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Galluzzi S, Marizzoni M, Babiloni C, Albani D, Antelmi L, Bagnoli C, Bartres-Faz D, Cordone S, Didic M, Farotti L, Fiedler U, Forloni G, Girtler N, Hensch T, Jovicich J, Leeuwis A, Marra C, Molinuevo JL, Nobili F, Pariente J, Parnetti L, Payoux P, Del Percio C, Ranjeva JP, Rolandi E, Rossini PM, Schönknecht P, Soricelli A, Tsolaki M, Visser PJ, Wiltfang J, Richardson JC, Bordet R, Blin O, Frisoni GB. Clinical and biomarker profiling of prodromal Alzheimer's disease in workpackage 5 of the Innovative Medicines Initiative PharmaCog project: a 'European ADNI study'. J Intern Med 2016; 279:576-91. [PMID: 26940242 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the validation of biomarkers for early AD diagnosis and for use as a surrogate outcome in AD clinical trials is of considerable research interest. OBJECTIVE To characterize the clinical profile and genetic, neuroimaging and neurophysiological biomarkers of prodromal AD in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients enrolled in the IMI WP5 PharmaCog (also referred to as the European ADNI study). METHODS A total of 147 aMCI patients were enrolled in 13 European memory clinics. Patients underwent clinical and neuropsychological evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG) and lumbar puncture to assess the levels of amyloid β peptide 1-42 (Aβ42), tau and p-tau, and blood samples were collected. Genetic (APOE), neuroimaging (3T morphometry and diffusion MRI) and EEG (with resting-state and auditory oddball event-related potential (AO-ERP) paradigm) biomarkers were evaluated. RESULTS Prodromal AD was found in 55 aMCI patients defined by low Aβ42 in the cerebrospinal fluid (Aβ positive). Compared to the aMCI group with high Aβ42 levels (Aβ negative), Aβ positive patients showed poorer visual (P = 0.001), spatial recognition (P < 0.0005) and working (P = 0.024) memory, as well as a higher frequency of APOE4 (P < 0.0005), lower hippocampal volume (P = 0.04), reduced thickness of the parietal cortex (P < 0.009) and structural connectivity of the corpus callosum (P < 0.05), higher amplitude of delta rhythms at rest (P = 0.03) and lower amplitude of posterior cingulate sources of AO-ERP (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION These results suggest that, in aMCI patients, prodromal AD is characterized by a distinctive cognitive profile and genetic, neuroimaging and neurophysiological biomarkers. Longitudinal assessment will help to identify the role of these biomarkers in AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Galluzzi
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - L Antelmi
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Bagnoli
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy
| | - D Bartres-Faz
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - S Cordone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - M Didic
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France.,Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, APHM Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France
| | - L Farotti
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - U Fiedler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - G Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - N Girtler
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - T Hensch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Jovicich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - A Leeuwis
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Marra
- Department of Gerontology, Neurosciences & Orthopedics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - J L Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - F Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - J Pariente
- INSERM, Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques, Toulouse, France
| | - L Parnetti
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Payoux
- INSERM, Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques, Toulouse, France
| | - C Del Percio
- SDN Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Naples, Italy
| | - J-P Ranjeva
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France.,Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, APHM Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France
| | - E Rolandi
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy
| | - P M Rossini
- Department of Gerontology, Neurosciences & Orthopedics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - P Schönknecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Soricelli
- SDN Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Naples, Italy
| | - M Tsolaki
- Third Neurologic Clinic, Medical School, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P J Visser
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - J C Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - R Bordet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Lille, France
| | - O Blin
- Mediterranean Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - G B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy.,Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Babiloni C, Del Percio C, Marzano N, Cordone S, Noce G, Bagnoli C, Rossini PM, Soricelli A, Nobili FM, Faz DB, Blin O, Payoux P, Bordet R, Mueller B, Tsolaki M, Parnetti L, Hegerl U, Hensch T, Dukart J, Bertolino A, Forloni G, Frasca A, Richardson J, Bastlund JF, Clausen B, Bentivoglio M, Fabene P, Bertini G, Dix S, Kelley J, Drinkenburg W, Frisoni G. Cortical generation of on-going “Delta” and “Alpha” EEG rhythms in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease patients at prodromic stages. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Yawning often occurs during states of increased sleep propensity. Depression is associated with sleep problems and tiredness. The aim of this paper is to review the present knowledge about possible changes of yawning during an episode of major depression (MD) and to report data on yawning from an online depression forum comprising of 450,000 postings. A literature search did not reveal any study about yawning in people with MD when compared to controls. However, there is evidence for an increased frequency of yawning under the influence of antidepressants. Analysis of the depression forum postings revealed 63 people writing about increased yawning in the context of depression. However, all but one of them were treated with antidepressants; and yawning was not reported as a symptom of depression, but in most cases (N=56) as occurring as a result of treatment with antidepressants. These findings are in agreement with a tonic hyperarousal in typical depression which is reduced by all standard antidepressants. For clinicians, it would be of interest to know whether yawning is reduced in untreated depression and whether it predicts treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hensch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Blume
- Depression Research Centre of the German Depression Foundation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Böttger
- Depression Research Centre of the German Depression Foundation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Sander
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N Niedermeier
- Medical Practice for Psychosomatic Disorders and Psychotherapy, München, Germany
| | - U Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
1. In many brain areas, including neocortex and hippocampus, excitatory synapses can undergo both long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). It is established that a change in the postsynaptic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) is critical for the induction of both LTP and LTD. Protocols that induce these long-term synaptic modifications typically involve afferent stimulation. But, in hippocampus, LTP can also be induced by a transient increase of the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]o). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether raising [Ca2+]o also induces long-term modifications of excitatory synaptic transmission in the neocortex. 2. Intracellular recordings were obtained from regular spiking cells in layers II-III of slices of the rat visual cortex. Test stimuli were evoked with stimulation electrodes located in the white matter (w.m.) below the recorded cell and intracortically (i.c.) adjacent to the cell. Both the depolarizing slope and the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were measured. For exposure to elevated [Ca2+]o, the normal medium ([Ca2+]o = 2 mM) was exchanged for a period of 10 min against a medium containing 4 mM [Ca2+]o. 3. Elevated [Ca2+]o leads, after return to normal medium, to a long-lasting decrease of intracellularly recorded synaptic responses to both w.m. and i.c. stimulation even if activation of these two pathways is discontinued or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are blocked during elevated [Ca2+]o. This decrease is due to reduced efficacy of excitatory transmission because it is observed in the presence of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonist, bicuculline. 4. Induction of LTD by raising [Ca2+]o is voltage dependent. First, elevated [Ca2+]o elicits LTD only in cells whose resting membrane potential (Vmr) is less polarized than -79 mV (and more polarized than -70 mV, which is the Vmr of the least polarized cell). Second, hyperpolarizing cells whose Vmr is in this susceptible range by 20 mV below Vmr during exposure to high [Ca2+]o prevents Ca2+-induced LTD. Third, when elevated [Ca2+]o is associated with postsynaptic depolarizing pulses, LTD is readily induced in cells whose Vmr is more polarized than -79 mV. This voltage dependence implies that the depression is induced by a postsynaptic process and hence that it occurs at synapses formed by excitatory terminals on the recorded neuron. 5. Assuming that a transient elevation of [Ca2+]o leads to an increase of [Ca2+]i, the results of this study suggest that a transient increase of [Ca2+]i is sufficient to elicit LTD. This may provide a mechanism for the induction of heterosynaptic LTD, a depression that occurs in afferents that are silent while the postsynaptic neuron is activated by other inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Artola
- Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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