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Yasmin F, Shah SMI, Naeem A, Shujauddin SM, Jabeen A, Kazmi S, Siddiqui SA, Kumar P, Salman S, Hassan SA, Dasari C, Choudhry AS, Mustafa A, Chawla S, Lak HM. Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and detection of heart failure: the past, present, and future. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2021; 22:1095-1113. [PMID: 34957756 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2204121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) performs human intelligence-dependant tasks using tools such as Machine Learning, and its subtype Deep Learning. AI has incorporated itself in the field of cardiovascular medicine, and increasingly employed to revolutionize diagnosis, treatment, risk prediction, clinical care, and drug discovery. Heart failure has a high prevalence, and mortality rate following hospitalization being 10.4% at 30-days, 22% at 1-year, and 42.3% at 5-years. Early detection of heart failure is of vital importance in shaping the medical, and surgical interventions specific to HF patients. This has been accomplished with the advent of Neural Network (NN) model, the accuracy of which has proven to be 85%. AI can be of tremendous help in analyzing raw image data from cardiac imaging techniques (such as echocardiography, computed tomography, cardiac MRI amongst others) and electrocardiogram recordings through incorporation of an algorithm. The use of decision trees by Rough Sets (RS), and logistic regression (LR) methods utilized to construct decision-making model to diagnose congestive heart failure, and role of AI in early detection of future mortality and destabilization episodes has played a vital role in optimizing cardiovascular disease outcomes. The review highlights the major achievements of AI in recent years that has radically changed nearly all areas of HF prevention, diagnosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Yasmin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Aisha Naeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Adina Jabeen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Kazmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sarush Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shiza Salman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Ohja University Hospital, 75330 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adeel Hassan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Dasari
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ali Sanaullah Choudhry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lahore Medical and Dental College, 53400 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Mustafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
| | - Sanchit Chawla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hassan Mehmood Lak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Yasmin F, Shujauddin SM, Naeem A, Jabeen A, Shah SMI, Ochani RK, Mohiuddin O, Khan AA, Jalees S, Razzack AA, Salman S, Khan SAK, Mustafa A, Lak HM. Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on provision of cardiology services: a scoping review. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2021; 22:83-95. [PMID: 33792250 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2021.01.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced hospitals to prioritize COVID-19 patients, restrict resources, and cancel all non-urgent elective cardiac procedures. Clinical visits have only been facilitated for emergency purposes. Fewer patients have been admitted to the hospital for both ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarctions (NSTEMI) and a profound decrease in heart failure services has been reported. A similar reduction in the patient presentation is seen for ischemic heart disease, decompensated heart failure, and endocarditis. Cardiovascular services, including catheterization, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), cardiac investigations such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), exercise tolerance test (ETT), dobutamine stress test, computed tomography (CT) angiography, transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) have been reported to have declined and performed on a priority basis. The long-term implications of this decline have been discussed with major concerns of severe cardiac complications and vulnerabilities in cardiac patients. The pandemic has also had psychological impacts on patients causing them to avoid seeking medical help. This review discusses the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of various cardiology services and aims to provide strategies to restore cardiovascular services including structural changes in the hospital to make up for the reduced staff personnel, the use of personal protective equipment in healthcare workers, and provides alternatives for high-risk cardiac imaging, cardiac interventions, and procedures. Implementation of the triage system, risk assessment scores, and telemedicine services in patients and their adaptation to the cardiovascular department have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Yasmin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 247000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Shujauddin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 247000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Naeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 247000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adina Jabeen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 247000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rohan Kumar Ochani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 247000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Osama Mohiuddin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 247000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anosh Aslam Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 247000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sumeen Jalees
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 247000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Shiza Salman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow International Medical College, 247000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shuja Abdul Karim Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 247000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Mustafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, NY 10001, USA
| | - Hassan Mehmood Lak
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44111, USA
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Haseeb A, Bilal M, Farooqui WA, Soomro H, Khan MAS, Nusrat K, Saad M, Shabbir A, Arshad MH, Raza H, Ahmad Zaidi SM, Bhatti OA, Shaikh FI, Shujauddin SM, Islam K, Niazi MN, Malik UA. Predictors of Awareness and Management Practices of Diabetes among Rural Dwellers of Sindh. Glob J Health Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v9n5p55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>The most substantial method of control for the spread of DM, is the spreading of knowledge and information regarding DM and its complications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the level of knowledge, awareness and management practices among people suffering from DM in the rural areas of Sindh.</p><p><strong>METHODOLOGY: </strong>A descriptive cross sectional survey was performed on 400 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 2 patients from March 2015 to June 2015, dwelling in rural areas of Sindh province, South Pakistan. A paper based questionnaire was used to determine sociodemographic features, knowledge and awareness with regards to DM and its complications and last part evaluated management practices to manage diabetes.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Only 50% participants knew that DM is a condition of high blood glucose and only 39% considered it as a preventable disease. With regards to management practices, only 65.0% had a home glucometer and 48% regularly checked their blood sugar levels. Family history of DM, BMI, education level, monthly household income, marital status and age were important predictors of knowledge among rural dwellers.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Our study has revealed lack of knowledge and inadequate management practices among diabetic patients of rural areas of Sindh, especially in patients attending primary healthcare setups. Management techniques and knowhow of this silent and deadly pathological condition should be spread to rural populace through seminars and media, which would eventually mold their life in a better condition.</p>
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Shah SR, Alweis R, Shah SA, Arshad MH, Manji AAK, Arfeen AA, Javed M, Shujauddin SM, Irfan R, Shabbir S, Shaikh S. Effects of colchicine on pericardial diseases: a review of the literature and current evidence. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2016; 6:31957. [PMID: 27406462 PMCID: PMC4942520 DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.v6.31957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colchicine, extracted from the colchicum autumnale plant, used by the ancient Greeks more than 20 centuries ago, is one of the most ancient drugs still prescribed even today. The major mechanism of action is binding to microtubules thereby interfering with mitosis and subsequent modulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. Colchicine has long been of interest in the treatment of cardiovascular disease; however, its efficacy and safety profile for specific conditions have been variably established in the literature. In the subset of pericardial diseases, colchicine has been shown to be effective in recurrent pericarditis and post-pericardiotomy syndrome (PPS). The future course of treatment and management will therefore highly depend on the results of the ongoing large randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of colchicine for the primary prevention of several postoperative complications and in the perioperative period. Also, given the positive preliminary outcomes of colchicine usage in pericardial effusions, the future therapeutical use of colchicine looks promising. Further study is needed to clarify its role in these disease states, as well as explore other its role in other cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Raza Shah
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan;
| | - Richard Alweis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reading Health System, West Reading, PA, USA
| | - Syed Arbab Shah
- Department of Medicine, Ziauddin Medical University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Adil Al-Karim Manji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Karachi Grammar School, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arham Amir Arfeen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Karachi Grammar School, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Javed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Karachi Grammar School, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rida Irfan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Lyceum, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sakina Shabbir
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Lyceum, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shehryar Shaikh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beaconhouse College Campus Defense, Karachi, Pakistan
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Soomro H, Aleem S, Hussain M, Alam A, Qadeer A, Saand AR, Ein NU, Ahmad T, Sultan AA, Khan MH, Usman H, Bhatti A, Noor S, Sarki H, Shujauddin SM, Imran H, Gagai HA, Arshad MH. Frequency and Predictors of Non-Compliance to Aspirin Therapy in Post Myocardial Infarction Patients. Glob J Health Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v9n1p217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Aspirin non-adherence or discontinuation is associated with an almost three-fold increase in risk of major adverse cardiac events. Compliance, commonly known as adherence, has been a major health care issue. Some studies have reported non-adherence rates to aspirin as high as fifty percent. The main objective of this study was to determine the frequency and predictors of non-compliance to aspirin in post myocardial infarction patients.METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months from May 2015 to July 2015 at Civil Hospital, Karachi. All patients visiting Cardiology out-patient department (OPD) with previously diagnosed myocardial infarction were included in the study. Patients who were not prescribed aspirin or those with contraindication to aspirin therapy such as hemophiliacs and peptic ulcer disease patients, and those with memory problems were excluded from the study. A pre-coded questionnaire was presented to the selected sample of 456 patients. Compliance was assessed through self-report. Chi square test was used as the primary statistical test.RESULTS: Out of 456 patients, 39% (n=178) were non-compliant to aspirin therapy. The most common reported cause for non-compliance was the failure to remember taking the drug reported by 40.7% (n=72) of the people. The second most common cause was the lack of awareness of the importance of the drug and the possible side effects of not taking it 31.4% (n =56).CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that non-compliance to aspirin is a major problem present in Pakistan. With the number of cardiovascular deaths increasing around the globe and in Pakistan, it is vital that non-compliance to aspirin should be taken as a serious issue.
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