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Shi YK, Tao XH, He Y, Qin P, Liu ST, Zhou JL, Yang LJ, Zhou YW, Song SL, Wang J, Jin H, Fang YP, Liu Y, Zhang SN, Qi Y, Yang CG, Zhang C, Yang L, Gui L. [Survival and prognosis analysis of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma treated with standard treatment paradigm]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:3295-3303. [PMID: 36319182 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220420-00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the survival and prognosis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients receiving standard first-line therapy. Methods: Data of clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with HL diagnosed in Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CHCAMS) from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2018 who received standard first-line treatment were retrospectively analyzed and compared with that of HL patients who received treatment in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database in the United States during the same period. Factors associated with freedom from progression (FFP) of patients in CHCAMS were analyzed. Treatment and survival data of patients with relapsed/refractory HL (r/rHL) who had failed the standard first-line treatment during the corresponding period in CHCAMS were collected to analyze the outcomes of salvage therapy. Results: A total of 764 HL patients in CHCAMS were included in this study. The median age was 30 years (range, 14-83 years), with 424 males and 340 females. By February 26th, 2022, the patients were followed-up for a median time of 111 months(range, 0.3-262.0 months). Lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate at 10 years for HL patients in CHCAMS was 91.7% (95%CI: 89.5%-93.9%) and 87.1% (95%CI: 84.5%-89.8%), respectively. LSS and OS rate at 10 years for HL patients from SEER database was 86.8% (95%CI: 86.3%-87.2%) and 79.0% (95%CI: 78.5%-79.5%), respectively. The unadjusted LSS and OS rate for patients in CHCAMS were higher than those for patients from SEER database (both P<0.001). No significant difference was observed in LSS and OS rate (both P>0.05) between the two groups after adjustment. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer staging system (early-stage unfavorable: HR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.13-4.89, P=0.023; advanced stage: HR=5.44, 95%CI: 2.62-11.30, P<0.001) and serum β2 microglobulin (HR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.08-2.58, P=0.021) were influencing factors of FFP for patients in CHCAMS. The complete remission rate, median progression-free survival (PFS), 5-year PFS rate and 5-year OS rate for the 116 patients with r/rHL was 37.9% (95%CI: 29.6%-47.0%), 15.0 months (95%CI: 9.9-20.1 months), 29.9% (95%CI: 20.9%-38.9%) and 62.9% (95%CI: 54.1%-71.7%), respectively. Conclusions: The outcomes of HL patients receiving standard first-line treatment are excellent. However, the therapeutic effect of HL patients who incurrs disease progression or relapse after standard first-line treatment is not satisfying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - X H Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y He
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - P Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - S T Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - J L Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - L J Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y W Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - S L Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - H Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y P Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - S N Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - C G Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
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Liew YJM, Chua KO, Yong HS, Song SL, Chan KG. Complete chloroplast genome of Boesenbergia rotunda and a comparative analysis with members of the family Zingiberaceae. Rev Bras Bot 2022; 45:1209-1222. [PMID: 36320930 PMCID: PMC9607705 DOI: 10.1007/s40415-022-00845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. is a medically important ginger species of the family Zingiberaceae but its genomic information on molecular phylogeny and identification is scarce. In this work, the chloroplast genome of B. rotunda was sequenced, characterized and compared to the other Zingiberaceae species to provide chloroplast genetic resources and to determine its phylogenetic position in the family. The chloroplast genome of B. rotunda was 163,817 bp in length and consisted of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,302 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 16,023 bp and a pair of inverted repeats (IRA and IRB) of 29,746 bp each. The chloroplast genome contained 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Several genes had atypical start codons, while most amino acids exhibited biased usage of synonymous codons. Comparative analyses with various chloroplast genomes of Zingiberaceae taxa revealed several highly variable regions (psbK-psbI, trnT-GGU-psbD, rbcL-accD, ndhF-rpl32, and ycf1) in the LSC and SSC regions in the chloroplast genome of B. rotunda that could be utilized as molecular markers for DNA barcoding and species delimitation. Phylogenetic analyses based on shared protein-coding genes revealed that B. rotunda formed a distinct lineage with B. kingii Mood & L.M.Prince, in a subclade that also contained the genera Kaempferia and Zingiber. These findings constitute the first chloroplast genome information of B. rotunda that could be a reference for phylogenetic analysis and identification of genus Boesenbergia within the Zingiberaceae family. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40415-022-00845-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Jing Mei Liew
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Deputy Vice Chancellor’s Office (Research and Innovation), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah-Ooi Chua
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 China
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Song SL, Yong HS, Chua KO, Eamsobhana P, Lim PE, Chan KG. Core members and differential abundance of chrysomelid microbiota in the life stages of Podontiaaffinis (Galerucinae) and adult Silanafarinosa(Cassidinae, Coleoptera). Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e87459. [PMID: 36761655 PMCID: PMC9836631 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e87459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chrysomelid beetlesPodontiaaffinis and Silanafarinosa are members of the subfamilies Galerucinae and Cassidinae, respectively. This study, based on 16S rRNA gene-targeted metagenomics sequencing, reports the core members and differential abundance of bacterial communities in the larvae and adult beetles of P.affinis and the adult S.farinosa. Cyanobacteria/Melainabacteria group was the predominant phylum in the larvae of P.affinis, while Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum in adult P.affinis and S.farinosa. The number of Order, Family, Genus and Species OTUs in the adult stage of P.affinis was higher than that in the larval stage. The bacterial species richness of adult P.affinis was significantly higher than that of adult S.farinosa. Betaproteobacteria was the predominant class in adult P.affinis, Cyanobacteria in the larvae of P.affinis and Gammaproteobacteria in S.farinosa. The larvae and adult beetles of P.affinis and adult S.farinosahad a low number of unique and shared bacterial OTUs (> 5% relative abundance). The differences in the microbiota indicate possible differences in nutrient assimilation, host taxonomy and other stochastic processes. These findings provide new information to our understanding of the bacteria associated with specialist phytophagous chrysomelid beetles and beetles in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Looi Song
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute for Advanced Studies, Universiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia,Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Kah-Ooi Chua
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCentre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
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Cheng A, Lim WY, Lim PE, Yang Amri A, Poong SW, Song SL, Ilham Z. Marine Autotroph-Herbivore Synergies: Unravelling the Roles of Macroalgae in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics. Biology 2022; 11:biology11081209. [PMID: 36009834 PMCID: PMC9405220 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Invasive species are a leading hazard to marine ecosystems worldwide, coupled with climate change. Tackling the emerging biodiversity threat to maintain the ecological balance of the largest biome in the world has now become a pivotal part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Marine herbivores are generally regarded as biological agents that restrict invasive species, and their efficiency depends on their dietary habits, especially the autotrophs they eat. Many researchers have found contradicting findings on the effects of nutritional attributes and novelty of autotrophs on herbivore eating behaviour. In light of the scattered literature on the mechanistic basis of autotroph-herbivore interactions, we provide a comprehensive review to fill knowledge gaps about synergies based on macroalgae, an important group of photosynthetic organisms in the marine biome that interact strongly with generalist herbivores. We also analyse macroalgal defence measures against herbivores, underlining unique features and potential roles in maintaining marine ecosystems. The nutritional qualities, shape, and novelty of autotrophs can alter herbivore feeding behaviour. Future research should explore aspects that can alter marine autotroph-herbivore interactions to resolve inconsistent results of specific features and the uniqueness of the organisms involved. Abstract Species invasion is a leading threat to marine ecosystems worldwide, being deemed as one of the ultimate jeopardies for biodiversity along with climate change. Tackling the emerging biodiversity threat to maintain the ecological balance of the largest biome in the world has now become a pivotal part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Marine herbivores are often considered as biological agents that control the spread of invasive species, and their effectiveness depends largely on factors that influence their feeding preferences, including the specific attributes of their food–the autotrophs. While the marine autotroph-herbivore interactions have been substantially discussed globally, many studies have reported contradictory findings on the effects of nutritional attributes and novelty of autotrophs on herbivore feeding behaviour. In view of the scattered literature on the mechanistic basis of autotroph-herbivore interactions, we generate a comprehensive review to furnish insights into critical knowledge gaps about the synergies based largely on the characteristics of macroalgae; an important group of photosynthetic organisms in the marine biome that interact strongly with generalist herbivores. We also discuss the key defence strategies of these macroalgae against the herbivores, highlighting their unique attributes and plausible roles in keeping the marine ecosystems intact. Overall, the feeding behaviour of herbivores can be affected by the nutritional attributes, morphology, and novelty of the autotrophs. We recommend that future research should carefully consider different factors that can potentially affect the dynamics of the marine autotroph-herbivore interactions to resolve the inconsistent results of specific attributes and novelty of the organisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acga Cheng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yin Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Affendi Yang Amri
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wan Poong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.-L.S.); (Z.I.); Tel.: +60-37967-4014 (Z.I.)
| | - Zul Ilham
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Correspondence: (S.-L.S.); (Z.I.); Tel.: +60-37967-4014 (Z.I.)
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Li DG, Song SL, Chen DR, Liang P. Effects of Ce, Sm and Yb on cavitation erosion of NAB alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 88:106093. [PMID: 35863091 PMCID: PMC9304669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The influences of Ce, Sm and Yb on cavitation erosion of NAB alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution are evaluated using mass loss, SEM, 3D morphology and Tafel plot, respectively. The results show that the addition of Ce or Sm or Yb enhances the mechanical property of NAB alloy, and the sizes of κⅠ and κⅡ phases within NAB alloy decrease with adding Ce or Sm or Yb, resulting in the prevention of the propagation of the cracks caused by cavitation erosion initially originated at the phase boundaries between α and κ phases, and finally the cavitation erosion damage significantly decreases with adding Ce or Sm or Yb. The corrosion of NAB alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution can promote the cavitation erosion of NAB alloy, while the corrosion resistance of NAB alloy increases with the addition of Ce or Sm or Yb, and then the cavitation erosion resistance is accordingly improved with the addition of rare earth element.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - S L Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - D R Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - P Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Kong LM, Zhang L, Ye LJ, Yang JW, Liu YL, Song SL. [To take the initiative in the prevention and control of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in the changing and unchanged strategies]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:463-467. [PMID: 35184500 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211221-02838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In early 2020, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic happened in China. In the following three months, 42 600 medical personnels and more than 9 000 public health employees were "rushed out" of their own position and onto Wuhan and other areas in Hubei Province. They helped to strengthen the treatment of severe cases and the isolation of mild cases, and actively carried out community screenings, and eventually won victory in the defense of Wuhan. During the normalization stage of prevention and control of the epidemic of COVID-19, China adopted the expanded preventive strategy by focusing on widely implement PCR testing, and integrate general and emergency departments to improve the performance of public health system. In this stage, China put out the cluster of epidemics that have occurred in several places one after another, and effectively controlled the spread of the epidemic in 2 to 3 incubation periods. In the stage of "dynamic zeroing", China emphasized the strategy of "grasping early, grasping the basics", focused on specific measures such as precise prevention in key areas. The rule of golden 24 hours was used to control the spread of the epidemic within one incubation period. During the epidemic, China continues to adopt active prevention and control strategies. This self-confidence and determination depends on adhering to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the distinct essence of medical and health services, and significant advantages of social governance on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Kong
- China Health Magazine, Beijing 100000, China
| | - L Zhang
- Health News Newspaper, Beijing 100000, China
| | - L J Ye
- Health News Newspaper, Beijing 100000, China
| | - J W Yang
- Health News Newspaper, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Y L Liu
- China Health Magazine, Beijing 100000, China
| | - S L Song
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhao X, Liu LC, Zhou ZP, Sheng SZX, Li LJN, Zhou ZJY, Chen CRZ, Wang WY, Chen CY, Song SL, Zhao ZHJ, Yan YHB. Thrombosis and major bleeding risk after primary percutaneous coronary intervention among patients with multi-vessels coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims
The present study aimed to develop and validate separate risk prediction models for thrombosis events (TEs) and major bleeding (MB) in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery lesions who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods and results
TEs were defined as the composite of myocardial infarction recurrence or ischemic cerebrovascular events, whereas MB was defined as the occurrence of bleeding academic research consortium (BARC) 3 or 5 bleeding. The derivation and validation cohorts comprised 2976 patients who underwent primary PCI between January 2010 and June 2017. At a median follow-up of 3.07 years (1122 days), TEs and MB occurred in 167 and 98 patients, respectively. Independent predictors of TEs were older age, prior PCI, non-ST elevated MI (NSTEMI), and stent thrombosis (ST). Independent predictors of MB were triple therapy at discharge, coronary artery bifurcation lesions, lesion restenosis, target lesion of the left main coronary artery, and PTCA. In the derivation and validation cohorts, the areas under the curve were 0.817 and 0.820 for thrombosis and 0.886 and 0.976 for bleeding, respectively. In the derivation cohort, high thrombotic risk (n=755) was associated with a higher 3-year incidence of TEs, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and all-cause death, compared to low risk (n=1275) (p=0.0022, 0.019, 0.012, respectively). High bleeding risk (n=1675) was associated with a higher incidence of bleeding, MACEs, cardiac death, compared to low risk (n=355) (p<0.0001).
Conclusion
Simple risk scores can be useful in predicting the risks of ischemic and bleeding events after primary PCI, thereby stratifying thrombotic or MB risks and facilitating clinical decisions.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): This study was supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2016-I2M-1–009), National Natural Science Funds (number: 81970308) and the Fund of “Sanming” Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (number: SZSM201911017). Figure 2Figure 3
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
| | - L C Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
| | - Z P Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
| | - S Z X Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
| | - L J N Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
| | - Z J Y Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
| | - C R Z Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
| | - W Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
| | - C Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
| | - S L Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
| | - Z H J Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
| | - Y H B Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular D, Beijing, China
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Yong HS, Chua KO, Song SL, Liew YJM, Eamsobhana P, Chan KG. Complete mitochondrial genome of Dacus vijaysegarani and phylogenetic relationships with congeners and other tephritid fruit flies (Insecta: Diptera). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6047-6056. [PMID: 34357549 PMCID: PMC8342272 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Tephritid fruit flies of the genus Dacus are members of the tribe Dacini, subfamily Dacinae. There are some 274 species worldwide, distributed in Africa and the Asia-Pacific. To date, only five complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Dacus fruit flies have been published and are available in the GenBank. Methods and results In view of the lack of study on their mitogenome, we sequenced (by next generation sequencing) and annotated the complete mitogenome of D. vijaysegarani from Malaysia to determine its features and phylogenetic relationship. The whole mitogenome of D. vijaysegarani has identical gene order with the published mitogenomes of the genus Dacus, with 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNAs, a non-coding A + T rich control region, and intergenic spacer and overlap sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on 15 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs and two rRNA genes), reveals Dacus, Zeugodacus and Bactrocera forming a distinct clade. The genus Dacus forms a monophyletic group in the subclade containing also the Zeugodacus group; this Dacus-Zeugodacus subclade is distinct from the Bactrocera subclade. D. (Mellesis) vijaysegarani forms a lineage with D. (Mellesis) trimacula in the subcluster containing also the lineage of D. (Mellesis) conopsoides and D. (Callantra) longicornis. D. (Dacus) bivittatus and D. (Didacus) ciliatus form a distinct subcluster. Based on cox1 sequences, the Malaysia and Vietnam taxa of D. vijaysegarani may not be conspecific. Conclusions Overall, the mitochondrial genome of D. vijaysegarani provided essential molecular data that could be useful for further studies for species diagnosis, evolution and phylogeny research of other tephritid fruit flies in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11033-021-06608-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Sen Yong
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah-Ooi Chua
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yvonne Jing-Mei Liew
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Yong HS, Song SL, Chua KO, Wayan Suana I, Eamsobhana P, Tan J, Lim PE, Chan KG. Complete mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetic relationships of the genera Nephila and Trichonephila (Araneae, Araneoidea). Sci Rep 2021; 11:10680. [PMID: 34021208 PMCID: PMC8139964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spiders of the genera Nephila and Trichonephila are large orb-weaving spiders. In view of the lack of study on the mitogenome of these genera, and the conflicting systematic status, we sequenced (by next generation sequencing) and annotated the complete mitogenomes of N. pilipes, T. antipodiana and T. vitiana (previously N. vitiana) to determine their features and phylogenetic relationship. Most of the tRNAs have aberrant clover-leaf secondary structure. Based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 15 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs and two rRNA genes), Nephila and Trichonephila form a clade distinctly separated from the other araneid subfamilies/genera. T. antipodiana forms a lineage with T. vitiana in the subclade containing also T. clavata, while N. pilipes forms a sister clade to Trichonephila. The taxon vitiana is therefore a member of the genus Trichonephila and not Nephila as currently recognized. Studies on the mitogenomes of other Nephila and Trichonephila species and related taxa are needed to provide a potentially more robust phylogeny and systematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kah-Ooi Chua
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I Wayan Suana
- Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Ji Tan
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
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Abstract
Rattus tiomanicus is a murid rodent of considerable agricultural and public health importance in Southeast Asia. The whole mitochondrial genome of R. tiomanicus was sequenced by the Ion Torrent PGM platform. It had a total length of 16,309 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and two non-coding regions (L-strand replication origin and control region). Only TAA and incomplete T-stop codons were represented in the protein-coding genes. Of the tRNAs, tryptophan (W) had ACU anticodon. The cloverleaf structure for serine S1 (AGN) tRNA lacked the entire D-arm, while in lysine (K) tRNA, the DHU arm lacked the D-loop. Molecular phylogeny based on 15 mt-genes indicated R. tiomanicus having closest genetic affinity to R. rattus complex (R. rattus, R. tanezumi). There were two major clades for the Murinae subfamily namely the Rattini tribe and the Apodemini, Murini and Hydromyini tribes. The whole mitogenome of R. tiomanicus will serve as a useful dataset for studying the systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the murid rodents.
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11
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Song SL, Li MQ, Sun YP. [Analysis of respiratory syncytial virus detection outcomes of 973 cases with severe respiratory infection during 2016-2019, Yuhang district of Hangzhou]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 55:263-265. [PMID: 34645190 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20201125-01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens from severe respiratory infection cases in First People's Hospital of Yuhang District during 2016-2019. Real-time PCR was used to detect respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Rate of RSV positive detection were analysised in different age groups and different months. A total of 973 nasopharyngeal swab specimens of severe respiratory infection cases were collected, and the total positive rate of nucleic acid test of RSV was 6.47%; The detection rate of nucleic acid in male is higher than that in female, with no statistical differences (P=0.023). The positive rate of nucleic acid test was negatively correlated with age. The positive rate was 15.2% in the group aged 0-1 years and 12% in the group aged 1-2 years. There are obvious seasonal differences in the prevalence of RSV, human are easier to infect RSV in spring and winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- Department of Microorganism Laboratory, Hangzhou Yuhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - M Q Li
- Department of Microorganism Laboratory, Hangzhou Yuhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Y P Sun
- Department of Microorganism Laboratory, Hangzhou Yuhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 311100, China
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12
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Chua KO, See-Too WS, Yong HS, Song SL, Yin WF, Chan KG. Plasmid localization of sole rrn operon in genomes of Oecophyllibacter saccharovorans (Acetobacteraceae). Plasmid 2021; 114:102559. [PMID: 33476637 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2021.102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Oecophyllibacter saccharovorans of family Acetobacteraceae is a symbiont of weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina. In our previous study, we published the finding of novel O. saccharovorans strains Ha5T, Ta1 and Jb2 (Chua et al. 2020) but their plasmid sequences have not been reported before. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the sole rrn operon of their genomes was detected on a 6.6 kb circular replicon. This replicon occurred in high copy number, much smaller size and lower G + C content than the main chromosome. Based on these features, the 6.6 kb circular replicon was regarded as rrn operon-containing plasmid. Further restriction analysis on the plasmids confirmed their circular conformation. A Southern hybridization analysis also corroborated the presence of 16S rRNA gene and thus the rrn operon on a single locus in the genome of the O. saccharovorans strains. However, similar genome architecture was not observed in other closely related bacterial strains. Additional survey also detected no plasmid-borne rrn operon in available genomes of validly described taxa of family Acetobacteraceae. To date, plasmid localization of rrn operon is rarely documented. This study reports the occurrence of rrn operon on the smallest bacterial plasmid in three O. saccharovorans strains and discusses its possible importance in enhancing their competitive fitness as bacterial symbiont of O. smaragdina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah-Ooi Chua
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Seng See-Too
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, & Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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13
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Tan AH, Chong CW, Lim SY, Yap IKS, Teh CSJ, Loke MF, Song SL, Tan JY, Ang BH, Tan YQ, Kho MT, Bowman J, Mahadeva S, Yong HS, Lang AE. Gut Microbial Ecosystem in Parkinson Disease: New Clinicobiological Insights from Multi-Omics. Ann Neurol 2021; 89:546-559. [PMID: 33274480 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which provide a functional readout of microbial activity, have scarcely been investigated. We investigated fecal microbiome and metabolome alterations in PD, and their clinical relevance. METHODS Two hundred subjects (104 patients, 96 controls) underwent extensive clinical phenotyping. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolomics were performed using two platforms, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Fecal microbiome and metabolome composition in PD was significantly different from controls, with the largest effect size seen in NMR-based metabolome. Microbiome and NMR-based metabolome compositional differences remained significant after comprehensive confounder analyses. Differentially abundant fecal metabolite features and predicted functional changes in PD versus controls included bioactive molecules with putative neuroprotective effects (eg, short chain fatty acids [SCFAs], ubiquinones, and salicylate) and other compounds increasingly implicated in neurodegeneration (eg, ceramides, sphingosine, and trimethylamine N-oxide). In the PD group, cognitive impairment, low body mass index (BMI), frailty, constipation, and low physical activity were associated with fecal metabolome compositional differences. Notably, low SCFAs in PD were significantly associated with poorer cognition and low BMI. Lower butyrate levels correlated with worse postural instability-gait disorder scores. INTERPRETATION Gut microbial function is altered in PD, characterized by differentially abundant metabolic features that provide important biological insights into gut-brain pathophysiology. Their clinical relevance further supports a role for microbial metabolites as potential targets for the development of new biomarkers and therapies in PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:546-559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Huey Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Center for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wie Chong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Center of Translational Research, Institute of Research, Development, and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shen-Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Center for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Jiun Yan Tan
- Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Center for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ban Hong Ang
- Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Center for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Qi Tan
- Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Center for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mee Teck Kho
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeff Bowman
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sanjiv Mahadeva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hoi Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Wang YY, Wang T, Yu H, Xu WM, Yu T, Song SL, Cui J, Yang JL. [Intraobserver reproducibility of Ki-67 assessment of breast cancers based on digital slide]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2020; 49:1163-1168. [PMID: 33152823 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200221-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the intra-observer reproducibility of Ki-67 assessment in breast cancers using three methods based on digital slide. Methods: Thirty cases of invasive breast cancer tissues were immunostained for Ki-67 by automatic stainer, and then scanned into digital pathological slides. Ki-67 positive index was measured individually by three pathologists using size-set visual assessment of hot spot (SSVAHS), size-set semi-automatic counting of hot spot(SSSACHS), and size-set automatic counting of hot spot (SSACHS), respectively, and repeated for 10 times. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of each assessment method was calculated, and the intraobserver reliability was classified as excellent, good, fair and poor according to ICC. Results: The ICC by 3 pathologists using SSVAHS was 0.832, 0.843 and 0.826, respectively, The ICC using SSSACHS was 0.926,0.938,0.929, and the ICC using SSACHS was 0.964, 0.971 and 0.968.The intraobserver reliability level of all three methods was excellent. Conclusion: The three methods of Ki-67 assessment achieve satisfactory intraobserver reproducibility, and the order of reproducibility from high to low is SSACHS, SSSACHS, and SSVAHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Wang
- Department of Pathology, 920th Hospital of Joint Service Support Force of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
| | - T Wang
- Medical Service Training Center, 920th Hospital of Joint Service Support Force of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
| | - H Yu
- Department of Pathology, 920th Hospital of Joint Service Support Force of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
| | - W M Xu
- Department of Pathology, 920th Hospital of Joint Service Support Force of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
| | - T Yu
- Department of Pathology, 920th Hospital of Joint Service Support Force of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
| | - S L Song
- Department of Pathology, 920th Hospital of Joint Service Support Force of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
| | - J Cui
- Department of Pathology, 920th Hospital of Joint Service Support Force of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
| | - J L Yang
- Department of Pathology, 920th Hospital of Joint Service Support Force of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
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15
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Yong HS, Song SL, Eamsobhana P, Pasartvit A, Lim PE. Differential abundance and core members of the bacterial community associated with wild male Zeugodacus cucurbitae fruit flies (Insecta: Tephritidae) from three geographical regions of Southeast Asia. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3765-3776. [PMID: 31012029 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillet) is one of the most significant and widespread tephritid pest species of agricultural crops. This study reports the bacterial communities associated with Z. cucurbitae from three geographical regions in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sarawak). The bacterial microbiota were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region) sequencing using the Illumina Mi-Seq platform. At 97% similarity and filtering at 0.001%, there were seven bacterial phyla and unassigned bacteria, comprising 11 classes, 23 orders, 39 families and 67 genera. The bacterial diversity and richness varied within and among the samples from the three geographical regions. Five phyla were detected for the Sarawak sample, and six each for the Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia samples. Four phyla-Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria-were represented in all the fruit fly specimens, forming the core members of the bacterial community. Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Fifty-three genera were represented in the Thailand sample, 56 in the Peninsular Malaysia sample, and 55 in the Sarawak sample. Forty-two genera were present in all the three geographical regions. The predominant core members were order Enterobacteriales (Proeteobacteria), and family Enterobacteriaceae (Enterobacteriales). Klebsiella (Enterobacteriaceae) was the predominant genus and K. oxytoca the predominant species with all specimens having > 10% relative abundance. The results indicate the presence of a great diversity as well as core members of the bacterial community associated with different populations of Z. cucurbitae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchana Pasartvit
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Liu HJ, Guo XF, Hu FL, Yan CP, Cui XJ, Yan XL, Li ZG, Jia Y, Song SL. [Increased receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand expressed on B10 cells in rheumatoid arthritis]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2018; 50:968-974. [PMID: 30562766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) expressed on B10 cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate the correlation between RANKL-producing B10 cells in RA and clinical features and laboratory parameters, trying to reveal the possible role of B10 cells in the pathogenesis of RA and the potential mechanism of impaired immunosuppressive capacities. METHODS 25 RA patients and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. These RA patients did not received treatment with glucocorticoids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug and biologics during the recent half of a year. The levels of RANKL-producing B10 cells were measured by flow cytometry (FCM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The correlation between the frequencies of RANKL-producing B10 cells in RA and clinical data, laboratory parameters were analyzed. The role of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in inducing RANKL expression in B10 cells was evaluated by in vitro stimulation assay. Independent samples t test, Pearson and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS B10 cells were capable of producing RANKL at a low level in health controls. The frequencies of RANKL-producing B10 cells were markedly higher in RA patients than in health controls (3.65%±1.59% vs. 2.25%±0.68%, P<0.01). The frequencies of these cells correlated positively with RA tender joint counts, swollen joint counts and disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) (r=0.479, P=0.035; r=0.519, P=0.008; r=0.526, P=0.019). However, no correlation was found between these cells and RA patient age, disease duration, or the levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA). After in vitro stimulation by TNF-α, but not IL-1β, B10 cells isolated from healthy donors demonstrated fundamentally upregulated expression of RANKL. CONCLUSION Our studies showed the frequencies of RANKL-producing B10 cells were markedly higher in RA patients, and their frequencies were positively correlated with RA tender joint counts, swollen joint counts and DAS28. These findings suggested that B10 cells might be involved in RA bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443000, Hubei, China
| | - X F Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443000, Hubei, China
| | - F L Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - C P Yan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443000, Hubei, China
| | - X J Cui
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443000, Hubei, China
| | - X L Yan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443000, Hubei, China
| | - Z G Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Y Jia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - S L Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443000, Hubei, China
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Song SL, Yong HS, Loh KH, Lim PE, Then AYH, Eamsobhana P. Mitogenome of Gymnothorax minor and Phylogenetic Relationship with Its Congeners and Related Genera (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae). SAINS MALAYS 2018. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2018-4710-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Eamsobhana P, Yong HS, Song SL, Gan XX, Prasartvit A, Tungtrongchitr A. Molecular phylogeography and genetic diversity of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and A. malaysiensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) based on 66-kDa protein gene. Parasitol Int 2018; 68:24-30. [PMID: 30267903 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the main causative agent of human angiostrongyliasis. A sibling species, A. malaysiensis has not been unequivocally incriminated to be involved in human infections. To date, there is only a single report on the application of the partial 66-kDa protein gene sequence for molecular differentiation and phylogeny of Angiostrongylus species. Nucleotide sequences of the 66-kDa protein gene of A. cantonensis and A. malaysiensis from Thailand, as well as those of the laboratory strains of A. cantonensis from Thailand and Hawaii, A. cantonensis from Japan and China, A. malaysiensis from Malaysia, and A. costaricensis from Costa Rica, were used for the reconstruction of phylogenetic tree by the maximum likelihood (ML) method and the haplotypes by the median joining (MJ) network. The ML phylogenetic tree contained two major clades with a full support bootstrap value - (1) A. cantonensis and A. malaysiensis, and (2) A. costaricensis. A. costaricensis was basal to A. cantonensis and A. malaysiensis. The genetic distance between A. cantonensis and A. malaysiensis ranged from p = .82% to p = 3.27%, that between A. cantonensis and A. costaricensis from p = 4.90% to p = 5.31%, and that between A. malaysiensis and A. costaricensis was p = 4.49% to p = 5.71%. Both A. cantonensis and A. malaysiensis possess high 66-kDa haplotype diversity. There was no clear separation of the conspecific taxa of A. cantonensis and A. malaysiensis from different geographical regions. A more intensive and extensive sampling with larger sample size may reveal greater haplotype diversity and a better resolved phylogeographical structure of A. cantonensis and A. malaysiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Xiao-Xian Gan
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Anchana Prasartvit
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tungtrongchitr
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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19
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Eamsobhana P, Yong HS, Song SL, Tungtrongchitr A, Roongruangchai K. Genetic differentiation of Anisakis species (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in marine fish Priacanthus tayenus from Gulf of Thailand. Trop Biomed 2018; 35:669-677. [PMID: 33601754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Members of the genus Anisakis are parasitic nematodes of the family Anisakidae. They are potential zoonotic parasites, causing anisakiasis in humans who consume raw or undercooked seafood (fish or squid) infected with the larvae of this nematode. In the present study, anisakid nematodes collected from the marine fish Priacanthus tayenus (Purplespotted big-eye) caught from the Gulf of Thailand were examined morphologically and characterized genetically by DNA sequence analysis. Sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (mtDNA cox2) gene were used to identify these nematodes to species level and to evaluate the phylogenetic relationship among various taxa. All the 15 third-stage larvae of Anisakis nematodes investigated in this study belonged to the same genetic lineage as the A. typica species complex (named here as A. typica sp. T - T for Thailand). Eight mtDNA cox2 haplotypes were revealed in the 15 isolates of this Anisakis from Thailand. The mtDNA cox2 haplotypes of A. typica sp. T from Thailand were genetically distinct from those of the A. typica sensu stricto. Taxonomic description of this A. typica sp. T as a distinct species however awaits the availability of adult specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - H S Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S L Song
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Tungtrongchitr
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - K Roongruangchai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Yong HS, Song SL, Lim PE, Eamsobhana P. Complete mitochondrial genome of Zeugodacus tau (Insecta: Tephritidae) and differentiation of Z. tau species complex by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189325. [PMID: 29216281 PMCID: PMC5720772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The tephritid fruit fly Zeugodacus tau (Walker) is a polyphagous fruit pest of economic importance in Asia. Studies based on genetic markers indicate that it forms a species complex. We report here (1) the complete mitogenome of Z. tau from Malaysia and comparison with that of China as well as the mitogenome of other congeners, and (2) the relationship of Z. tau taxa from different geographical regions based on sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. The complete mitogenome of Z. tau had a total length of 15631 bp for the Malaysian specimen (ZT3) and 15835 bp for the China specimen (ZT1), with similar gene order comprising 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes-PCGs, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes) and a non-coding A + T-rich control region (D-loop). Based on 13 PCGs and 15 mt-genes, Z. tau NC_027290 (China) and Z. tau ZT1 (China) formed a sister group in the lineage containing also Z. tau ZT3 (Malaysia). Phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of cox1 gene indicates that the taxa from China, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Z. tau sp. A from Thailand belong to Z. tau sensu stricto. A complete cox1 gene (or 13 PCGs or 15 mt-genes) instead of partial sequence is more appropriate for determining phylogenetic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yong HS, Song SL, Chua KO, Lim PE. Predominance of Wolbachia endosymbiont in the microbiota across life stages of Bactrocera latifrons (Insecta: Tephritidae). Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Yong HS, Song SL, Chua KO, Lim PE. High Diversity of Bacterial Communities in Developmental Stages of Bactrocera carambolae (Insecta: Tephritidae) Revealed by Illumina MiSeq Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene. Curr Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28642971 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera carambolae is a highly polyphagous fruit pest of agricultural importance. This study reports the bacterial communities associated with the developmental stages of B. carambolae. The microbiota of the developmental stages were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region) sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq. At 97% similarity, there were 19 bacterial phyla and unassigned bacteria, comprising 39 classes, 86 orders, 159 families and 311 genera. The bacterial composition varied among the specimens of developmental stage and across developmental stages as well as exuviae. Four phyla of bacteria (with relative abundance of ≥1% in at least one specimen)-Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria-were recovered from the larva, pupa, adult stages and exuviae. Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum in all the developmental stages as well as the exuviae. Enterobacteriaceae (Proteobacteria) was the predominant family in the adult flies while the family [Weeksellaceae] (Bacteroidetes) was predominant in the larval and pupal stages. Among the genera occurring in more than one developmental stage of B. carambolae, Erwinia was more abundant in the larval stage, Halomonas more abundant in adult female, Stenotrophomonas more abundant in adult male, and Chryseobacterium more abundant in the larval and pupal stages. The results indicate transmission of bacteria OTUs from immatures to the newly emerged adults, and from exuviae to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kah-Ooi Chua
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yong HS, Song SL, Lim PE, Eamsobhana P, Suana IW. Complete mitochondrial genome of Eurema blanda and phylogenetic relationship with its congener E. hecabe and other pierid butterflies. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Liu CM, Chen XT, Pan YY, Liang H, Song SL, Ji AG. Antitumor Studies of Earthworm Fibrinolytic Enzyme Component A from Eisenia foetida on Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7. Indian J Pharm Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Yong HS, Song SL, Suana IW, Eamsobhana P, Lim PE. Complete mitochondrial genome of Orthetrum dragonflies and molecular phylogeny of Odonata. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yong HS, Song SL, Eamsobhana P, Lim PE. Complete mitochondrial genome of Angiostrongylus malaysiensis lungworm and molecular phylogeny of Metastrongyloid nematodes. Acta Trop 2016; 161:33-40. [PMID: 27207134 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus malaysiensis is a nematode parasite of various rat species. When first documented in Malaysia, it was referred to as A. cantonensis. Unlike A. cantonensis, the complete mitochondrial genome of A. malaysiensis has not been documented. We report here its complete mitogenome, its differentiation from A. cantonensis, and the phylogenetic relationships with its congeners and other Metastrongyloid taxa. The whole mitogenome of A. malaysiensis had a total length of 13,516bp, comprising 36 genes (12 PCGs, 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA genes) and a control region. It is longer than that of A. cantonensis (13,509bp). Its control region had a long poly T-stretch of 12bp which was not present in A. cantonensis. A. malaysiensis and A. cantonensis had identical start codon for the 12 PCGs, but four PCGs (atp6, cob, nad2, nad6) had different stop codon. The cloverleaf structure for the 22 tRNAs was similar in A. malaysiensis and A. cantonensis except the TΨC-arm was absent in trnV for A. malaysiensis but present in A. cantonensis. The Angiostrongylus genus was monophyletic, with A. malaysiensis and A. cantonensis forming a distinct lineage from that of A. costaricensis and A. vasorum. The genetic distance between A. malaysiensis and A. cantonensis was p=11.9% based on 12 PCGs, p=9.5% based on 2 rRNA genes, and p=11.6% based on 14 mt-genes. The mitogenome will prove useful for studies on phylogenetics and systematics of Angiostrongylus lungworms and other Metastrongyloid nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Chancellery High Impact Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Chancellery High Impact Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yong HS, Song SL, Lim PE, Eamsobhana P, Suana IW. Differentiating sibling species of Zeugodacus caudatus (Insecta: Tephritidae) by complete mitochondrial genome. Genetica 2016; 144:513-521. [PMID: 27502829 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-016-9919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zeugodacus caudatus is a pest of pumpkin flowers. It has a Palearctic and Oriental distribution. We report here the complete mitochondrial genome of the Malaysian and Indonesian samples of Z. caudatus determined by next-generation sequencing of genomic DNA and determine their taxonomic status as sibling species and phylogeny with other taxa of the genus Zeugodacus. The whole mitogenome of both samples possessed 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes-PCGs, 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA genes) and a control region. The mitogenome of the Indonesian sample (15,885 bp) was longer than that of the Malaysian sample (15,866 bp). In both samples, TΨC-loop was absent in trnF and DHU-loop was absent in trnS1. Molecular phylogeny based on 13 PCGs was concordant with 15 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs and 2 rRNA genes), with the two samples of Z. caudatus forming a sister group and the genus Zeugodacus was monophyletic. The Malaysian and Indonesian samples of Z. caudatus have a genetic distance of p = 7.8 % based on 13 PCGs and p = 7.0 % based on 15 mitochondrial genes, indicating status of sibling species. They are proposed to be accorded specific status as members of a species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Chancellory High Impact Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Chancellory High Impact Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - I Wayan Suana
- Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia
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Yong HS, Song SL, Lim PE, Eamsobhana P, Tan J. Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of Microhyla butleri (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yong HS, Song SL, Lim PE, Eamsobhana P, Suana IW. Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Three Bactrocera Fruit Flies of Subgenus Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Their Phylogenetic Implications. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148201. [PMID: 26840430 PMCID: PMC4739531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bactrocera latifrons is a serious pest of solanaceous fruits and Bactrocera umbrosa is a pest of Artocarpus fruits, while Bactrocera melastomatos infests the fruit of Melastomataceae. They are members of the subgenus Bactrocera. We report here the complete mitochondrial genome of these fruit flies determined by next-generation sequencing and their phylogeny with other taxa of the subgenus Bactrocera. The whole mitogenomes of these three species possessed 37 genes namely, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA genes. The mitogenome of B. latifrons (15,977 bp) was longer than those of B. melastomatos (15,954 bp) and B. umbrosa (15,898 bp). This difference can be attributed to the size of the intergenic spacers (283 bp in B. latifrons, 261 bp in B. melastomatos, and 211 bp in B. umbrosa). Most of the PCGs in the three species have an identical start codon, except for atp8 (adenosine triphosphate synthase protein 8), which had an ATG instead of GTG in B. umbrosa, whilst the nad3 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3) and nad6 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6) genes were characterized by an ATC instead of ATT in B. melastomatos. The three species had identical stop codon for the respective PCGs. In B. latifrons and B. melastomatos, the TΨC (thymidine-pseudouridine-cytidine)-loop was absent in trnF (phenylalanine) and DHU (dihydrouracil)-loop was absent in trnS1 (serine S1). In B. umbrosa, trnN (asparagine), trnC (cysteine) and trnF lacked the TψC-loop, while trnS1 lacked the DHU-stem. Molecular phylogeny based on 13 PCGs was in general concordant with 15 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs and 2 rRNA genes), with B. latifrons and B. umbrosa forming a sister group basal to the other species of the subgenus Bactrocera which was monophyletic. The whole mitogenomes will serve as a useful dataset for studying the genetics, systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the many species of Bactrocera genus in particular, and tephritid fruit flies in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Chancellory High Impact Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (H-SY); (S-LS); (P-EL)
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Chancellory High Impact Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (H-SY); (S-LS); (P-EL)
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (H-SY); (S-LS); (P-EL)
| | - Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - I. Wayan Suana
- Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia
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Yong HS, Song SL, Eamsobhana P, Goh SY, Lim PE. Complete mitochondrial genome reveals genetic diversity of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae). Acta Trop 2015; 152:157-164. [PMID: 26348256 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic parasite that causes eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Earlier work on its mitochondrial genome was based on long polymerase chain reaction method. To date, only the mitogenome of the isolates from China has been studied. We report here the complete mitogenome of the Thailand isolate based on next generation sequencing and compare the genetic diversity with other isolates. The mitogenome of the Thailand isolate (13,519bp) is longer than those of the China isolates (13,497-13,502bp). Five protein-coding genes (atp6, cox1, cox2, cob, nad2) show variations in length among the isolates. The stop codon of the Thailand isolate differs from the China and Taiwan isolates in 4 genes (atp6, cob, nad2, nad6). Additionally, the Thailand isolate has 4 incomplete T stop codon compared to 3 in the China and Taiwan isolates. The control region is longer in the Thailand isolate (258bp) than the China (230-236bp) and Taiwan (237bp) isolates. The intergenic sequence between nad4 and cox1 genes in the Thailand isolate lacks 2bp (indels) at the 5'-end of the sequence as well as differs at 7 other sites compared to the China and Taiwan isolates. In the Thailand isolate, 18 tRNAs lack the entire TΨC-arm, compared to 17 in the China isolate and 16 in the Taiwan isolate. Phylogenetic analyses based on 36 mt-genes, 12 PCGs, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and control region all indicate closer genetic affinity between the China and Taiwan isolates compared to the Thailand isolate. Based on 36 mt-genes, the inter-isolate genetic distance varies from p=3.2% between China and Taiwan isolates to p=11.6% between Thailand and China isolates. The mitogenome will be useful for population, phylogenetics and phylogeography studies.
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Yong HS, Song SL, Lim PE, Chan KG, Chow WL, Eamsobhana P. Complete mitochondrial genome of Bactrocera arecae (Insecta: Tephritidae) by next-generation sequencing and molecular phylogeny of Dacini tribe. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15155. [PMID: 26472633 PMCID: PMC4607999 DOI: 10.1038/srep15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The whole mitochondrial genome of the pest fruit fly Bactrocera arecae was obtained from next-generation sequencing of genomic DNA. It had a total length of 15,900 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a non-coding region (A + T-rich control region). The control region (952 bp) was flanked by rrnS and trnI genes. The start codons included 6 ATG, 3 ATT and 1 each of ATA, ATC, GTG and TCG. Eight TAA, two TAG, one incomplete TA and two incomplete T stop codons were represented in the protein-coding genes. The cloverleaf structure for trnS1 lacked the D-loop, and that of trnN and trnF lacked the TΨC-loop. Molecular phylogeny based on 13 protein-coding genes was concordant with 37 mitochondrial genes, with B. arecae having closest genetic affinity to B. tryoni. The subgenus Bactrocera of Dacini tribe and the Dacinae subfamily (Dacini and Ceratitidini tribes) were monophyletic. The whole mitogenome of B. arecae will serve as a useful dataset for studying the genetics, systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the many species of Bactrocera genus in particular, and tephritid fruit flies in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Chancellery High Impact Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Chancellery High Impact Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Chancellery High Impact Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan-Loo Chow
- Science Vision Sdn Bhd, Setia Avenue, 33A-4 Jalan Setia Prima S, U13/S, Setia Alam, Seksyen U13, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Yong HS, Eamsobhana P, Song SL, Prasartvit A, Lim PE. Molecular phylogeography of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) and genetic relationships with congeners using cytochrome b gene marker. Acta Trop 2015; 148:66-71. [PMID: 25930187 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important emerging zoonotic parasite causing human eosinophilic meningitis (or meningoencephalitis) in many parts of the world. To-date there is only a single study using mitochondrial cytochrome b (CYTB) gene to determine its genetic structure in eight geographical localities in Thailand. The present study examined the molecular phylogeography of this rat lungworm and its phylogenetic relationship with congeners using CYTB gene marker. A total of 15 CYTB haplotypes was found in 37 sequences from 14 geographical localities (covering north, west, east, central and south regions) in Thailand. These CYTB haplotypes were distinct from those of A. cantonensis for China and Hawaii. In Thailand, some CYTB haplotypes appeared to be confined to specific geographical localities. The partial CYTB DNA nucleotide sequences separated unequivocally the A. cantonensis isolates of Thailand, China and Hawaii as well as the congeners Angiostrongylus malaysiensis, A. costaricensis and Angiostrongylus vasorum, with A. malaysiensis grouped with A. cantonensis and A. costaricensis grouped with A. vasorum. Likewise the congeners of Metastrongylus and Onchocerca genera could also be clearly differentiated. The present study added two new definitive hosts (Bandicota savilei and Rattus losea) and three new localities (Mae Hong Son in the north, Tak in the west, and Phang Nga in the south) for A. malaysiensis in Thailand, indicating its wide occurrence in the country. Three CYTB haplotypes were found in the Thailand samples of A. malaysiensis. In addition to differentiation of congeners, CYTB gene marker could be used for determining the genetic diversity of a given population/taxon.
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Yong HS, Lim PE, Tan J, Song SL, Suana IW, Eamsobhana P. Multigene Phylogeography of Bactrocera caudata (Insecta: Tephritidae): Distinct Genetic Lineages in Northern and Southern Hemispheres. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129455. [PMID: 26090853 PMCID: PMC4474862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bactrocera caudata is a pest of pumpkin flower. Specimens of B. caudata from the northern hemisphere (mainland Asia) and southern hemisphere (Indonesia) were analysed using the partial DNA sequences of the nuclear 28S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS-2) genes, and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) and 16S rRNA genes. The COI, COII, 16S rDNA and concatenated COI+COII+16S and COI+COII+16S+28S+ITS-2 nucleotide sequences revealed that B. caudata from the northern hemisphere (Peninsular Malaysia, East Malaysia, Thailand) was distinctly different from the southern hemisphere (Indonesia: Java, Bali and Lombok), without common haplotype between them. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clades (northern and southern hemispheres), indicating distinct genetic lineage. The uncorrected ‘p’ distance for the concatenated COI+COII+16S nucleotide sequences between the taxa from the northern and southern hemispheres (‘p’ = 4.46-4.94%) was several folds higher than the ‘p’ distance for the taxa in the northern hemisphere (‘p’ = 0.00-0.77%) and the southern hemisphere (‘p’ = 0.00%). This distinct difference was also reflected by concatenated COI+COII+16S+28S+ITS-2 nucleotide sequences with an uncorrected 'p' distance of 2.34-2.69% between the taxa of northern and southern hemispheres. In accordance with the type locality the Indonesian taxa belong to the nominal species. Thus the taxa from the northern hemisphere, if they were to constitute a cryptic species of the B. caudata species complex based on molecular data, need to be formally described as a new species. The Thailand and Malaysian B. caudata populations in the northern hemisphere showed distinct genetic structure and phylogeographic pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Chancellory High Impact Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (HSY); (PEL)
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (HSY); (PEL)
| | - Ji Tan
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, 31900 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Chancellory High Impact Research, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I Wayan Suana
- Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Praphathip Eamsobhana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Song SL, Lim PE, Phang SM, Lee WW, Hong DD, Prathep A. Development of chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) for the intraspecific study of Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from different populations. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:77. [PMID: 24490797 PMCID: PMC3922622 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gracilaria tenuistipitata is an agarophyte with substantial economic potential because of its high growth rate and tolerance to a wide range of environment factors. This red seaweed is intensively cultured in China for the production of agar and fodder for abalone. Microsatellite markers were developed from the chloroplast genome of G. tenuistipitata var. liui to differentiate G. tenuistipitata obtained from six different localities: four from Peninsular Malaysia, one from Thailand and one from Vietnam. Eighty G. tenuistipitata specimens were analyzed using eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer-pairs that we developed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Findings Five mononucleotide primer-pairs and one trinucleotide primer-pair exhibited monomorphic alleles, whereas the other two primer-pairs separated the G. tenuistipitata specimens into two main clades. G. tenuistipitata from Thailand and Vietnam were grouped into one clade, and the populations from Batu Laut, Middle Banks and Kuah (Malaysia) were grouped into another clade. The combined dataset of these two primer-pairs separated G. tenuistipitata obtained from Kelantan, Malaysia from that obtained from other localities. Conclusions Based on the variations in repeated nucleotides of microsatellite markers, our results suggested that the populations of G. tenuistipitata were distributed into two main geographical regions: (i) populations in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and (ii) populations facing the South China Sea. The correct identification of G. tenuistipitata strains with traits of high economic potential will be advantageous for the mass cultivation of seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Abstract
Using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura-2, we demonstrated that, in a single NG108-15 cell, acute repetitive challenge with leucine-enkephalin (EK) results in a gradual reduction of the increase of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) at agonist exposure times of 90 s or less; increasing the EK exposure time of each challenge from 30 to 90 s results in greater desensitization, with complete desensitization occurring at 90 s exposure. Similar results are seen with ATP. In opioid-desensitized cells, bradykinin can still induce a marked [Ca2+]i increase, while exposure of desensitized cell to 50 mM K+ restores the response EK-induced, suggesting a role of intracellular Ca2+ stores in the desensitization process. Pretreatment of cells with certain protein kinase inhibitors, including N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (HA1004) and staurosporine, prevented desensitization, while others, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7) and {1-[N, O-bis-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-l-tyrosyl]-4-phenyl-piperazine (KN-62), had no effect. In contrast, activation of protein kinase C by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate promoted desensitization. Thus, the desensitization is dependent on protein phosphorylation. HA1004 alone did not alter EK- or bradykinin-induced inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) generation; however, the inhibitory effect of calyculin A on EK- or bradykinin-induced IP3 generation was reversed by HA1004. In addition, in the presence of HA1004, the blockade of Ca2+ influx by either verapamil or removal of extracellular Ca2+ or the depletion of Ca2+ pools by thapsigargin still led to desensitization, suggesting that phosphorylation does not alter the activity of the Ca2+ transporters involved in Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release. Our results imply that emptying of intracellular Ca2+ stores and protein phosphorylation in the phospholipase C signaling pathway play roles in the process of desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Prior treatment of NG108-15 cells with phosphatase inhibitors including okadaic acid and calyculin A inhibited the elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) induced by bradykinin by approximately 63%. This inhibition was dependent on the concentration of okadaic acid with an IC50 of 0.15 nM. Okadaic acid treatment only lowered the maximal response of [Ca2+]i increase and had no effect on the EC50 value for bradykinin regardless of the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Neither the capacity of 45Ca2+ accumulation within intracellular nonmitochondrial Ca2+ stores nor the magnitude of [Ca2+]i increase induced by thapsigargin was reduced by the treatment of okadaic acid. In contrast, the same phosphatase inhibitor treatment inhibited the bradykinin-evoked inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) generation, the Mn2+ influx, and the capacity of mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation. Furthermore, the sensitivity of IP3 in the Ca2+ release was suppressed by okadaic acid pretreatment. Our results suggest that the reduction of bradykinin-induced [Ca2+]i rise by the promotion of protein phosphorylation was attributed to the reduced activity of phospholipase C, the decreased sensitivity to IP3, and the slowed rate of Ca2+ influx. Thus, phosphorylation plays a role in bradykinin-sensitive Ca2+ signaling cascade in NG108-15 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
The effect of replacement of extracellular Na+ with N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMG) on P2 receptor signaling pathways was investigated in dibutyryl cyclic AMP-differentiated NG108-15, cells. Benzoylbenzoic ATP (BzATP) dose-dependently increased the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with an EC50 value of 230 microM. Replacement of Na+ with NMG as well as removal of Mg2+ from the bathing buffer potentiated ethidium bromide uptake, [Ca2+]i increase, and 45Ca2+ uptake in response to ATP or BzATP. In contrast, in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+ to limit the amount of ATP4-, replacement of Na+ with NMG had no effect on the ATP-induced [Ca2+]i increase but caused a markedly larger [Ca2+]i increase when the calculated concentration of ATP4- was > 10 microM. The calculated EC50 value for ATP4- stimulation of the [Ca2+]i increase was 23 microM in NG108-15 cells. In vascular smooth muscle cells, intracellular Ca2+ release was the major pathway for the ATP-induced [Ca2+]i increase; both removal of Mg2+ and replacement of Na+ with NMG did not affect the action of ATP. These data suggest that ATP(4-)-promoted pores are antagonized by Na+ and Mg2+ in dibutyryl cyclic AMP-differentiated NG108-15 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Song SL, Chueh SH. P2 purinoceptor-mediated inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation in NG108-15 cells. Brain Res 1996; 734:243-51. [PMID: 8896831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells, P2 purinoceptor agonists inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation with distinct selectivities and their activities could be partially reversed by P2 purinoceptor antagonists. The rank order of potency in inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation was UTP > 2 methylthio-ATP (MeSATP) > benzoylbenzoic ATP (BzATP) = alpha, beta-methylene ATP (AMPCPP) > beta, gamma-methylene ATP (AMPPCP) > ATP > ADP > adenosine 5'-thiotriphosphate (ATP gamma S). Neither adenosine nor AMP caused any inhibitory effect on cyclic AMP accumulation. Pertussis toxin treatment of cells attenuated the inhibitory effect of UTP, MeSATP and ATP on cyclic AMP accumulation whereas it had no effect on the BzATP-induced response. In addition, P2-purinoceptor-mediated inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation was insensitive to cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. The breakdown of cyclic AMP was enhanced by MeSATP but not by the addition of ATP, UTP and BzATP. Our results suggest that a pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi signalling pathway is directly coupled to the occupancy of P2u and P2y receptors in NG108-15 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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39
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Abstract
Leucine-enkephalin (Leu-EK) dose-dependently elicited an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with an EC50 of 1.2 microM via the phosphoinositide cascade in NG108-15 cells. Chronic treatment of cells with [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin caused time-dependent homologous desensitization. In the presence of extracellular Ca2+, ATP as well as bradykinin stimulated significantly higher increases in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) generation than did Leu-EK; however, the magnitude of intracellular Ca2+ pools increased after ATP stimulation, whereas bradykinin depleted intracellular pools. Hence, cells lost their [Ca2+]i response to Leu-EK if bradykinin was first added to induce a [Ca2+]i increase, whereas the response was unchanged if Leu-EK was added after addition of ATP. When Leu-EK was added simultaneously with bradykinin or ATP, an additive response was observed in IP3 generation; however, the rise in [Ca2+]i reached the same level as that induced by bradykinin or ATP alone. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+ in which the replenishment of intracellular pools was not possible, ATP displayed an inhibitory effect similar to that of bradykinin on the Leu-EK-induced [Ca2+]i increase. Prior treatment of cells with Leu-EK slightly heterologously desensitized the action of bradykinin, but had no effect on the ATP response. Our results suggest that a shared intracellular Ca2+ pool is sensitive to the opioid, bradykinin and P2-purinoceptor agonists; however, a defined pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or a specific phospholipase C is responsible for each receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- University of Southern California School of Medicine, Pacemaker Center, Los Angeles
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Chueh SH, Hsu LS, Song SL. Two distinct ATP signaling mechanisms in differentiated neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells. Mol Pharmacol 1994; 45:532-9. [PMID: 7511780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP signaling mechanism in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells differentiated by exposure to dibutyryl-cAMP was characterized. In cells loaded with fura-2, ATP rapidly raised the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i); the magnitude of the rise was inversely proportional to the extracellular Na+ concentration. Large increases in cytosolic Na+ concentration, measured with the fluorescent Na+ indicator sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate, were dose-dependently elicited by ATP. ATP also evoked the entry of ethidium bromide into cells, and this process was inhibited by Mg2+. Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) generation induced by ATP was totally blocked by removal of extracellular Ca2+, but residual IP3 generation still remained in nondifferentiated cells. In addition, ATP produced a concentration-, time-, and Mg(2+)-dependent biphasic uptake of 45Ca2+. A range of nucleotides and ATP analogues, including CTP, UTP, and GTP, induced only 9-29% of the ATP response. However, adenosine 5'-thiotriphosphate evoked 79% of ATP-induced 45Ca2+ uptake. 45Ca2+ uptake elicited by ATP could be potently blocked by purinoceptor antagonists, but other tested reagents less effectively blocked the action of ATP. When bradykinin was used as an agonist, the [Ca2+]i rise was transient and was insensitive to the extracellular Na+ concentration. Na+ influx, entry of ethidium bromide, and 45Ca2+ uptake were unaffected by bradykinin. Furthermore, bradykinin-evoked IP3 generation was insensitive to extracellular Ca2+. Neither ATP nor bradykinin had any effect on cAMP levels within cells. These data suggest that ATP induces a [Ca2+]i rise in differentiated NG108-15 cells via two distinct Ca2+ influx mechanisms, i.e., a receptor-operated cation channel and pores formed by ATP4-. These mechanisms are distinct from those elicited by bradykinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Song SL. Performance of implantable cardiac rhythm management devices. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1994; 17:131-3. [PMID: 7511228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1994.tb01360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- University of Southern California School of Medicine, Pacemaker Center, Los Angeles
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Song SL. Performance of implantable cardiac rhythm management devices. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1993; 16:2075-7. [PMID: 7694259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1993.tb01008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- University of Southern California School of Medicine, Pacemaker Center, Los Angeles
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Song SL. Performance of implantable cardiac rhythm management devices. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1993; 16:1485-7. [PMID: 7689217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1993.tb01746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- University of Southern California School of Medicine, Pacemaker Center, Los Angeles
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- University of Southern California School of Medicine, Pacemaker Center, Los Angeles
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- University of Southern California School of Medicine, Pacemaker Center, Los Angeles
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- University of Southern California School of Medicine, Pacemaker Center, Los Angeles
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) currently undergoing clinical investigation incorporate antitachycardia pacing capabilities, but little is known about their effect on patient selection and outcome. The Bilitch registry database was reviewed to compare the 1,553 patients who initially received standard devices with the 242 patients initially implanted with antitachycardia pacing ICDs (ANT). Baseline characteristics including mean age, ejection fraction, sex, type of cardiac disease, and percent presenting with sudden cardiac death were reviewed. Cumulative first shock occurrence and survival from arrhythmic and all cause mortality were calculated for the two groups. RESULTS Patient characteristics were similar in the two groups except that the ANT population had a greater male predominance and initially presented with a lower sudden cardiac death incidence (P < 0.05). Cumulative occurrence of first shock was significantly lower in the ANT group up to 24 months of follow-up (28% vs 36%, P < 0.05). ANT group survival from arrhythmic death (99% vs 96%) and all cause mortality (89% vs 94%) was significantly higher at 24 months of follow-up (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of antitachycardia pacing to ICD therapy appears to significantly limit the occurrence of first ICD shock without adversely affecting mortality in a patient population similar to those implanted with standard ICDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Gross
- Pacemaker Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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49
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Abstract
The Bilitch ICD Registry includes 1,869 patients from 13 medical centers enrolled between March 1982 and April 1992. Of these, 95 patients had their units removed and not immediately replaced (77 males/18 females mean age 54.9 +/- 13.0 years, range 10-76). The mean duration of implanted ICD was 19.5 +/- 18.2 months, mean ejection fraction 30.1 +/- 11.7%. Coronary artery disease was present in 55 patients, absent in 30, and unknown in 10. The presenting clinical event was sudden death in 35 patients, symptomatic ventricular tachycardia in 34, other causes in 6, and unknown in 20. Reasons for ICD removal were: infection in 33 patients, cardiac transplant in 32, elective in 20, following battery depletion in 7, lead system failure in 2, and inappropriate shock in 1. Of all groups who had their ICD removed, the patients who had removal for cardiac transplantation had the highest incidence of appropriate ICD discharges while the device was implanted (43.8%). Of the 63 nontransplanted patients seven were lost to follow-up while alive. Of the 56 remaining, 17 died (1 cause unknown, 6 noncardiac, 3 sudden, 1 arrhythmic, 6 nonsudden nonarrhythmic cardiac death), 7 had an ICD reimplanted, and 32 are alive and well without an ICD. Follow-up for the 32 cardiac transplant patients: 2 were lost to follow-up while alive, 2 died of nonsudden nonarrhythmic death, and 28 are alive and well. The survival of patients who had their ICD removed and not reimplanted was not different from that of patients who never had their ICD removed up to 2 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Kawanishi
- University of Southern California School of Medicine, Pacemaker Center, Los Angeles 90033
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Song SL. Performance of implantable cardiac rhythm management devices. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1992; 15:1540-2. [PMID: 1383968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1992.tb02931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S L Song
- University of Southern California School of Medicine, Pacemaker Center, Los Angeles
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