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Vasileiadis GK, Fatima T, Maglio C. POS0037 MULTIVARIABLE MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION STUDY ON BMI-ADJUSTED LINK BETWEEN ADIPONECTIN AND RISK OF DEVELOPING RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundCompelling evidence suggests that adiponectin is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, a recent Mendelian randomization (MR) study in Europeans has shown that adiponectin does not have a causal role in the development of RA1.ObjectivesAs body-mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for RA2 and subjects with high BMI have lower circulating levels of adiponectin, we specifically aimed to perform a multivariable MR in both European and East Asian populations to determine if adiponectin has a causal effect on RA development independently of BMI.MethodsWe performed a range of two-sample, univariable, MR analyses to assess the causal effect of adiponectin on RA in European and East Asian individuals. Two different sets (12 in Europeans and 5 in East Asians) of adiponectin-related genetic variants were used as instruments for genetically determined adiponectin levels, to calculate its causal effect on RA risk. Multivariable MR was performed to calculate the effect of adiponectin on RA risk after adjustment for BMI.ResultsUnivariable MR did not provide evidence of a causal relationship between circulating adiponectin levels and RA risk in both European (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.87-1.31; p=0.59) and East Asian (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.91 – 1.19; p=0.54) individuals (Figure 1). Similarly, there was no evidence of a causal effect of adiponectin on RA in both European (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.78 – 1.22; p=0.81) and East Asian (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.72 – 1.31; p=0.85) populations after adding BMI as a confounder in the multivariable MR model (Figure 1).Figure 1.Forest plot of the causal effects of adiponectin-associated genetic variants on rheumatoid arthritis after adjustment for body mass index in a multivariable mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Shown are European (EUR) and East Asian (EAS) populations. An Odds Ratio (OR) is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome, in which the OR represents the likelihood that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the likelihood of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure. Statistical analyses were performed with the use of inverse-variance weighted (IVW) estimate, MR-Egger regression weighted median analysis.ConclusionThis MR study does not support a causal effect of genetically determined adiponectin levels on the risk of developing RA in both European and East Asian populations. By using multivariable MR to account for possible shared genetic predictors between circulating adiponectin levels and BMI we have shown that circulating adiponectin is not causally linked to RA risk after adjustment for BMI.References[1]Chen, H. et al. No Causal Association Between Adiponectin and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Frontiers in Genetics 12, doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.670282 (2021).[2]Bae, S. C. & Lee, Y. H. Causal association between body mass index and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: A Mendelian randomization study. European journal of clinical investigation 49, e13076, doi:10.1111/eci.13076 (2019).AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Maria Nethander, Jari Martikainen and Malin Östensson from the Bioinformatics Core Facility at the Sahlgrenska Academy for bioinformatics. We would also like to thank all study participants who agreed to have their DNA used for genetic testing and all the people involved in the study consortia who made their data publicly available.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Fatima T, Borné Y, Dehlin M, Burgess S, Mason A, Jacobsson LTH, Kapetanovic MC. POS0295 NO CAUSAL EFFECTS OF GENETICALLY DETERMINED SERUM URATE LEVELS ON THE RISK OF ALL-CAUSE AND SITE-SPECIFIC CANCER: A MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Positive associations between urate levels and gout and the risk of some cancer types (urogenital, prostate, gastrointestinal and lung) have been reported in a number of observational studies; however, whether the relationship is causal remains uncertain.Objectives:The study aim was to evaluate a causal effect of genetically determined serum urate (SU) concentrations on cancer risks (overall and major cancer types) in individuals with European ancestry using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses design.Methods:We used the individual-level data from two population-based Swedish cohorts including middle-aged subjects (mean follow-up = 21.2 years), Malmö Diet Cancer and Malmö Preventive Project (MDC/MPP), for one-sample MR setting. Data from a total of 17,597 individuals (n = 17,597 for SU at baseline, diagnoses during follow-up: 5659 for all-cause, 516 for bladder, 545 for lung, 791 for bowel, 1521 for prostate and 729 for breast cancer) was included. For two-sample MR, summary-statistic data for SU was obtained from Global Urate Genetic Consortium (GUGC: n = 110,347), while UK-Biobank data was employed for several major cancer outcomes (n = 36,815 for all-cause, 2,245 for bladder, 2,590 for lung, 4,488 for bowel, 6,474 for prostate and 10,274 for breast cancer). The definitions for cancer endpoints were matched for ICD9 and 10 codes between MDC/MPP and UK-Biobank cohorts. For both MR settings, a set of 26 urate-associated single nucleotide variants was selected to build-up the SU instrument (SU-instr) to test for a causal effect of SU on cancer outcomes. Statistical analysis, adjusted for age and sex, was done using multiple conventional MR methodologies and MR package in R (v4.0.2). A p < 0.05 was designated as statistically significant.Results:We found no causal effect of our SU-instr on neither all-cause nor site-specific cancer across all MR analyses (all p > 0.05). In MDC/MPP, SU-instr did not show a causal effect on the risk of all-cause [OR = 1.06, p = 0.32], bladder [OR = 0.96, p = 0.84], lung [OR = 1.26, p = 0.17], bowel [OR = 0.96, p = 0.81], prostate [OR = 1.05, p = 0.62], and breast [OR = 0.99, p = 0.98] cancer. Similar findings were made in the two-sample settings. Detailed results are provided in Table 1.Conclusion:Our MR study, using a series of causal inference approaches, does not support a causal effect of genetically determined SU for major cancer outcomes. There is no evidence to support changing SU levels by lifestyle or pharmacological intervention to attenuate the risk of major cancer types.Table 1.Results from a range of MR analyses for causal effect of SU on cancer risk in MDC/MPP (one-sample MR) and GUGC and UK-Biobank (two-sample MR) cohortsOne-sample MRCancer typeIVW2SLSGRSOR(95% CI)p-causalp-HetOR(95% CI)p-causalOR(95% CI)p-causalBladder0.96(0.68; 1.36)0.840.550.99(0.70; 1.42)0.990.94(0.67; 1.34)0.76Lung1.26(0.90; 1.77)0.170.891.29(0.91; 1.82)0.141.26(0.90; 1.77)0.17Bowel0.96(0.72; 1.28)0.810.440.95(0.72; 1.27)0.770.97(0.73; 1.28)0.83Prostate1.05(0.84; 1.31)0.620.841.04(0.83; 1.30)0.721.04(0.83; 1.30)0.69Breast0.99(0.74; 1.33)0.980.110.98(0.73; 1.32)0.920.98(0.73; 1.32)0.94All-cause1.06(0.93; 1.21)0.320.61.07(0.94; 1.21)0.281.07(0.94; 1.21)0.29Two-sample MRCancer typeIVWWeighted medianMR-EggerOR(95% CI)p-causalp-HetOR(95% CI)p-causalOR(95% CI)p-causalBladder1.02(0.88; 2.16)0.770.361.03(0.86; 2.10)0.71.03(0.83; 2.13)0.75Lung0.86(0.73; 1.08)0.070.040.86(0.73; 1.09)0.090.84(0.66; 1.16)0.15Bowel0.82(0.69; 1.02)0.03< 0.00010.89(0.78; 1.06)0.060.92(0.72;1.67)0.52Prostate1.00(0.91; 2.64)0.970.720.98(0.88; 2.17)0.770.94(0.83; 1.45)0.37Breast0.97(0.88; 1.95)0.670.00021.00(0.91; 2.70)0.990.95(0.81; 1.59)0.46All-cause0.96(0.90; 1.20)0.18< 0.00010.97(0.92; 1.23)0.210.93(0.86; 1.12)0.11OR; odds ratio, 95% CI; 95% confidence interval, IVW; Inverse variance weighted method, 2SLS; two-stage least square, GRS; genetic risk score, p-Het; p-value for heterogeneity.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Arfan M, Tahira A, Mannan A, Fatima T. A Facile Approach to the Synthesis of Benzothiazoles from N-Protected Amino Acids. Russ J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Baqir MA, Farmani A, Fatima T, Raza MR, Shaukat SF, Mir A. Nanoscale, tunable, and highly sensitive biosensor utilizing hyperbolic metamaterials in the near-infrared range. Appl Opt 2018; 57:9447-9454. [PMID: 30461991 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.009447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of research in recent years has been reported on biosensing in the surface plasmon resonant systems. However, very little research has reported a tunable and highly sensitive biosensor in a nanoscale platform. In this regard, we propose a nanoscale hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM)-based prism coupled waveguide sensor (PCWS) in the near-infrared range. The HMM layer makes up one of the constituents of the PCWS-comprised of a periodically arranged assembly of silver nanostrips. The structure is numerically simulated by the finite difference time domain method. It is demonstrated that the sensitivity of the reflected light can be tuned through the refractive index (RI) of the solution. Moreover, the effects of alteration of constituents of PCWS on the sensitivity have been analyzed. Results show that the sensitivity of PCWS can be harnessed by altering the thickness, slant angle of HMM layer, volume fraction (f) of metal in the HMM layer, and the incidence angle of light. For this purpose, the structure is numerically simulated by the finite difference time domain method. In the optimum design of the proposed sensor, the maximum value of sensitivity is achieved as high as S=3450 nm/refractive index unit with θ=10° and ϕ=10° and a metamaterial thickness of 250 nm. Moreover, the structure has a nanoscale footprint of 600 nm×400 nm×200 nm.
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Rahman AU, Bashir M, Kaleem S, Fatima T. Isolation, Structure and Oxidative Fragmentation of 16-epi-19-S-Vindolinine – an Alkaloid from the Leaves of Catharanthus roseus. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1984-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new alkaloid has been isolated from the leaves of Catharanthus roseus. Spectroscopic and degradative studies have established its structure to be 16-epi-19-S-vindolinine
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta-ur Rahman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry University of Karachi, Karachi-32/Pakistan
| | - M. Bashir
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry University of Karachi, Karachi-32/Pakistan
| | - S. Kaleem
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry University of Karachi, Karachi-32/Pakistan
| | - T. Fatima
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry University of Karachi, Karachi-32/Pakistan
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Malik T, Haleem D, Hasan S, Pervez S, Fatima T. P3.020 Protective effects of Nigella sativa on the neuronal alterations of the striatum induced by haloperidol. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium isolated from an infant and the powder milk as well as from three different epidemiologically unrelated patients had the same biochemical reactions, antibiogram, serotype and all were non-typable by phage typing. The clonal nature of epidemiologically related isolates was established by SDS PAGE analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Khan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Suleman M, Fatima T. Epidemiology of head lice infestation in school children at Peshawar, Pakistan. J Trop Med Hyg 1988; 91:323-32. [PMID: 3204648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An epidemiological survey of head lice infestation among school children at Peshawar (Pakistan) was conducted from April to December 1986. Lice were detected by visual inspection and combing of the head. A total sample of 2287 students (1499 girls, 788 boys) aged 8-16 years from six schools revealed an overall prevalence of 46%, with girls showing a higher infestation rate (49%) than the boys (40%). The infestation in girls was more common in one of the three girls' schools surveyed, while in boys it did not differ significantly among different schools. The prevalence decreased as a linear function of age in both sexes. Pediculosis was directly related to hair length, and the rate of decrease with age was uniform in the three hair length categories compared. The infestation was directly related to crowding at home, and was negatively associated with dandruff. Like prevalence, the degree of infestation was higher in girls than in boys and decreased linearly with age in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suleman
- Zoology Department, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
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Al-Hassan JM, Ali M, Thomson M, Fatima T, Gubler CJ, Criddle RS. Prostaglandin associated mortality following intravenous injection of catfish epidermal secretions in rabbits. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1987; 28:95-102. [PMID: 3475731 DOI: 10.1016/0262-1746(87)90050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of soluble protein extracts from epidermal gel secretions of the catfish, Arius thalassinus, was examined in rabbits. Intravenous injections containing doses as low as 2 mg protein/kg body weight caused mortality in all animals tested. An increase in plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto PGF1 alpha) were observed following injections. Both the mortality and prostaglandin release were prevented by pretreatment of rabbits with either indomethacin or hydrocortisone. A similar indomethacin sensitive induction of prostaglandin release was noted following the in vitro treatment of arterial tissue sections with gel. Lethality appears to result from gel substances stimulating phospholipase activity to yield arachidonic acid, which is then metabolized to give toxic levels of prostaglandins.
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Abstract
The leaves and stems of T. JASMINOIDES have been found to contain indole alkaloids. Five indole alkaloids, coronaridine, voacangine, apparicine, conoflorine, and 19-epi-voacangarine have been isolated. The (13)C-NMR spectra of apparicine and 19-epi-voacangarine are also reported.
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Al-Hassan JM, Afzal M, Ali M, Thomson M, Fatima T, Fayad S, Criddle RS. Lipid composition of the epidermal gel secretion from the Arabian Gulf catfish (Arius thalassinus Ruppell). Comp Biochem Physiol B 1986; 85:41-7. [PMID: 3769458 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(86)90218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipids associated with a threat induced epidermal gel secretion from the catfish, Arius thalassinus, have been analyzed. Phospholipids, neutral lipids and glycolipids are all present and each of these subclasses has been analyzed by thin layer and gas chromatography with a general similarity with membrane lipids being noted. The epidermal gel lipids differed from total liver lipids of the catfish. Fatty acid analysis showed the gel lipid to be rich in the unsaturated fatty acids: oleate (omega 7, C18:1), arachidonate (omega 6, C20:4), and docosahexaenoate (omega 3, C22:6). Some prostaglandins were quantitated in lipid extracts from the epidermal gel.
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Al-Hassan JM, Ali M, Thomson M, Fatima T, Gubler CJ. Toxic effects of the soluble skin secretion from the Arabian Gulf catfish (Arius thallasinus, Ruppell) on plasma and liver enzyme levels. Toxicon 1985; 23:532-4. [PMID: 4024149 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(85)90039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Injection of skin toxin into the marginal ear vein of rabbits resulted in acute respiratory distress and convulsive movements, followed by death within 7 min. Significant increases in total plasma lactate dehydrogenase and the hepatic and cardiac derived isozymes and in glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activities were observed in animals receiving toxin. Lower doses of toxin increase the survival time and enzyme levels in plasma. Skin toxin produces a time dependent toxic effect on the liver and heart.
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Abstract
Female rabbits were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with purified flavoglaucin from Aspergillus chevalieri. After 2 h the rabbits were bled and the livers removed for enzyme assays. No changes were found for plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isozymes or liver transketolase (TK) activities. A small but not statistically significant increase was found in plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity. A highly significant increase in plasma glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase activity was observed along with an increase in liver LDH which was, however, not quite significant. The liver also showed some histological evidence of hepatic damage.
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