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Zanin E, Ranjeva J, Confort‐Gouny S, Guye M, Denis D, Cozzone PJ, Girard N. White matter maturation of normal human fetal brain. An in vivo diffusion tensor tractography study. Brain Behav 2011; 1:95-108. [PMID: 22399089 PMCID: PMC3236541 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time the ability to determine in vivo and in utero the transitions between the main stages of white matter (WM) maturation in normal human fetuses using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography. Biophysical characteristics of water motion are used as an indirect probe to evaluate progression of the tissue matrix organization in cortico-spinal tracts (CSTs), optic radiations (OR), and corpus callosum (CC) in 17 normal human fetuses explored between 23 and 38 weeks of gestation (GW) and selected strictly on minimal motion artifacts. Nonlinear polynomial (third order) curve fittings of normalized longitudinal and radial water diffusivities (Z-scores) as a function of age identify three different phases of maturation with specific dynamics for each WM bundle type. These phases may correspond to distinct cellular events such as axonal organization, myelination gliosis, and myelination, previously reported by other groups on post-mortem fetuses using immunostaining methods. According to the DTI parameter dynamics, we suggest that myelination (phase 3) appears early in the CSTs, followed by the OR and by the CC, respectively. DTI tractography provides access to a better understanding of fetal WM maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Zanin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Aix‐Marseille II, France
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Centre hospitalo‐universitaire Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, France
| | - Jean‐Philippe Ranjeva
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Aix‐Marseille II, France
| | - Sylviane Confort‐Gouny
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Aix‐Marseille II, France
| | - Maxime Guye
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Aix‐Marseille II, France
| | - Daniele Denis
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Centre hospitalo‐universitaire Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, France
| | - Patrick J. Cozzone
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Aix‐Marseille II, France
| | - Nadine Girard
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Aix‐Marseille II, France
- Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Interventionelle, Centre hospitalo‐universitaire de la Timone, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, France
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Audoin B, Van Au Duong M, Ranjeva J, Ibarrola D, Malikova I, Confort‐Gouny S, Soulier E, Viout P, Ali‐Chérif A, Pelletier J, Cozzone PJ. Magnetic resonance study of the influence of tissue damage and cortical reorganization on PASAT performance at the earliest stage of multiple sclerosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2005; 24:216-28. [PMID: 15543553 PMCID: PMC6871730 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to determine the influence of tissue damage and the potential impact of cortical reorganization on the performance to the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) in patients at the earliest stage of multiple sclerosis (MS). Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments using PASAT as paradigm were carried out in 18 patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of MS (CISSMS) compared to 18 controls. MTR histogram analyses showed structural abnormalities in patients involving the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) but also the gray matter (GM). Mean PASAT scores were significantly lower in the group of patients taken as a whole, and were correlated with the mean NAWM MTR value. No correlation was observed between PASAT scores and GM MTR. However, in the subgroup of patients with normal PASAT performance (n = 9), fMRI showed larger activations in bilateral Brodmann area 45 (BA45) and right BA44 compared to that in controls (n = 18). In these areas with potentially compensatory reorganization, the whole group of patients (n = 18) showed significantly greater activation than controls (n = 18). Activation in the right BA45 was inversely correlated with the mean NAWM MTR and the peak position of GM MTR histograms of patients. This study indicates that even at the earliest stage of MS, cortical reorganization is present inside the executive system of working memory and could tend to limit the determinant functional impact of NAWM injury on the execution of the PASAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Audoin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - My Van Au Duong
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Jean‐Philippe Ranjeva
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Danielle Ibarrola
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Irina Malikova
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Sylviane Confort‐Gouny
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Soulier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Viout
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean Pelletier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick J. Cozzone
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
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Audoin B, Ibarrola D, Ranjeva J, Confort‐Gouny S, Malikova I, Ali‐Chérif A, Pelletier J, Cozzone P. Compensatory cortical activation observed by fMRI during a cognitive task at the earliest stage of MS. Hum Brain Mapp 2003; 20:51-8. [PMID: 14505331 PMCID: PMC6872003 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.10128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have suggested that functional cortical changes seen in patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) can have an adaptive role to limit the clinical impact of tissue injury. To determine whether cortical reorganization occurs during high cognitive processes at the earliest stage of multiple sclerosis (MS), we performed an fMRI experiment using the conventional Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) as paradigm in a population of ten patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis (CISSMS). At the time of the fMRI exploration, mean disease duration was 6.8 +/- 3.3 months. We compared these results to those obtained in a group of ten education-, age-, and sex-matched healthy controls. Subjects were explored on a 1.5 T MRI system using single-shot gradient-echo EPI sequence. Performances of the two groups during PASAT recorded inside the MR scanner were not different. Statistical assessment of brain activation was based on the random effect analysis (between-group analysis two-sample t-test P < 0.005 confirmed by individual analyses performed in the surviving regions P < 0.05 Mann Whitney U-test). Compared to controls, patients showed significantly greater activation in the right frontopolar cortex, the bilateral lateral prefrontal cortices, and the right cerebellum. Healthy controls did not show greater activation compared to CISSMS patients. The present study argues in favor of the existence of compensatory cortical activations at the earliest stage of MS mainly located in regions involved in executive processing in patients performing PASAT. It also suggests that fMRI can evidence the active processes of neuroplasticity contributing to mask the clinical cognitive expression of brain pathology at the earliest stage of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Audoin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR CNRS no. 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
- Département de Neurologie, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Danielle Ibarrola
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR CNRS no. 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Jean‐Philippe Ranjeva
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR CNRS no. 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Sylviane Confort‐Gouny
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR CNRS no. 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Irina Malikova
- Département de Neurologie, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean Pelletier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR CNRS no. 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
- Département de Neurologie, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Cozzone
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR CNRS no. 6612, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
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