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Capano LS, Sato C, Ficulle E, Yu A, Horie K, Kwon JS, Burbach KF, Barthélemy NR, Fox SG, Karch CM, Bateman RJ, Houlden H, Morimoto RI, Holtzman DM, Duff KE, Yoo AS. Recapitulation of endogenous 4R tau expression and formation of insoluble tau in directly reprogrammed human neurons. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:918-932.e8. [PMID: 35659876 PMCID: PMC9176216 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-binding protein expressed in neurons, and the equal ratios between 4-repeat (4R) and 3-repeat (3R) isoforms are maintained in normal adult brain function. Dysregulation of 3R:4R ratio causes tauopathy, and human neurons that recapitulate tau isoforms in health and disease will provide a platform for elucidating pathogenic processes involving tau pathology. We carried out extensive characterizations of tau isoforms expressed in human neurons derived by microRNA-induced neuronal reprogramming of adult fibroblasts. Transcript and protein analyses showed that miR neurons expressed all six isoforms with the 3R:4R isoform ratio equivalent to that detected in human adult brains. Also, miR neurons derived from familial tauopathy patients with a 3R:4R ratio altering mutation showed increased 4R tau and the formation of insoluble tau with seeding activity. Our results collectively demonstrate the utility of miRNA-induced neuronal reprogramming to recapitulate endogenous tau regulation comparable with the adult brain in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia S Capano
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elena Ficulle
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anan Yu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kanta Horie
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ji-Sun Kwon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kyle F Burbach
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Program in Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicolas R Barthélemy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan G Fox
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight ADRC, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight ADRC, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight ADRC, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen E Duff
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Andrew S Yoo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight ADRC, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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2
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Yu A, Fox SG, Cavallini A, Kerridge C, O'Neill MJ, Wolak J, Bose S, Morimoto RI. Tau protein aggregates inhibit the protein-folding and vesicular trafficking arms of the cellular proteostasis network. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7917-7930. [PMID: 30936201 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a diverse class of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the formation of insoluble tau aggregates and the loss of cellular function and neuronal death. Tau inclusions have been shown to contain a number of proteins, including molecular chaperones, but the consequences of these entrapments are not well established. Here, using a human cell system for seeding-dependent tau aggregation, we demonstrate that the molecular chaperones heat-shock cognate 71-kDa protein (HSC70)/heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), HSP90, and J-domain co-chaperones are sequestered by tau aggregates. By employing single-cell analysis of protein-folding and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, we show that both chaperone-dependent cellular activities are significantly impaired by tau aggregation and can be reversed by treatment with small-molecule regulators of heat-shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) proteostasis that induce the expression of cytosolic chaperones. These results reveal that the sequestration of cytoplasmic molecular chaperones by tau aggregates interferes with two arms of the proteostasis network, likely having profound negative consequences for cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Yu
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 and
| | - Susan G Fox
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 and
| | - Annalisa Cavallini
- the Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Kerridge
- the Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J O'Neill
- the Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Wolak
- the Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Suchira Bose
- the Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 and
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Zhang Y, Zhao KT, Fox SG, Kim J, Kirsch DR, Ferrante RJ, Morimoto RI, Silverman RB. Tertiary Amine Pyrazolones and Their Salts as Inhibitors of Mutant Superoxide Dismutase 1-Dependent Protein Aggregation for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5942-9. [PMID: 26186011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazolone derivatives have previously been found to be inhibitors of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-dependent protein aggregation, which extended survival of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse model. On the basis of ADME analysis, we describe herein a new series of tertiary amine-containing pyrazolones and their structure-activity relationships. Further conversion to the conjugate salts greatly improved their solubility. Phosphate compound 17 exhibited numerous benefits both to cellular activity and to CNS-related drug-like properties in vitro and in vivo, including microsomal stability, tolerated toxicity, and blood-brain barrier permeation. These results indicate that tertiary amine pyrazolones comprise a valuable class of ALS drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhang
- †Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Kevin Tianmeng Zhao
- †Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Susan G Fox
- ‡Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500, United States
| | - Jinho Kim
- §Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Neurobiology Departments, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,∥Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (00-GR-H), V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, 7180 Highland Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States
| | - Donald R Kirsch
- ⊥Cambria Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert J Ferrante
- §Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Neurobiology Departments, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,∥Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (00-GR-H), V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, 7180 Highland Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- ‡Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500, United States
| | - Richard B Silverman
- †Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Trippier PC, Zhao KT, Fox SG, Schiefer IT, Benmohamed R, Moran J, Kirsch DR, Morimoto RI, Silverman RB. Proteasome activation is a mechanism for pyrazolone small molecules displaying therapeutic potential in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:823-9. [PMID: 25001311 PMCID: PMC4176317 DOI: 10.1021/cn500147v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
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Amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and ultimately
fatal neurodegenerative disease. Pyrazolone containing small molecules
have shown significant disease attenuating efficacy in cellular and
murine models of ALS. Pyrazolone based affinity probes were synthesized
to identify high affinity binding partners and ascertain a potential
biological mode of action. Probes were confirmed to be neuroprotective
in PC12-SOD1G93A cells. PC12-SOD1G93A cell lysates
were used for protein pull-down, affinity purification, and subsequent
proteomic analysis using LC-MS/MS. Proteomics identified the 26S proteasome
regulatory subunit 4 (PSMC1), 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B
(PSMC4), and T-complex protein 1 (TCP-1) as putative protein targets.
Coincubation with appropriate competitors confirmed the authenticity
of the proteomics results. Activation of the proteasome by pyrazolones
was demonstrated in the absence of exogenous proteasome inhibitor
and by restoration of cellular protein degradation of a fluorogenic
proteasome substrate in PC12-SOD1G93A cells. Importantly,
supplementary studies indicated that these molecules do not induce
a heat shock response. We propose that pyrazolones represent a rare
class of molecules that enhance proteasomal activation in the absence
of a heat shock response and may have therapeutic potential in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Radhia Benmohamed
- Cambria Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Donald R. Kirsch
- Cambria Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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Abstract
Vertebrate cells express a family of heat shock transcription factors (HSF1 to HSF4) that coordinate the inducible regulation of heat shock genes in response to diverse signals. HSF1 is potent and activated rapidly though transiently by heat shock, whereas HSF2 is a less active transcriptional regulator but can retain its DNA binding properties for extended periods. Consequently, the differential activation of HSF1 and HSF2 by various stresses may be critical for cells to survive repeated and diverse stress challenges and to provide a mechanism for more precise regulation of heat shock gene expression. Here we show, using a novel DNA binding and detection assay, that HSF1 and HSF2 are coactivated to different levels in response to a range of conditions that cause cell stress. Above a low basal activity of both HSFs, heat shock preferentially activates HSF1, whereas the amino acid analogue azetidine or the proteasome inhibitor MG132 coactivates both HSFs to different levels and hemin preferentially induces HSF2. Unexpectedly, we also found that heat shock has dramatic adverse effects on HSF2 that lead to its reversible inactivation coincident with relocalization from the nucleus. The reversible inactivation of HSF2 is specific to heat shock and does not occur with other stressors or in cells expressing high levels of heat shock proteins. These results reveal that HSF2 activity is negatively regulated by heat and suggest a role for heat shock proteins in the positive regulation of HSF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mathew
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Savopoulos JW, Hibbs M, Jones EJ, Mensah L, Richardson C, Fosberry A, Downes R, Fox SG, Brown JR, Jenkins O. Identification, cloning, and expression of a functional phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (pheRS) from Staphylococcus aureus. Protein Expr Purif 2001; 21:470-84. [PMID: 11281723 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2001.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (pheRS) is unique among aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in that it is a heterotetrameric enzyme composed of two alpha-subunits and two larger beta-subunits. In prokaryotes, the alpha- and beta-subunits of pheRS are encoded by the genes pheS and pheT, respectively. In this report we describe the isolation of a DNA fragment (3.52 kb) containing the pheS and pheT genes from a Staphylococcus aureus (WCUH29) genomic DNA library. Both genes, found as a part of transcriptional operon, were predicted to encode polypeptides which showed strong primary and structural similarity to prokaryotic phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha- and beta- subunits. We describe the high-level overexpression and purification of recombinant S. aureus pheRS using pheS and pheT genes as part of an artificial operon in Escherichia coli. For comparative analysis we also report a procedure for the purification of native pheRS from S. aureus (Oxford Strain) and demonstrate that Michaelis-Menten parameters for both recombinant and native enzyme, at least for phenylalanine tRNA aminoacylation are comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Savopoulos
- GlaxoSmithkline Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Coldharbour Road, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AD, United Kingdom
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Satyal SH, Chen D, Fox SG, Kramer JM, Morimoto RI. Negative regulation of the heat shock transcriptional response by HSBP1. Genes Dev 1998; 12:1962-74. [PMID: 9649501 PMCID: PMC316975 DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.13.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/1998] [Accepted: 04/28/1998] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to stress, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) acquires rapid DNA binding and transient transcriptional activity while undergoing conformational transition from an inert non-DNA-binding monomer to active functional trimers. Attenuation of the inducible transcriptional response occurs during heat shock or upon recovery at non-stress conditions and involves dissociation of the HSF1 trimer and loss of activity. We have used the hydrophobic repeats of the HSF1 trimerization domain in the yeast two-hybrid protein interaction assay to identify heat shock factor binding protein 1 (HSBP1), a novel, conserved, 76-amino-acid protein that contains two extended arrays of hydrophobic repeats that interact with the HSF1 heptad repeats. HSBP1 is nuclear-localized and interacts in vivo with the active trimeric state of HSF1 that appears during heat shock. During attenuation of HSF1 to the inert monomer, HSBP1 associates with Hsp70. HSBP1 negatively affects HSF1 DNA-binding activity, and overexpression of HSBP1 in mammalian cells represses the transactivation activity of HSF1. To establish a biological role for HSBP1, the homologous Caenorhabditis elegans protein was overexpressed in body wall muscle cells and was shown to block activation of the heat shock response from a heat shock promoter-reporter construct. Alteration in the level of HSBP1 expression in C. elegans has severe effects on survival of the animals after thermal and chemical stress, consistent with a role for HSBP1 as a negative regulator of the heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Satyal
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 USA
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Abstract
Undergraduate men and women ( n = 172) initially indicated their preferences for behavioral or psychoanalytic therapy. Participants then read a case description of either test anxiety or paranoid schizophrenia followed by a behavioral or psychoanalytic treatment rationale tailored to the problem. They rated the credibility of the treatment rationale and then once again indicated their preference so that changes in preferences could be assessed. Behavioral treatment rationales received significantly higher credibility ratings than psychoanalytic rationales. Behavioral rationales were seen as significantly more credible than psychoanalytic rationales for test anxiety, and the two rationales received similar credibility ratings for paranoid schizophrenia. Rationales significantly affected therapeutic preferences. Women were more internally oriented, gave higher credibility ratings, and were more willing to consider seeking psychological help than men. The modifiability of therapeutic preferences is discussed.
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Abstract
Investigated Ss' (N = 175) perceptions of a therapist and of the therapeutic relationship after the therapist's disclosure that he was once a client in therapy. The effect of information that indicated the reason he sought therapy also was examined. Additionally, the relationship of Ss' attitudes toward seeking professional help to their perceptions of the therapist was assessed. Results indicated that Ss evaluated the therapist primarily on the basis of his interactions with the client--the disclosing therapist consistently was seen as having more favorable personal and therapeutic abilities and as more facilitative of the therapeutic relationship than was the nondisclosing therapist.
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Bornstein PH, Hickey JS, Schulein MJ, Fox SG, Scolatti MJ. Behavioural-communications treatment of marital interaction: negative behaviours. Br J Clin Psychol 1983; 22 Pt 1:41-8. [PMID: 6831076 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation assessed the effectiveness of a behavioural-communications marital intervention package focused solely upon negative behaviours. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated via two independent, within-subject multiple base-line designs. Four target behaviours, selected on the basis of clinical and laboratory assessment, were sequentially and cumulatively introduced over the course of an eight-week treatment programme. Multimodal assessment techniques included self-report, spouse-report, and direct observations of laboratory-based interactions. While slight differences occurred between measurement systems, all results attested to the efficacy of the therapeutic package. One-year follow-up data continued to indicate maintenance of treatment gains over time. These findings were discussed with regard to decelerative targets of intervention, and recommendations were made for continued investigations in the area.
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