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Leiter O, Bernas SN, Seidemann S, Overall RW, Horenburg C, Kowal S, Kempermann G, Walker TL. The systemic exercise-released chemokine lymphotactin/XCL1 modulates in vitro adult hippocampal precursor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11831. [PMID: 31413355 PMCID: PMC6694144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has well-established anti-inflammatory effects, with neuro-immunological crosstalk being proposed as a mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on brain health. Here, we used physical exercise, a strong positive modulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as a model to identify immune molecules that are secreted into the blood stream, which could potentially mediate this process. Proteomic profiling of mouse plasma showed that levels of the chemokine lymphotactin (XCL1) were elevated after four days of running. We found that XCL1 treatment of primary cells isolated from both the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the adult mice led to an increase in the number of neurospheres and neuronal differentiation in neurospheres derived from the dentate gyrus. In contrast, primary dentate gyrus cells isolated from XCL1 knockout mice formed fewer neurospheres and exhibited a reduced neuronal differentiation potential. XCL1 supplementation in a dentate gyrus-derived neural precursor cell line promoted neuronal differentiation and resulted in lower cell motility and a reduced number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. This work suggests an additional function of the chemokine XCL1 in the brain and underpins the complexity of neuro-immune interactions that contribute to the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Leiter
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Stefanie N Bernas
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Suse Seidemann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert W Overall
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cindy Horenburg
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susann Kowal
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tara L Walker
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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Leiter O, Seidemann S, Overall RW, Ramasz B, Rund N, Schallenberg S, Grinenko T, Wielockx B, Kempermann G, Walker TL. Exercise-Induced Activated Platelets Increase Adult Hippocampal Precursor Proliferation and Promote Neuronal Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:667-679. [PMID: 30905740 PMCID: PMC6450435 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a strong positive physiological modulator of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Although the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unknown, systemic processes must be involved. Here we show that platelets are activated after acute periods of running, and that activated platelets promote neurogenesis, an effect that is likely mediated by platelet factor 4. Ex vivo, the beneficial effects of activated platelets and platelet factor 4 on neural precursor cells were dentate gyrus specific and not observed in the subventricular zone. Moreover, the depletion of circulating platelets in mice abolished the running-induced increase in precursor cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus following exercise. These findings demonstrate that platelets and their released factors can modulate adult neural precursor cells under physiological conditions and provide an intriguing link between running-induced platelet activation and the modulation of neurogenesis after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Leiter
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Suse Seidemann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert W Overall
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Beáta Ramasz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Rund
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sonja Schallenberg
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatyana Grinenko
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tara L Walker
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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