitals provided paediatric AMU data. Data from seven NICU and PICU wards were included. Overall AMU was 481 (95% CI 409-554) DOT/1000pd. There was high variability in AMU between hospitals. AMU was higher on PICU wards (784 DOT/1000pd) than on non-ICU (494 DOT/1000pd) or NICU wards (333 DOT/1000pd). On non-ICU wards, the antimicrobials with the highest use were cefazolin (66 DOT/1000pd), ceftriaxone (59 DOT/1000pd) and piperacillin-tazobactam (48 DOT/1000pd). On PICU wards, the antimicrobials with the highest use were ceftriaxone (115 DOT/1000pd), piperacillin-tazobactam (115 DOT/1000pd), and cefazolin (111 DOT/1000pd). On NICU wards, the antimicrobials with the highest use were ampicillin (102 DOT/1000pd), gentamicin/tobramycin (78 DOT/1000pd), and cefotaxime (38 DOT/1000pd). CONCLUSIONS This study represents the largest collection of antimicrobial use data among hospitalized paediatric inpatients in Canada to date. In 2017/2018, overall AMU was 481 DOT/1000pd. National surveillance of AMU among paediatric inpatients is necessary for establishing benchmarks and informing antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallis Rudnick
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON, K2E 7L9, Canada
| | - John Conly
- University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Foothills Medical Centre, Alberta Health Services, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Daniel J G Thirion
- Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kelly Choi
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON, K2E 7L9, Canada
| | - Linda Pelude
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON, K2E 7L9, Canada
| | - Joelle Cayen
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON, K2E 7L9, Canada
| | - John Bautista
- Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre, 50 Union, Grand Falls-Windsor, NL, A2A 2E1, Canada
| | - Lizanne Beique
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON, K2E 7L9, Canada
| | | | - Bruce Dalton
- Alberta Health Services, 1620 29 St NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4L7, Canada
| | - Johan Delport
- London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Rita Dhami
- London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Joanne Embree
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Children's Hospital Winnipeg, 840 Sherbrook St, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0Z3, Canada
| | - Yannick Émond
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Gerald Evans
- Kingston Health Sciences Centre, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Charles Frenette
- McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Susan Fryters
- Alberta Health Services, 10240 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5H 3V9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Happe
- Infection Prevention and Control Canada, Red Deer, AB, T4N 6R2, Canada
| | - Kevin Katz
- North York General Hospital, 4001 Leslie St, North York, ON, M2K 1E1, Canada
| | - Pamela Kibsey
- Royal Jubilee Hospital, 1952 Bay St, Victoria, BC, V8R 1J8, Canada
| | - Joanne M Langley
- IWK Health Centre, 5980 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada
- Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Bonita E Lee
- Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Marie-Astrid Lefebvre
- McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jerome A Leis
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Allison McGeer
- Sinai Health System, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
- University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Susan McKenna
- Kingston Health Sciences Centre, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Heather L Neville
- Nova Scotia Health, 1276 South Park St, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Kathryn Slayter
- IWK Health Centre, 5980 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Kathryn N Suh
- The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Alena Tse-Chang
- Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Karl Weiss
- SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
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Rudnick W, Science M, Thirion DJG, Abdesselam K, Choi KB, Pelude L, Amaratunga K, Comeau JL, Dalton B, Delport J, Dhami R, Embree J, Émond Y, Evans G, Frenette C, Fryters S, German G, Grant JM, Happe J, Katz K, Kibsey P, Kosar J, Langley JM, Lee BE, Lefebvre MA, Leis JA, McGeer A, Neville HL, Simor A, Slayter K, Suh KN, Tse-Chang A, Weiss K, Conly J. Antimicrobial use among adult inpatients at hospital sites within the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program: 2009 to 2016. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:32. [PMID: 32054539 PMCID: PMC7020554 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-0684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat to the world's ability to prevent and treat infections. Links between quantitative antibiotic use and the emergence of bacterial resistance are well documented. This study presents benchmark antimicrobial use (AMU) rates for inpatient adult populations in acute-care hospitals across Canada. METHODS In this retrospective surveillance study, acute-care adult hospitals participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP) submitted annual AMU data on all systemic antimicrobials from 2009 to 2016. Information specific to intensive care units (ICUs) and non-ICU wards were available for 2014-2016. Data were analyzed using defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 patient days (DDD/1000pd). RESULTS Between 2009 and 2016, 16-18 CNISP adult hospitals participated each year and provided their AMU data (22 hospitals participated in ≥1 year of surveillance; 11 in all years). From 2009 to 2016, there was a significant reduction in use (12%) (from 654 to 573 DDD/1000pd, p = 0.03). Fluoroquinolones accounted for the majority of this decrease (47% reduction in combined oral and intravenous use, from 129 to 68 DDD/1000pd, p < 0.002). The top five antimicrobials used in 2016 were cefazolin (78 DDD/1000pd), piperacillin-tazobactam (53 DDD/1000pd), ceftriaxone (49 DDD/1000pd), vancomycin (combined oral and intravenous use was 44 DDD/1000pd; 7% of vancomycin use was oral), and ciprofloxacin (combined oral and intravenous use: 42 DDD/1000pd). Among the top 10 antimicrobials used in 2016, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole use decreased significantly between 2009 and 2016 by 46% (p = 0.002) and 26% (p = 0.002) respectively. Ceftriaxone (85% increase, p = 0.0008) and oral amoxicillin-clavulanate (140% increase, p < 0.0001) use increased significantly but contributed only a small component (8.6 and 5.0%, respectively) of overall use. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the largest collection of dispensed antimicrobial use data among inpatients in Canada to date. Between 2009 and 2016, there was a significant 12% decrease in AMU, driven primarily by a 47% decrease in fluoroquinolone use. Modest absolute increases in parenteral ceftriaxone and oral amoxicillin-clavulanate use were noted but contributed a small amount of total AMU. Ongoing national surveillance is crucial for establishing benchmarks and antimicrobial stewardship guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallis Rudnick
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K2E 7L9 Canada
| | | | - Daniel J. G. Thirion
- Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Kahina Abdesselam
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K2E 7L9 Canada
| | - Kelly B. Choi
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K2E 7L9 Canada
| | - Linda Pelude
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K2E 7L9 Canada
| | - Kanchana Amaratunga
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K2E 7L9 Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Jeannette L. Comeau
- IWK Health Centre, 5980 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8 Canada
- Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Bruce Dalton
- Alberta Health Services, 1620 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4L7 Canada
| | - Johan Delport
- London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
| | - Rita Dhami
- London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Joanne Embree
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
- Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
- Children’s Hospital Winnipeg, 840 Sherbrook St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3 Canada
| | - Yannick Émond
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4 Canada
| | - Gerald Evans
- Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7 Canada
| | - Charles Frenette
- McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Susan Fryters
- Alberta Health Services, 10240 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9 Canada
| | - Greg German
- Health PEI, 16 Garfield St, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 6A5 Canada
| | - Jennifer M. Grant
- University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Jennifer Happe
- Infection Prevention and Control Canada, Red Deer, AB T4N 6R2 Canada
| | - Kevin Katz
- North York General Hospital, 4001 Leslie St, North York, ON M2K 1E1 Canada
| | - Pamela Kibsey
- Royal Jubilee Hospital, 1952 Bay St, Victoria, BC V8R 1J8 Canada
| | - Justin Kosar
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - Joanne M. Langley
- IWK Health Centre, 5980 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8 Canada
- Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Bonita E. Lee
- Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7 Canada
| | - Marie-Astrid Lefebvre
- McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Jerome A. Leis
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Allison McGeer
- Sinai Health System, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
- University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7 Canada
| | - Heather L. Neville
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, 1276 South Park St, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9 Canada
| | - Andrew Simor
- University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2015 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Kathryn Slayter
- IWK Health Centre, 5980 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8 Canada
| | - Kathryn N. Suh
- The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Alena Tse-Chang
- Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7 Canada
| | - Karl Weiss
- SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2 Canada
| | - John Conly
- Alberta Health Services, 1620 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4L7 Canada
- University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K2E 7L9 Canada
- SickKids, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
- IWK Health Centre, 5980 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8 Canada
- Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
- Alberta Health Services, 1620 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4L7 Canada
- London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7 Canada
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
- Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
- Children’s Hospital Winnipeg, 840 Sherbrook St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3 Canada
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4 Canada
- Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7 Canada
- Alberta Health Services, 10240 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9 Canada
- Health PEI, 16 Garfield St, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 6A5 Canada
- University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control Canada, Red Deer, AB T4N 6R2 Canada
- North York General Hospital, 4001 Leslie St, North York, ON M2K 1E1 Canada
- Royal Jubilee Hospital, 1952 Bay St, Victoria, BC V8R 1J8 Canada
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
- Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7 Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
- Sinai Health System, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
- University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7 Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, 1276 South Park St, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9 Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2015 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
- SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2 Canada
- University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
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Rennert-May E, Chew DS, Conly J, Guirguis M, Slobodan J, Fryters S, Bresee L. Clinical practice guidelines for creating an acute care hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship program: A systematic review. Am J Infect Control 2019; 47:979-993. [PMID: 30904370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are dedicated to improving antimicrobial use. Although clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are available for the development of ASPs, it is unclear what the quality of these guidelines are. We therefore systematically reviewed published CPGs for the development of acute care hospital-based ASPs. METHODS Primary literature, CPG and health technology assessment databases, and infectious diseases society websites were searched. Abstract and full-text review of the search results for inclusion were performed independently by 2 assessors. Overall quality of included CPGs was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. RESULTS We identified 1,064 unique publications; 18 warranted full-text review. Five publications were included in the final review. The National Institute for Care and Excellence from the United Kingdom, the Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America/Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America from the United States all had high quality guidelines on the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II scale. DISCUSSION We identified 5 CPGs for creating a hospital-based ASP. Prior authorization and/or restriction policies that appeared in all 5 guidelines should be considered essential for the development of an effective hospital-based ASP. CONCLUSIONS High quality CPGs are available for implementation of ASPs in acute care hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Rennert-May
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Derek S Chew
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Conly
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Bresee
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ontario, Canada
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