1
|
Niranjan R, Murugasamy V, Sunilkumar A, Manoj H, Ganesh K, Vidhyapriya P, Sankari T, Muthukumaravel S, Kumar A. Atorvastatin attenuates NS1 (Non-structural protein-1) of dengue type-2 serotype-induced expressions of matrix metalloproteinases in HL-60 cells, differentiated to neutrophils: Implications for the immunopathogenesis of dengue viral disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109082. [PMID: 36108401 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dengue is a vector borne viral infection in humans. Bite of mosquito infected with a dengue virus transmits the disease. The neutrophils support more to the innate immune response by switching to infected tissues and triggering immunomodulatory mechanisms including the release of proteases and host defence peptides. METHODS Cell viability by MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assay, bright field microscopy for assessment of cell morphology, cytokines measurements by ELISA, estimation of protein by Bradford assay were done. Assessments of matrix metalloproteinase genes mRNA expressions were done using real-time PCR. RESULTS In the present study, we have for the first time unveiled that, NS1 antigen of dengue type-2 serotype, induce and stimulate the neutrophils cells to express high levels of matrix metalloproteases. NS1 exposure of HL-60 cells differentiated to neutrophils affected cell morphology and in 24 h of exposure. We have demonstrated that, the NS1 antigen has induced MMP-2, MMP-14 and MMP-9 expressions in neutrophils in a 24hrs exposure time. NS1 exposure has also further upregulated MMP-1, MMP-13, and MMP-8 expressions in neutrophils in a 24hrs exposure time. Notably, treatment with atorvastatin concentrations downregulated the expression profile of the all matrix metalloprotease significantly. Importantly, NS1 antigen has significantly increased the IL-6, IL-13 release by the HL,60 cells which was reversed by atorvastatin. On the other hand, NS1 exposure enhanced the mRNA expressions of VEGF-A and VEGF-D which was reversed by atorvastatin. However, we found that, NS1 exposure reduced the mRNA expressions profile of VEGF-C, which was reversed by atorvastatin. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we report that, neutrophils associated matrix metalloprotease are involved in the pathogenesis of dengue viral disease. VEGF growth factors may also be released by the neutrophils which may subsequently participate in the endothelial dysfunctions leading to dengue shock syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Niranjan
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India.
| | - Vyshali Murugasamy
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Anupama Sunilkumar
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - H Manoj
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Khashpatika Ganesh
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Pitchavel Vidhyapriya
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - T Sankari
- Division of Omics, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | | | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar A, Abraham P, Sankari T, Kumar NP. Detection of recombinant dengue virus 2 NS1 protein in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes using commercial Dengue NS1 ELISA kit. J Vector Borne Dis 2022; 59:98-101. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.328975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
3
|
Kumar NP, Kumar A, Panneer D, Abidha S, Muthukumaravel S, Sankari T, Ajithlal PM, Mathew J, Koothradan S, Paramasivan R, Muniyaraj M, Singh H, Saxena R, Vijayachari P, Sunish IP, Shriram AN, Dutta P, Patgiri SJ, Bhattacharyya DR, Hoti SL, Chattopadhyay D, Roy S, Mahapatra N, Pati S, Chand G, Mishra AK, Barde P, Jambulingam P. Nation-wide vector surveillance on Zika and Dengue did not indicate transmission of the American lineage-pandemic Zika virus in India. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 113:119-124. [PMID: 34601144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Following the Public Health Emergency of International Concern declared on Zika by the World Health Organization during 2016, the Indian Council of Medical Research carried out nationwide vector surveillance for Zika and Dengue viruses (ZIKV and DENV) in India as a preparedness measure in 2016-19. METHODS High-risk zones distributed to 49 Districts in 14 states/union territories were included in the study. Seven ICMR institutions participated, following a standard operating protocol. Aedes specimens sampled weekly were processed by multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for ZIKV/DENV and random samples crosschecked with real-time RT-PCR for ZIKV. RESULTS Altogether, 79 492 Aedes specimens in 6492 pools were processed; 3 (0.05%) and 63 (0.97%) pools, respectively, were found positive for ZIKV and DENV. ZIKV infections were recorded in Aedes aegypti sampled during the 2018 sporadic Zika outbreak in Jaipur, Rajasthan. However, these belonged to the Asian lineage of the virus, already circulating in the country. Both Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus distributed to 8 states/union territories were found to be infected with DENV. Both sexes of Ae. albopictus were infected, indicating transovarial transmission. CONCLUSION This investigation evinced no active transmission of the American lineage-pandemic Zika virus in India during the pandemic period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Pradeep Kumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| | - D Panneer
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| | - S Abidha
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | | | - T Sankari
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| | - P M Ajithlal
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Jessu Mathew
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Suhana Koothradan
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - R Paramasivan
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Muniyaraj
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Himmat Singh
- ICMR- National Institute for Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rekha Saxena
- ICMR- National Institute for Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - P Vijayachari
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman Nicobar Islands, India
| | - I P Sunish
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman Nicobar Islands, India
| | - A N Shriram
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| | - Prafulla Dutta
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (NE), Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | | | | | - S L Hoti
- ICMR-National Institute of Medicinal Plants Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - D Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Medicinal Plants Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Medicinal Plants Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Namita Mahapatra
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gyan Chand
- ICMR- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A K Mishra
- ICMR- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pradip Barde
- ICMR- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - P Jambulingam
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De Britto RL, Vanamail P, Sankari T, Vijayalakshmi G, Das LK, Pani SP. Enhanced efficacy of sequential administration of Albendazole for the clearance of Wuchereria bancrofti infection: Double blind RCT. Trop Biomed 2015; 32:198-209. [PMID: 26691247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Till today, there is no effective treatment protocol for the complete clearance of Wuchereria bancrofti (W.b) infection that causes secondary lymphoedema. In a double blind randomized control trial (RCT), 146 asymptomatic W. b infected individuals were randomly assigned to one of the four regimens for 12 days, DEC 300 mg + Doxycycline 100 mg coadministration or DEC 300 mg + Albendazole 400 mg co-administration or DEC 300 mg + Albendazole 400 mg sequential administration or control regimen DEC 300 mg and were followed up at 13, 26 and 52 weeks post-treatment for the clearance of infection. At intake, there was no significant variation in mf counts (F(3,137)=0.044; P=0.988) and antigen levels (F(3,137)=1.433; P=0.236) between the regimens. Primary outcome analysis showed that DEC + Albendazole sequential administration has an enhanced efficacy over DEC + Albendazole co-administration (80.6 Vs 64.7%), and this regimen is significantly different when compared to DEC + doxycycline co-administration and control (P<0.05), in clearing microfilaria in 13 weeks. Secondary outcome analysis showed that, all the trial regimens were comparable to control regimen in clearing antigen (F(3, 109)=0.405; P=0.750). Therefore, DEC + Albendazole sequential administration appears to be a better option for rapid clearance of W. b microfilariae in 13 weeks time. (Clinical trials.gov identifier - NCT02005653).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L De Britto
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology & Chemotherapy, Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry, India
| | - P Vanamail
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - T Sankari
- Unit of Microbiology & Immunology, Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry, India
| | - G Vijayalakshmi
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology & Chemotherapy, Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry, India
| | - L K Das
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology & Chemotherapy, Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry, India
| | - S P Pani
- Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma R, Hoti SL, Vasuki V, Sankari T, Meena RL, Das PK. Filamentation temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ) of Wolbachia, endosymbiont of Wuchereria bancrofti: a potential target for anti-filarial chemotherapy. Acta Trop 2013; 125:330-8. [PMID: 23262214 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a leading cause of morbidity in the tropical world. It is caused by the filarial parasites Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori and transmitted by vector mosquitoes. Currently a programme for the elimination of LF, Global programme for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF), is underway with the strategy of mass administration of single dose of diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin, in combination with an anthelmintic drug, albendazole. However, antifilarial drugs used in the programme are only microfilaricidal but not or only partially macrofilaricidal. Hence, there is a need to identify new targets for developing antifilarial drugs. Filarial parasites harbor rickettsial endosymbionts, Wolbachia sp., which play an important role in their biology and hence are considered as potential targets for antifilarial chemotherapy development. In this study, one of the cell division proteins of Wolbachia of the major lymphatic filarial parasite, W. bancrofti, viz., filamentation temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ), was explored as a drug target. The gene coding for FtsZ protein was amplified from the genomic DNA of W. bancrofti, cloned and sequenced. The derived amino acid sequence of the gene revealed that FtsZ protein is 396 amino acids long and contained the tubulin motif (GGGTGTG) involved in GTP binding and the GTP hydrolyzing motif (NLDFAD). The FtsZ gene of endosymbiont showed limited sequence homology, but exhibited functional homology with β-tubulin of its host, W. bancrofti, as it had both the functional motifs and conserved amino acids that are critical for enzymatic activity. β-tubulin is the target for the anti-helminthic activity of albendazole and since FtsZ shares functional homology with, β-tubulin it may also be sensitive to albendazole. Therefore, the effect of albendazole was tested against Wolbachia occurring in mosquitoes instead of filarial parasites as the drug has lethal effect on the latter. Third instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus were treated with 0.25mg/ml of albendazole (test) or tetracycline (positive control) in the rearing medium for different intervals and tested for the presence of Wolbachia by FtsZ PCR. All the treated larvae were negative for the presence of the FtsZ band, whereas all the control larvae were positive. The findings of the study, thus indicated that FtsZ is sensitive to albendazole. In view of this albendazole appears to have dual targets; FtsZ in Wolbachia and β-tubulin in W. bancrofti. Further, the functional domain of the gene was assessed for polymorphism among recombinant clones representing 120 W. bancrofti parasites, prevalent across wide geographic areas of India and found to be highly conserved among them. Since it is highly conserved and plays an important role in Wolbachia cell division it appears to be a potential target for anti-filarial chemotherapy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Vector Control Research Centre, Indira Nagar, Medical Complex, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sankari T, Hoti S, Singh TB, Shanmugavel J. Outbreak of dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV-2) of Cambodian origin in Manipur, India - association with meteorological factors. Indian J Med Res 2012; 136:649-55. [PMID: 23168706 PMCID: PMC3516033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Dengue is a major health problem in many parts of India and its neighbouring countries. Dengue cases have not been reported from Manipur, a northeastern State of India till 2007. But, the sudden outbreak of fever with febrile illness during 2007 and 2008, suspected to be dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever was investigated to detect the causative agent. Potential impact of climatic variables on dengue transmission has been documented and hence the association between climatic factors, entomological parameters and dengue cases was also analysed. METHODS Forty two and 16 blood samples were collected from patients suspected to have dengue infection in the year 2007 and 2008, respectively. Viral RNA was extracted from serum samples and subjected to multiplex one step RT-PCR assay. Dengue specific amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was carried out. Multiyear trend analysis and 't' test were performed for the comparison of different meteorological variables between the years 2000-2004 and 2005-2008. RESULTS The aetiological agent was found to be DENV-2 and the phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate was similar to that of Cambodian isolate. There was a significant difference in minimum temperature (P<0.05), Relative humidity - morning hours (P<0.001), relative humanity - afternoon hours (P<0.01) and cumulative precipitation (P< 0.05) between the years 2000-2004 and 2005-2008. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The sudden outbreak of dengue fever in Manipur State occurred was possibly due to the increased temperature, relative humidity and decrease in cumulative precipitation. These climatic factors would have contributed to the Aedes mosquito abundance and increased virus transmission. Proper diseases surveillance system integrated with meteorological warning system and management of vector breeding sites will prevent such outbreaks in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Sankari
- Microbiology & Molecular Biology Division, Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Puducherry, India
| | - S.L. Hoti
- Microbiology & Molecular Biology Division, Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Puducherry, India,Reprint requests: Dr S.L. Hoti, Scientist “F”, Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India e-mail:
| | - Th Bhubonchandra Singh
- State Epidemiologist/State Surveillance Office (SSO), Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP), Manipur, India
| | - J. Shanmugavel
- Microbiology & Molecular Biology Division, Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dhamodharan R, Hoti SL, Sankari T. Characterization of cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase isoform-1 (Wb-iPGM) gene: a drug and diagnostic target from human lymphatic filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti. Infect Genet Evol 2012; 12:957-65. [PMID: 22386851 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The inter-conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate during glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in filarial nematodes, is catalyzed by a co-factor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGM). The gene encoding iPGM isoform-1 was amplified from Wuchereria bancrofti, the major causative agent of human lymphatic filariasis. Partial genomic DNA (gDNA) fragment of the gene was also amplified from periodic and sub-periodic forms of W. bancrofti and Brugia malayi and sequenced. The Wb-iPGM isoform-1 gene encodes an ORF of 515 amino acids and is found to share 99.4%, 96.0%, and 64.0% amino acid sequence identity with iPGM of B. malayi, Onchocerca volvulus, and Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively. Serine and all the other 13 amino acid residues involved in the catalytic function of iPGM are highly conserved. Further comparison of iPGM nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Wolbachia of B. malayi with Wb-iPGM showed 41% and 54.4% similarity, respectively. The analysis of partial genomic and amino acid sequences and phylogenetic tree of Wb-iPGM indicated that this gene, apart from being a potential drug target, could provide diagnostic, taxonomical, and evolutionary markers. This is the first report of the characterization of iPGM gene from W. bancrofti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Dhamodharan
- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|