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Thompson HL, Shen W, Matus R, Kakkar M, Jones C, Dolan D, Grellscheid S, Yang X, Zhang N, Mozaffari-Jovin S, Chen C, Zhang X, Topping JF, Lindsey K. MERISTEM-DEFECTIVE / DEFECTIVELY ORGANIZED TRIBUTARIES2 regulates the balance between stemness and differentiation in the root meristem through RNA splicing control. Development 2023; 150:306246. [PMID: 36971700 PMCID: PMC10112893 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to environmental stresses through controlled stem cell maintenance and meristem activity. One level of gene regulation is RNA alternative splicing. However the mechanistic link between stress, meristem function and RNA splicing is poorly understood. The MERISTEM-DEFECTIVE (MDF)/DEFECTIVELY ORGANIZED TRIBUTARIES (DOT2) gene of Arabidopsis encodes a SR-related family protein, required for meristem function and leaf vascularization, and is the likely orthologue of the human hSART1 and yeast Snu66 splicing factors. MDF is required for the correct splicing and expression of key transcripts associated with root meristem function. We identified RSZ33 and ACC1, both known to regulate cell patterning, as splicing targets required for MDF function in the meristem. MDF expression is modulated by osmotic and cold stress, associated with differential splicing and specific isoform accumulation and shuttling between nucleus and cytosol, and acts in part via a splicing target SR34. We propose a model in which MDF controls splicing in the root meristem to promote stemness and repress stress response, cell differentiation and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Thompson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Weiran Shen
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Rodrigo Matus
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Medhavi Kakkar
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Carl Jones
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David Dolan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Chunli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Lagnado A, Leslie J, Ruchaud‐Sparagano M, Victorelli S, Hirsova P, Ogrodnik M, Collins AL, Vizioli MG, Habiballa L, Saretzki G, Evans SA, Salmonowicz H, Hruby A, Geh D, Pavelko KD, Dolan D, Reeves HL, Grellscheid S, Wilson CH, Pandanaboyana S, Doolittle M, von Zglinicki T, Oakley F, Gallage S, Wilson CL, Birch J, Carroll B, Chapman J, Heikenwalder M, Neretti N, Khosla S, Masuda CA, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Jurk D, Mann DA, Passos JF. Neutrophils induce paracrine telomere dysfunction and senescence in ROS-dependent manner. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106048. [PMID: 33764576 PMCID: PMC8090854 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest as well as a pro-inflammatory phenotype, thought to contribute to aging and age-related diseases. Neutrophils have essential roles in inflammatory responses; however, in certain contexts their abundance is associated with a number of age-related diseases, including liver disease. The relationship between neutrophils and cellular senescence is not well understood. Here, we show that telomeres in non-immune cells are highly susceptible to oxidative damage caused by neighboring neutrophils. Neutrophils cause telomere dysfunction both in vitro and ex vivo in a ROS-dependent manner. In a mouse model of acute liver injury, depletion of neutrophils reduces telomere dysfunction and senescence. Finally, we show that senescent cells mediate the recruitment of neutrophils to the aged liver and propose that this may be a mechanism by which senescence spreads to surrounding cells. Our results suggest that interventions that counteract neutrophil-induced senescence may be beneficial during aging and age-related disease.
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Mellough CB, Bauer R, Collin J, Dorgau B, Zerti D, Dolan DWP, Jones CM, Izuogu OG, Yu M, Hallam D, Steyn JS, White K, Steel DH, Santibanez-Koref M, Elliott DJ, Jackson MS, Lindsay S, Grellscheid S, Lako M. An integrated transcriptional analysis of the developing human retina. Development 2019; 146:146/2/dev169474. [PMID: 30696714 PMCID: PMC6361134 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity of embryonic/foetal material as a resource for direct study means that there is still limited understanding of human retina development. Here, we present an integrated transcriptome analysis combined with immunohistochemistry in human eye and retinal samples from 4 to 19 post-conception weeks. This analysis reveals three developmental windows with specific gene expression patterns that informed the sequential emergence of retinal cell types and enabled identification of stage-specific cellular and biological processes, and transcriptional regulators. Each stage is characterised by a specific set of alternatively spliced transcripts that code for proteins involved in the formation of the photoreceptor connecting cilium, pre-mRNA splicing and epigenetic modifiers. Importantly, our data show that the transition from foetal to adult retina is characterised by a large increase in the percentage of mutually exclusive exons that code for proteins involved in photoreceptor maintenance. The circular RNA population is also defined and shown to increase during retinal development. Collectively, these data increase our understanding of human retinal development and the pre-mRNA splicing process, and help to identify new candidate disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B. Mellough
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK,Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Roman Bauer
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE4 5TG, UK
| | - Joseph Collin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Birthe Dorgau
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Darin Zerti
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - David W. P. Dolan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Carl M. Jones
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Osagie G. Izuogu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK,European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Min Yu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Dean Hallam
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jannetta S. Steyn
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kathryn White
- EM Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - David H. Steel
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | | | - David J. Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Michael S. Jackson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Susan Lindsay
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sushma Grellscheid
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
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Lobine D, Cummins I, Govinden-Soulange J, Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya M, Lindsey K, Chazot PL, Ambler CA, Grellscheid S, Sharples G, Lall N, Lambrechts IA, Lavergne C, Howes MJR. Medicinal Mascarene Aloes: An audit of their phytotherapeutic potential. Fitoterapia 2017; 124:120-126. [PMID: 29066297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical and biological investigation of the endemic Mascarene Aloes (Aloe spp.), including A. tormentorii (Marais) L.E.Newton & G.D.Rowley, A. purpurea Lam, A. macra Haw., A. lomatophylloides Balf.f and A. vera (synonym A. barbadensis Mill.), which are used in the traditional folk medicine of the Mascarene Islands, was initiated. Methanolic extracts of the Aloes under study were analysed using high resolution LC-UV-MS/MS and compounds belonging to the class of anthraquinones, anthrones, chromones and flavone C-glycosides were detected. The Mascarene Aloes could be distinguished from A. vera by the absence of 2″-O-feruloylaloesin and 7-O-methylaloeresin. GC-MS analysis of monosaccharides revealed the presence of arabinose, fucose, xylose, mannose and galactose in all the Mascarene Aloes and in A. vera. The crude extracts of all Aloes analysed displayed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only extracts of A. macra were active against P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while none of the Aloe extracts inhibited Propionibacterium acnes. A. macra displayed anti-tyrosinase activity, exhibiting 50% inhibition at 0.95mg/mL, and extracts of A. purpurea (Mauritius) and A. vera displayed activity in a wound healing-scratch assay. In vitro cytotoxicity screening of crude methanolic extracts of the Aloes, using the MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) showed that only A. purpurea (Réunion) elicited a modest toxic effect against HL60 cells, with a percentage toxicity of 8.2% (A. purpurea-Réunion) and none of the Aloe extracts elicited a toxic effect against MRC 5 fibroblast cells at a concentration of 0.1mg/mL. Mascarene Aloe species possess noteworthy pharmacological attributes associated with their rich phytochemical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lobine
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius; Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - I Cummins
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | | | - K Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - P L Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - C A Ambler
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - S Grellscheid
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - G Sharples
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - N Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Plant Science Complex, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - I A Lambrechts
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Plant Science Complex, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - C Lavergne
- Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarin, Centre Permanent d'Initiatives pour l'Environnement, Rue du Père Georges, Les Colimaçons, Saint-Leu, La Réunion, France
| | - M-J R Howes
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
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5
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Holly AC, Grellscheid S, van de Walle P, Dolan D, Pilling LC, Daniels DJ, von Zglinicki T, Ferrucci L, Melzer D, Harries LW. Comparison of senescence-associated miRNAs in primary skin and lung fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2015; 16:423-34. [PMID: 25700689 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs with roles in many cellular processes. Tissue-specific miRNA profiles associated with senescence have been described for several cell and tissue types. We aimed to characterise miRNAs involved in core, rather than tissue-specific, senescence pathways by assessment of common miRNA expression differences in two different cell types, with follow-up of predicted targets in human peripheral blood. MicroRNAs were profiled in early and late passage primary lung and skin fibroblasts to identify commonly-deregulated miRNAs. Expression changes of their bioinformatically-predicted mRNA targets were then assessed in both cell types and in human peripheral blood from elderly participants in the InCHIANTI study. 57/178 and 26/492 microRNAs were altered in late passage skin and lung cells respectively. Three miRNAs (miR-92a, miR-15b and miR-125a-3p) were altered in both tissues. 14 mRNA targets of the common miRNAs were expressed in lung and skin fibroblasts, of which two demonstrated up-regulation in late passage skin and lung cells (LYST; p = 0.02 [skin] and 0.02 [lung] INMT; p = 0.03 [skin] and 0.04 [lung]). ZMPSTE24 and LHFPL2 demonstrated altered expression in late passage skin cells only (p = 0.01 and 0.05 respectively). LHFPL2 was also positively correlated with age in peripheral blood (p value = 6.6 × 10(-5)). We find that the majority of senescence-associated miRNAs demonstrate tissue-specific effects. However, miRNAs showing common effects across tissue types may represent those associated with core, rather than tissue-specific senescence processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Holly
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 2LU, UK
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6
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Grellscheid S, Dalgliesh C, Storbeck M, Best A, Liu Y, Jakubik M, Mende Y, Ehrmann I, Curk T, Rossbach K, Bourgeois CF, Stévenin J, Grellscheid D, Jackson MS, Wirth B, Elliott DJ. Identification of evolutionarily conserved exons as regulated targets for the splicing activator tra2β in development. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002390. [PMID: 22194695 PMCID: PMC3240583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing amplifies the information content of the genome, creating multiple mRNA isoforms from single genes. The evolutionarily conserved splicing activator Tra2β (Sfrs10) is essential for mouse embryogenesis and implicated in spermatogenesis. Here we find that Tra2β is up-regulated as the mitotic stem cell containing population of male germ cells differentiate into meiotic and post-meiotic cells. Using CLIP coupled to deep sequencing, we found that Tra2β binds a high frequency of exons and identified specific G/A rich motifs as frequent targets. Significantly, for the first time we have analysed the splicing effect of Sfrs10 depletion in vivo by generating a conditional neuronal-specific Sfrs10 knock-out mouse (Sfrs10fl/fl; Nestin-Cretg/+). This mouse has defects in brain development and allowed correlation of genuine physiologically Tra2β regulated exons. These belonged to a novel class which were longer than average size and importantly needed multiple cooperative Tra2β binding sites for efficient splicing activation, thus explaining the observed splicing defects in the knockout mice. Regulated exons included a cassette exon which produces a meiotic isoform of the Nasp histone chaperone that helps monitor DNA double-strand breaks. We also found a previously uncharacterised poison exon identifying a new pathway of feedback control between vertebrate Tra2 proteins. Both Nasp-T and the Tra2a poison exon are evolutionarily conserved, suggesting they might control fundamental developmental processes. Tra2β protein isoforms lacking the RRM were able to activate specific target exons indicating an additional functional role as a splicing co-activator. Significantly the N-terminal RS1 domain conserved between flies and humans was essential for the splicing activator function of Tra2β. Versions of Tra2β lacking this N-terminal RS1 domain potently repressed the same target exons activated by full-length Tra2β protein. Alternative splicing amplifies the informational content of the genome, making multiple mRNA isoforms from single genes. Tra2 proteins bind and activate alternative exons, and in mice Tra2β is essential for embryonic development through unknown target RNAs. Here we report the first target exons that are physiologically regulated by Tra2β in developing mice. Normal activation of these regulated exons depends on multiple Tra2β binding sites, and significant mis-regulation of these exons is observed during mouse development when Tra2β is removed. As expected, Tra2β activates splicing of some target exons through direct RNA binding via its RNA Recognition Motif. Surprisingly, for some exons Tra2β can also activate splicing independent of direct RNA binding through two domains enriched in arginine and serine residues (called RS domains). The N-terminal RS1 domain of Tra2β is absolutely essential for splicing activation of physiological target exons, explaining why this domain is conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates. Surprisingly, Tra2β proteins without RS1 operate as splicing repressors, suggesting the possibility that endogenous Tra2β protein isoforms may differentially regulate the same target exons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Grellscheid
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SG); (DE)
| | - Caroline Dalgliesh
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Storbeck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew Best
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Yilei Liu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Jakubik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ylva Mende
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingrid Ehrmann
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Tomaz Curk
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Rossbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cyril F. Bourgeois
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - James Stévenin
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - David Grellscheid
- Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S. Jackson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David J. Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SG); (DE)
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