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Jones AM, Rogers AE, Hertzberg VS, Bliwise DL, Lewis TT. 0591 The Significance of Body Mass Index in Varying Sleep Apnea Levels for Men and Women. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
A BMI increase, in men and women, is associated with an increased severity and progression of OSA. This study will examine the impact of BMI on varying levels of OSA severity and progression.
Methods
Participants, divided by sex, included 2728 (47%) men and 3076 (53%) women over the age of 40 that were in the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS). Participants were separated into 1 of 10 groups based on initial OSA levels at SHHS time point 1 (SHHS1) and ending OSA levels at SHHS time point 2 (SHHS2) as measured by RDI. A Kruskall-Wallis test examined the BMI median differences in the groups. Post-hoc tests, including pairwise comparisons and Wilcoxon rank sum test with Holm adjustment, were conducted to further examine results.
Results
Significant differences existed between certain groups (Men: Chi-Square=146.87, p<.001, df=9; Women: Chi-Square=128.59, p<.001, df=9). For men and women, those in the group with normal OSA levels at SHHS1 and SHHS2 had significant BMI differences compared to those in all 9 other groups where mild, moderate, or severe OSA levels exist at SHHS1 or SHHS2. Additionally, in men, BMI is significantly different for those with normal or mild OSA levels at SHHS2 compared to those with moderate or severe OSA levels at SHHS2. Also, a significant BMI difference exists in men maintaining mild OSA levels throughout SHHS compared to those maintaining severe OSA levels.
Conclusion
Although BMI is a known influential factor in OSA progression, this study demonstrated that those maintaining normal OSA levels over time have a significant BMI difference compared to those reaching even mild OSA levels over time. Additional implications were also found for men. These findings may coincide with recent research suggesting that one needs to progress only to moderate OSA levels to reach a tipping point of significantly increasing and impacting many health risks.
Support
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Future of Nursing Scholars Program
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Jones
- Georgia State University Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Atlanta, GA
| | - A E Rogers
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA
| | - V S Hertzberg
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA
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Bromfield SG, Hardy S, Sullivan S, Hammadah M, Shah A, Levantsevych O, Kaseer B, Elon L, Li L, Bremner JD, Quyyumi A, Vaccarino V, Lewis TT. 0705 Short Sleep Duration is Associated with Lower Stress-Induced Blood Pressure Reactivity in Young Women with Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction, But Not Men. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Hardy
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - A Shah
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - L Elon
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - L Li
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Athanasiou TC, Nair S, Coakham HB, Lewis TT. Arteriovenous malformation presenting with trigeminal neuralgia and treated with endovascular coiling. Neurol India 2005; 53:247-8. [PMID: 16010081 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lewis TT. Alternative psychological interpretations of Woodrow Wilson. Mid Am 2001; 65:71-85. [PMID: 11617696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Lewis TT, Bradbury H. French influences on the thought of Sigmund Freud. Proc Annu Meet West Soc Fr Hist 2001; 10:449-58. [PMID: 11635562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Abstract
Arachnoid cysts are often discovered as incidental findings on cranial imaging. A rare manifestation is described in a child presenting acutely with symptoms and signs of raised intracranial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Callaway
- Department of Neuroradiology, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, Avon, UK
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Germon TJ, Evans PE, Barnett NJ, Lewis TT, Wall P, Nelson RJ. Changes in tissue oxyhaemoglobin concentration measured using multichannel near infrared spectroscopy during internal carotid angiography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997; 63:660-4. [PMID: 9408110 PMCID: PMC2169830 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.63.5.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an in vivo model for testing spatially resolved spectroscopy and quantified near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) cerebral blood flow measurements. METHOD Multiple detector NIRS has been used to study changes in tissue oxyhaemoglobin (O2Hb) concentration during selective internal carotid angiography. A significant reduction in O2Hb occurred in tissue interrogated by detectors situated between 0.7 and 4.1 cm from the NIRS light source. RESULTS The time course of O2Hb concentration change was consistent with displacement of oxygenated blood by the radiocontrast medium from vascular beds of differing flow and NIR light attenuation. Increasing changes in O2Hb concentration per unit photon path length--predicted to occur at greater emitter-detector separations if those changes had occurred predominantly in cerebral tissue--were found in the first four seconds after injection of radiocontrast medium. However, later changes (6-10 s) were larger and were not proportional to emitter-detector separation. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that simple assumptions regarding the distribution of the internal carotid artery blood supply to cerebral and extracerebral tissues, the photon path length through those tissues, and their relative contributions to attenuation of NIR light may not be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Germon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Abstract
Blunt injury to the carotid arteries in the neck, either by direct or indirect forces, is rare but may produce a devastating outcome with long term morbidity. Injury results in either dissection of the vessel wall or pseudoaneurysm formation. Secondary thromboembolic disease results in cerebral infarction. In a seven year period, from April 1987 to April 1994, 2024 patients with blunt injury to the head and neck were admitted to our institution. In this group eight patients (0.4%) were identified with injury to the carotid arteries, seven with dissection and one with pseudoaneurysm formation. Injury was caused by either hyperextension or lateral hyperflexion of the neck. External signs of trauma to the neck were absent in three patients. In all patients there was an associated head injury. Three suffered transient loss of consciousness and a fourth had a transient ischaemic attack 36 h after the injury. CT brain scans performed at the time of initial injury in these patients were all normal. The remaining four patients had no neurological deficit at initial presentation. In no case was injury to the carotid artery suspected. Focal neurological signs and symptoms developed in all cases following a variable latent period ranging from 4 h to 75 days. CT or MRI at this time revealed areas of cerebral infarction. Diagnosis of carotid injury was made at angiography in all cases. These lesions are treatable if diagnosed prior to the development of extensive infarction. Patients developing focal neurological signs secondary to cerebral infarction after a latent period following head and neck trauma should therefore be considered as having a vascular lesion in the neck and referred for urgent cerebral angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Laitt
- Department of Neuroradiology, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Lewis TT. Making slides from radiographs. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996; 166:214. [PMID: 8571885 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.166.1.8571885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- N Akhtar
- Department of Neuroradiology, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, U.K
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Abstract
We describe the case of a 39-year-old man who was accidentally shot in the back by a rivet gun. This resulted in paraplegia and partial sensory loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was helpful in the accurate localization of the foreign body and in the assessment of the spinal cord damage. MRI enabled accurate pre-operative localization of the rivet and provided information on the degree of damage to the spinal cord. The artefact produced on computed tomography plus the limited anatomical detail of the spinal cord in the absence of intrathecal contrast makes this technique unhelpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Journeaux
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroradiology, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Lewis TT. Imaging of the spinal cord and cauda equina. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg 1991; 4:612-6. [PMID: 10146202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging continues to dominate the literature on spinal imaging and further advances have occurred during the last year. It is now the investigation of choice for most problems. Intraoperative sonography also may have a place, but other modalities are being superseded. Plain films retain a value in trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Lewis
- Department of Neuroradiology, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Lewis TT. Radiological assessment of prolapsed disc. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 1991; 46:48-51. [PMID: 1805817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain is an extremely common disorder, usually self-limiting and not requiring investigation or treatment. The correct approach to investigation results in the lowest radiation dose to the patient and the right diagnosis. There are many imaging techniques available and some traditional techniques are now of questionable value. The best approach to imaging is discussed, along with some common appearances.
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Bradshaw JR, Lewis TT. Magnetic resonance imaging of the CNS. Bristol Med Chir J 1988; 103:13-8. [PMID: 3219621 PMCID: PMC5113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Fish DR, Lewis TT, Brooks DJ, Zilkha E, Wise RJ, Kendall BE. Regional cerebral blood flow of patients with focal epilepsy studied using xenon enhanced CT brain scanning. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50:1584-8. [PMID: 3125306 PMCID: PMC1032598 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.50.12.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stable xenon-enhanced X-ray computed tomography (XeCT) was used to measure the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of 12 patients with drug resistant partial epilepsy and a marked unilateral focus on electroencephalography (EEG). Interictal mean rCBF of fixed regions of interest (ROIs) was reduced by 25% in the cortex of the epileptogenic cerebral lobe compared with the same regions on the contralateral side (p less than 0.02). Six control scans showed a mean side to side cortical difference in rCBF of 14%, whereas the epileptogenic focus was associated with a reduction in the cortical rCBF of greater than 30% in six out of the 12 patients. In an additional patient with partial epilepsy XeCT demonstrated significant focal hypoperfusion when interictal EEGs and conventional CT scans showed no abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Fish
- Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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Abstract
The Magnetic Resonance appearances of 3 patients with multiple spinal neurofibromata are described and compared with other common spinal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Lewis
- Lysholm Radiological Department, National Hospital, London, England
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Abstract
This paper describes the application of two fracture toughness tests, the compact tension (CT) and the double torsion (DT) to homogenous poly(methyl methacrylate) and two-phase acrylics. Materials were tested in air as processed and after saturation for one month in water. Most materials gave stable crack propagation with these tests, allowing accurate measurement of crack velocity. Modulus and un-notched fracture strength (sigma f) were determined at an identical strain rate in bending to that used in the fracture toughness tests, allowing accurate calculation of the flaw size (a) for a material and an assessment of how applicable Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics are to these materials.
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Abstract
A major cause of fracture in complete lower dentures is due to the denture falling onto a hard floor. Impact failure has never been investigated in complete dentures and in a material which is strain rate dependent, a knowledge of the maximum strain and strain rate at failure is essential if laboratory tests are to evaluate materials in a realistic manner. The work described includes brittle lacquer studies to establish the strain pattern which occurs when a denture is dropped from a height of 1 metre. This was used to orientate strain gauges and experimental dentures were then hit by a specially constructed ram driven at known velocities by a spring, whilst the strain was recorded on a storage oscilloscope. Photographs of the stored wave form were then used to establish the results at ram velocities equal to that of a denture falling 1 metre. Maximum strains were achieved of 11 x 10(3) microstrain and strain rates of 1.04 x 10(3) microstrain/ms. Laboratory impact machines for testing denture materials should therefore be designed to achieve these figures.
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Abstract
A description of a single station fatigue test machine suitable for denture base polymers is given. This machine has been especially designed for dental purposes. A group of representative denture base polymers has been tested, which includes dental poly(methylmethacrylate) of the standard heat polymerized type, autopolymerizing pour type and a heat polymerized rubber graft polymer. These materials were compared and some preliminary results are given. These show that the rubber demonstrated the most satisfactory fatigue life and the pour types were least satisfactory.
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Abstract
Wear testing should be an important part of the investigation into the physical and mechanical properties of some dental materials. It has, however, largely been ignored because of conflicting and unreproducible results. It was decided, therefore, to review the work done by other researchers and to examine the human masticatory cycle, and then present new parameters to design and construct a new dental abrasion testing machine. This new machine is described in detail and its capabilities briefly illustrated.
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