1
|
Norimatsu Y, Maeda Y, Malara N, Fulciniti F, Kobayashi TK. A review of the directly sampled endometrial cytology on LBC samples: Classification, microscopic criteria and beyond. Cytopathology 2024; 35:350-361. [PMID: 38050704 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The Yokohama System for Reporting Endometrial Cytology (TYS) has been proposed by an expert meeting under the auspices of the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) in May 2016 at the IAC in Yokohama. Since its introduction, the TYS has been receiving worldwide acceptance, and this review aims to assess its global impact. The adoption of endometrial cytology as a diagnostic procedure has been hampered in the past by difficulties arising in interpreting the cellular findings due to a number of factors (such as excess blood, cellular overlapping and the complex physiology of endometrium). Recently, the use of liquid-based cytology (LBC), with its ability to remove blood and mucus and to distribute cells uniformly in a thin layer on the slide, has provided an opportunity to re-evaluate the role of endometrial cytology. LBC is a useful tool in the cytologic diagnosis and follow-up of endometrial abnormalities, which remains complementary to the emerging molecular diagnostic cytopathology. The study of LBC from endometrial cytology could be challenging since it is affected by numerous look-alikes and diagnostic pitfalls. This review discusses these various entities and takes into consideration the ancillary techniques that may be useful in the diagnostic procedure. In conclusion, our review of the published data suggests that the TYS is a valid classification scheme that has been widely accepted by cytopathologists globally, is highly reproducible and makes a valuable contribution to clinical therapeutic management. At present, molecular cytopathology is a rapidly evolving field of modern cytopathology, which underlines the effective interplay between genomics and cytology. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the drawbacks of endometrial cytopathology, particularly in terms of endometrial cancer diagnosis and molecular testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Departments of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Iyo-gun, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Toyama Red Cross Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Fulciniti
- Department of Pathology, Unilabs Switzerland SA, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tadao K Kobayashi
- Educational Institution Tenri University, Member of the Board, Nara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nishikawa T, Suzuki H, Takeuchi M, Tatsumi S, Tachibana Y, Ohbayashi C, Kobayashi TK, Norimatsu Y. A study on preserving endometrial glandular architecture during preparation using BD SurePath™ liquid-based cytology reagents: Cellular fixation with preservative fluid requires at least 18 h. Cytopathology 2021; 33:357-361. [PMID: 34882854 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine the causes of disruption of the three-dimensional architecture of endometrial glands prepared using BD SurePath™ liquid-based cytology (SP-LBC) reagents. One sample preparation method for endometrial cytology is presented in which this three-dimensional architecture can be retained. METHODS SP-LBC specimens were prepared by the following three methods: (1) using the BD PrepMateTM (PrepMate) System after cellular fixation for 1-6 h (method A); (2) without using the PrepMate System after cellular fixation for 1-6 h (method B); and (3) using the PrepMate System after cellular fixation for at least 18 h (method C). Size and numbers of endometrial cell clusters and numbers of solitary scattered cells were then evaluated. RESULTS Significantly higher numbers of cell clusters with a major axis of 200 μm or more were yielded by method C (71.3 ± 57.2) than methods A (9.3 ± 5.9, P < 0.001) or B (44.3 ± 28.8, P < 0.05). Method B yielded significantly higher numbers of cell clusters than method A (P < 0.001). Method A (132.2 ± 107.7, p < 0.001) yielded significantly higher numbers of solitary scattered cells than methods B (29.1 ± 14.8) and C (35.7 ± 23.3). No significant difference in solitary cell numbers was found between methods B and C. CONCLUSIONS Retention of endometrial glandular architecture is rendered possible by allowing sample fixation times of 18 h or more when preparing specimens using the PrepMate System.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Hisae Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Mao Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Tatsumi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuma Tachibana
- Department of Medical Technology, Yamatotakada Municipal Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Chiho Ohbayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Tadao K Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Departments of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Norimatsu Y, Nishikawa T, Suzuki H, Hosokawa S, Yano H, Maeda Y, Kurokawa T, Shinagawa A, Kobayashi TK, Fulciniti F. The expression pattern of CD10 and CD31 identifies fine fibrovascular stroma of grade 1-endometrial endometrioid carcinomas in cytology. Cytopathology 2021; 33:362-373. [PMID: 34689374 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of CD10 in the differential diagnosis of grade 1-endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (G1-EEC) and the metaplastic changes associated with the endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown (EGBD) on liquid-based cytological (LBC) samples. METHODS (1) The type and distribution of CD10-positive cells in EGBD and G1-EEC patients were evaluated. (2) Based on the results from (1), histological and cytological specimens were double-immunostained with CD31 and CD10 to confirm whether CD10-positive tubular-canalicular material found in (1) was represented by fine threads of endometrial-type fibrovascular stroma. (3) Based on the results from (2), additional immunostaining of histological specimens was performed for CD146 and αSMA as markers of perivascular cells. RESULTS (1) CD10 positive cells showed two main patterns of expression: cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in the form of dense brown granules in EGBD and tubular-canalicular branching patterns in G1-EEC. (2) The tubular-canalicular material observed in cytological specimens of G1-EEC samples co-expressed CD10 and CD31, and was interpreted as representing fine threads of endometrial fibrovascular stroma in the corresponding histological samples. Conversely, metaplastic changes in EGBD cases, only a few CD31-positive signals were found inside the condensed stromal clusters with CD10-positive. (3) Cells surrounding the CD31-positive vascular endothelial cells expressed CD146 and αSMA; moreover, some of the thin CD10-positive fibrous stromal strands also co-expressed αSMA. CONCLUSIONS CD10 is a very useful immunomarker for distinguishing between G1-EEC and the metaplastic changes of EGBD in LBC samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Departments of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Hisae Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Sho Hosokawa
- Departments of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yano
- Departments of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Toyama Red Cross Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kurokawa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akiko Shinagawa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tadao K Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Franco Fulciniti
- Clinical Cytopathology Service, Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Locarno, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Norimatsu Y, Irino S, Maeda Y, Yanoh K, Kurokawa T, Hirai Y, Kobayashi TK, Fulciniti F. Nuclear morphometry as an adjunct to cytopathologic examination of endometrial brushings on LBC samples: A prospective approach to combined evaluation in endometrial neoplasms and look alikes. Cytopathology 2020; 32:65-74. [PMID: 32794283 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate and confirm whether atypical nuclear findings in endometrial cytology are useful when assessed by image morphometry in liquid-based cytology (LBC) and compared with microscopic evaluation. METHODS In total, 53 cases were selected for this study, including 11 presenting proliferative endometrium, 12 with surface papillary syncytial change with endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown (EGBD-SPSC), 10 endometrioid carcinoma grade 1 (G1-EEC), 10 EEC grade 3 (G3-EEC), and 10 endometrial serous carcinomas (ESC). Nuclear image morphometry for nuclear geometric features (area, grey value, aspect ratio, internuclear distance, nucleolar diameter) was performed using ImageJ computer software. For assessing nucleoli, 3861 nuclei were measured, and for nuclear findings, except for nucleoli, 4036 nuclei were measured in total. RESULTS (a) Compared with G1-EEC, G3-EEC and ESC presented a marked increase in all six parameters (nuclear enlargement, anisonucleosis, nuclear shade, nuclear shape, irregularity of nuclear arrangement, and nucleolar size). (b) EGBD-SPSC presented a marked increase in two parameters (nuclear shade, nuclear shape) when compared with G1/G3-EEC and ESC. (c) Compared with EGBD-SPSC, EEC and ESC demonstrated a marked increase in nucleolar size (≥2.0 μm). (d) ESC presented a marked increase in nucleolar size (≥3.0 μm) when compared with G3-EEC. CONCLUSIONS Here we confirmed that atypical nuclear findings evaluated by image morphometry are as useful as microscopic evaluations in endometrial cytology. We believe that the objective evaluation of nucleolar size could contribute to an accurate diagnosis of endometrial-LBC samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Departments of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoshi Irino
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Toyama Red Cross Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kenji Yanoh
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, JA Suzuka General Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kurokawa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hirai
- PCL Japan Pathology and Cytology Center, PCL Inc, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tadao K Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research Center, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka, Japan
| | - Franco Fulciniti
- Clinical Cytopathology Service, Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Locarno, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iwa N, Yutani C, Masuda K, Noda H, Kobayashi TK. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of KIT-negative, PDGFRA-positive epithelioid gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach featuring intranuclear cytoplastic inclusions: Report of a case. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 48:695-697. [PMID: 32374913 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuzo Iwa
- Department of Pathology, Amagasaki Central Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chikao Yutani
- Department of Pathology, Amagasaki Central Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Amagasaki Central Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Noda
- Department of Pathology, Amagasaki Central Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tadao K Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Noda H, Masuda K, Kanbara M, Maeda H, Kobayashi TK, Yutani C. Cytopathological evaluation of potential malignancy of duodenal gastrinoma using aspiration smears from two patients' resected tumors (NET G1, NET G2): A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 12:592-596. [PMID: 32337043 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the duodenum present with either Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or unspecific syndromes. Ki-67 scoring in cytopathology is an alternative approach for establishing the gastrinoma grade. Although the majority of NETs, including gastrinomas, occur in the duodenum, most research regarding the Ki-67 index is focused on tumors of pancreatic origin. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the Ki-67 index for cytological analysis of duodenal gastrinoma. The current report presents two cases of a 56-year-old man and a 66-year-old woman with NET G1 and G2 gastrinoma, respectively, arising in the duodenal bulb. The present report focused on the differences in nuclear pleomorphism and Ki-67 index between these two cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Noda
- Department of Pathology, Amagasaki Chuo Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0976, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Amagasaki Chuo Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0976, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Amagasaki Chuo Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0976, Japan
| | - Masami Kanbara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Amagasaki Chuo Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0976, Japan
| | - Hiromi Maeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Amagasaki Chuo Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0976, Japan
| | - Tadao K Kobayashi
- Division of Health Sciences, Cancer Education and Research Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chikao Yutani
- Department of Pathology, Amagasaki Chuo Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0976, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Norimatsu Y, Yanoh K, Hirai Y, Kurokawa T, Kobayashi TK, Fulciniti F. A Diagnostic Approach to Endometrial Cytology by Means of Liquid-Based Preparations. Acta Cytol 2019; 64:195-207. [PMID: 31473735 DOI: 10.1159/000502108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of endometrial cytology as a diagnostic procedure has been hampered in the past by difficulties arising in interpreting the cellular findings due to a number of factors (such as excess blood, cellular overlapping, and the complex physiology of endometrium). Recently, the use of liquid-based cytology (LBC), with its ability to remove blood and mucus and to distribute cells uniformly in a thin layer on the slide, has provided an opportunity to reevaluate the role of endometrial cytology. LBC samples are easier to screen compared to conventional ones, due to a smaller screening area and an excellent quality of cell preparations. LBC by using peculiar cytoarchitectural features is a useful tool in the cellular diagnosis and follow-up of abnormalities, which, however, remains complementary to histopathology and to the emerging molecular diagnostic cytopathology. This review discusses these various entities and takes into consideration the ancillary techniques that may be useful in the diagnostic procedure. Herein, we also summarize the process and rationale by which updates were made to the standardized terminology in 2018 and outline the contents of the new Bethesda-style classification (the Yokohama system) for the endometrial cytology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Iyo-gun, Japan,
| | - Kenji Yanoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JA Suzuka General Hospital, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hirai
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibumachi, Japan
- Department of Cytology, PCL Japan Pathology and Cytology Center, PCL Inc., Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kurokawa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tadao K Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Franco Fulciniti
- Clinical Cytopathology Service, Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Locarno, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nimura A, Ishitani K, Norimatsu Y, Okada K, Akizawa Y, Yanoh K, Hirai Y, Nagashima Y, Irino S, Kobayashi TK, Tabata T. Evaluation of cellular adequacy in endometrial liquid-based cytology. Cytopathology 2019; 30:526-531. [PMID: 31066127 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated cellular adequacy in endometrial liquid-based cytology (LBC) specimens. METHODS In total, 1267 cases were obtained and the rate of unsatisfactory specimen and diagnostic accuracy for malignancy were assessed. If ≥10 cellular clusters composed of ≤30 endometrial cells were found per specimen, then the sample was provisionally considered adequate. RESULTS The unsatisfactory rate (with fewer than 10 clusters) was 15.4%. Diagnostic accuracy in specimens with ≥10 clusters was significantly higher (90.5% vs 36.4%) than that in specimens with fewer than10 clusters. Moreover, the unsatisfactory rate in patients aged ≥60 years was significantly higher (33.8% vs 13.2%) than that in patients younger than 60 years. Although the unsatisfactory rate was decreased, significant differences were not found between cases with fewer than five clusters (22.6%) and fewer than 10 clusters (33.8%) in patients aged ≥60 years. Diagnostic accuracy in cases with five or more clusters was significantly higher (90.3% vs 0%) than that in cases with fewer than five clusters. CONCLUSIONS We propose that ≥10 clusters with ≥30 endometrial cells per cluster could be used as a specimen adequacy criterion for endometrial LBC. If ≥10 clusters cannot be found in patients aged ≥60 years, then the use of the alternative criterion of five or more clusters may yield satisfactory specimen adequacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Nimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Ishitani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gynecology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Iyo-gun, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshika Akizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Yanoh
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JA Suzuka General Hospital, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hirai
- Department of Cytology, PCL Japan Pathology and Cytology Center, PCL Inc, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.,Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibumachi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Irino
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Iyo-gun, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tadao K Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research Center, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Division Health Science, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tabata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Norimatsu Y, Yanoh K, Maeda Y, Irino S, Hirai Y, Fulciniti F, Kobayashi TK. Insulin‐like growth factor‐II mRNA‐binding protein 3 immunocytochemical expression in direct endometrial brushings: Possible diagnostic help in endometrial cytology. Cytopathology 2019; 30:215-222. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Departments of Medical TechnologyFaculty of Health SciencesEhime Prefectural University of Health Sciences Tobe‐cho, Iyo‐gun Ehime Japan
| | - Kenji Yanoh
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and PathologyJA Suzuka General Hospital Suzuka Mie Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyToyama Red Cross Hospital Toyama City Toyama Japan
| | - Satoshi Irino
- Department of NursingFaculty of Health SciencesEhime Prefectural University of Health Sciences Tobe‐cho, Iyo‐gun Ehime Japan
| | - Yasuo Hirai
- PCL Japan Pathology and Cytology CenterPCL Inc Saitama Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of MedicineDokkyo Medical University Shimotsuga‐gun Tochigi Japan
| | - Franco Fulciniti
- Clinical Cytopathology ServiceIstituto Cantonale di Patologia Locarno Switzerland
| | - Tadao K. Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research CenterOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iwa N, Yutani C, Kobayashi TK. Presence of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology in perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) arising from the cecum. Diagn Cytopathol 2018; 47:359-361. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.24086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuzo Iwa
- Department of Pathology; Amagasaki Central Hospital; Amagasaki Hyogo Japan
| | - Chikao Yutani
- Department of Pathology; Amagasaki Central Hospital; Amagasaki Hyogo Japan
| | - Tadao K. Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology; Amagasaki Central Hospital; Amagasaki Hyogo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kinoshita Y, Inaba M, Kobayashi TK, Murata S. Intraoperative liquid‐based cytology of rinsed tissue fragments from head and neck lesions. Diagn Cytopathol 2018; 47:389-393. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kinoshita
- Division of Central Laboratory Medicine and PathologyWakayama Medical University Hospital Wakayama Japan
| | - Mayumi Inaba
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Tadao K. Kobayashi
- Cancer Education & Research CenterOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Shin‐ichi Murata
- Division of Central Laboratory Medicine and PathologyWakayama Medical University Hospital Wakayama Japan
- Department of Human PathologyWakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fulciniti F, Yanoh K, Karakitsos P, Watanabe J, Di Lorito A, Margari N, Maeda Y, Kihara M, Norimatsu Y, Kobayashi TK, Hirai Y. The Yokohama system for reporting directly sampled endometrial cytology: The quest to develop a standardized terminology. Diagn Cytopathol 2018; 46:400-412. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Fulciniti
- Clinical Cytopathology Service; Istituto Cantonale di Patologia; Locarno, CH-6600 Switzerland
| | - Kenji Yanoh
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology; JA Suzuka General Hospital; Mie Japan
| | - Petros Karakitsos
- Department of Cytopathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; University General Hospital “Attikon”; Athens Greece
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science; Aomori Japan
| | - Alessia Di Lorito
- Center of Predictive Molecular Medicine, Center for Excellence on Ageing and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT); University of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti Italy
| | - Niki Margari
- Department of Cytopathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; University General Hospital “Attikon”; Athens Greece
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Toyama Red Cross Hospital; Toyama Japan
| | - Maki Kihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences; Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences; Ehime Japan
| | - Tadao K. Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research Center; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine and Health Science; Osaka Japan
| | - Yasuo Hirai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Faculty of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University; Tochigi Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Norimatsu Y, Yamaguchi T, Taira T, Abe H, Sakamoto H, Takenaka M, Yanoh K, Yoshinobu M, Irino S, Hirai Y, Kobayashi TK. Inter-observer reproducibility of endometrial cytology by the Osaki Study Group method: utilising the Becton Dickinson SurePath ™ liquid-based cytology. Cytopathology 2016; 27:472-478. [PMID: 27109167 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reproducibility of the cytological diagnosis of endometrial lesions by the Osaki Study Group (OSG) method of new cytological diagnostic criteria using BD SurePath™ (SP)-liquid-based cytology (LBC). METHODS This cytological classification using the OSG method consists of six categories: (i) normal endometrium (NE), (ii) endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown (EGBD), (iii) atypical endometrial cells, cannot exclude atypical endometrial hyperplasia or more (ATEC-A), (iv) adenocarcinoma including atypical endometrial hyperplasia or malignant tumour (Malignancy), (v) endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (EH) and (vi) atypical endometrial cells of undetermined significance (ATEC-US). For this study, a total 244 endometrial samplings were classified by two academic cytopathologists as follows: 147 NE cases , 36 EGBD cases , 47 Malignant cases, eight ATEC-A cases, two EH cases and four ATEC-US cases. To confirm the reproducibility of the diagnosis and to study the inter- and intra-observer agreement further, a second review round followed at 3-month intervals, which included three additional cytopathologists. RESULTS The inter-observer agreement of NE classes improved progressively from 'good to fair' to 'excellent', with values increasing from 0.70 to 0.81. Both EGBD and Malignancy classes improved progressively from 'good to fair' to 'excellent', with values increasing from 0.62-0.63 to 0.84-0.95, respectively. The overall intra-observer agreement between the first and the second rounds was 'good to fair' to 'excellent', with values changing from 0.79 to 0.85. All kappa improvements were significant (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In this study, it seemed that the use of the OSG method as the new diagnostic criteria for SP-LBC preparation, may be a valid method to improve the precision (reproducibility) of endometrial cytology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Norimatsu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Taira
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H Abe
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H Sakamoto
- Department of Cytology, The Tohkai Cytopathology Institute, Gifu, Japan
| | - M Takenaka
- Department of Cytology, The Tohkai Cytopathology Institute, Gifu, Japan
| | - K Yanoh
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, JA Suzuka General Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - M Yoshinobu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Toyama Red Cross Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - S Irino
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Y Hirai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T K Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kinoshita Y, Harada H, Kobayashi TK, Yoshizawa K, Yuri T, Takasu K, Tsubura A, Shikata N. Multifocal adenomatous oncocytic hyperplasia of the parotid gland. Case Rep Oncol 2014; 7:819-24. [PMID: 25580104 PMCID: PMC4280445 DOI: 10.1159/000370146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifocal adenomatous oncocytic hyperplasia (MAOH) is a non-neoplastic lesion that is classified as oncocytosis. MAOH is a rare entity of the parotid gland and accounts for approximately 0.1% of salivary gland lesions. Here, we report a case of MAOH of the parotid gland. The patient was a 71-year-old woman who presented with discomfort at the left side of her neck. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the parotid gland revealed a loose sheet-like cluster of round to polygonal cells with granular cytoplasm against a hemorrhagic background. The cells had round to oval, centrally located nuclei with granular chromatin and without distinct nucleoli. Histologically, the lesion was formed of many variable-sized nodules, comprising oncocyte-like cells with small round nuclei and eosinophilic granular cytoplasm that was positive for mitochondrial antibodies. The diagnosis of MAOH is difficult to make by cytology alone, because the findings overlap with those of other oncocytic lesions. In particular, the cytological findings of MAOH have not been sufficiently reported to date. A correlation of cytology and histology was expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan ; Division of Diagnostic Cytopathology and Histopathology, Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Seichoukai Fuchu Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Tadao K Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine and Health Science, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Yuri
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kosho Takasu
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Airo Tsubura
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shikata
- Division of Diagnostic Cytopathology and Histopathology, Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital, Moriguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kinoshita Y, Takasu K, Kobayashi TK, Yuri T, Tsubura A, Shikata N. Diagnosis of intraocular lesions using vitreous humor and intraocular perfusion fluid cytology: Experience with 83 Cases. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 43:353-9. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology II; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata Osaka Japan
- Division of Diagnostic Cytopathology and Histopathology; Kansai Medical University, Takii Hospital; Moriguchi Osaka Japan
| | - Kosho Takasu
- Division of Diagnostic Cytopathology and Histopathology; Kansai Medical University, Takii Hospital; Moriguchi Osaka Japan
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki Hospital; Amagasaki Hyogo Japan
| | - Tadao K Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine and Health Science; Osaka Japan
| | - Takashi Yuri
- Department of Pathology II; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - Airo Tsubura
- Department of Pathology II; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shikata
- Division of Diagnostic Cytopathology and Histopathology; Kansai Medical University, Takii Hospital; Moriguchi Osaka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maruta J, Hashimoto H, Yamashita H, Noguchi H, Noguchi S, Kobayashi TK, Tsuneoka H, Takahashi M. Value of thyroid specific peroxidase and Ki-67 stains in preoperative cytology for thyroid follicular tumors. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 43:202-9. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Maruta
- Department of Pathology; The Noguchi Thyroid Hospital and Foundation; Oita Japan
- Department of Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Hironobu Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology; The Noguchi Thyroid Hospital and Foundation; Oita Japan
| | - Hiroto Yamashita
- Department of Pathology; The Noguchi Thyroid Hospital and Foundation; Oita Japan
| | - Hitoshi Noguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine; The Noguchi Thyroid Hospital and Foundation; Oita Japan
| | - Shiro Noguchi
- Department of Surgery; The Noguchi Thyroid Hospital and Foundation; Oita Japan
| | - Tadao K. Kobayashi
- Cancer Education and Research Center; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine and Health Science; Osaka Japan
| | - Hidehiro Tsuneoka
- Department of Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Mutsuo Takahashi
- Department of Administration; Mine City Hospital; Yamaguchi Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Norimatsu Y, Ohsaki H, Masuno H, Kagawa A, Teramoto N, Kobayashi TK. Efficacy of CytoLyt® hemolytic action on ThinPrep® LBC using cultured osteosarcoma cell line LM8. Acta Cytol 2014; 58:76-82. [PMID: 24157542 DOI: 10.1159/000354960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The removal of blood components is necessary to improve the quality of the liquid-based cytology (LBC) preparations. In ThinPrep® (TP) samples a cell suspension in a methanol-based fixative undergoes a vacuum filtration method, whereas in SurePath™ (SP) samples a cell suspension in an ethanol-based fixative is processed through a density gradient centrifugation system prior to gravity deposition of the specimen onto a glass slide. We compared the cyto-architectural features for the cytologic diagnosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma using parallel TP and SP preparations in a previous publication. STUDY DESIGN We performed our study on LM8 cells (a cultured osteosarcoma cell line). LM8 cells at a concentration of 1.25 × 10(3) cell/cm(2) were seeded on a 35-mm plate in culture medium, which contained 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 μ/ml streptomycin in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), and aliquots of the cell suspension obtained in this way were compared after the addition of a hemolytic agent, i.e. Cytolyt® (CyL). LBC preparations were then obtained on cell suspensions treated with CyL after different time intervals of hemolysis. RESULTS Treatment with CyL did not alter the cellularity of the preparation, but reduction of the nuclear area and a tendency towards nuclear chromatin condensation with a subsequent higher brightness were found. Because CyL is a 25% methanol-buffered solution, its alcoholic concentration is low; it was our impression that, while its fixative effect was weak, its hemolytic effect was high. Water influx or efflux through the cell membrane is controlled by osmotic pressure changes induced by the buffer solution in the CyL solution. While CyL was not shown to alter the cell shape, nuclear shrinkage was thought to be probably due to the increasing cell dehydration caused by longer exposure intervals to methanol. CONCLUSION This study has allowed us to make significant observations on the hemolytic properties of CyL, and on its combined effects with PreservCyt on the cytomorphology of cells suspensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yanoh K, Norimatsu Y, Munakata S, Yamamoto T, Nakamura Y, Murata T, Kobayashi TK, Hirai Y. Evaluation of endometrial cytology prepared with the Becton Dickinson SurePath™ method: a pilot study by the Osaki Study Group. Acta Cytol 2014; 58:153-61. [PMID: 24503811 DOI: 10.1159/000357769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the BD SurePath™ liquid-based Papanicolaou test for assessing the cytology of intrauterine endometrial samples according to newly devised cytological diagnostic criteria and a novel descriptive reporting format. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-two endometrial samples were analyzed. All samples were obtained directly from the intrauterine cavity using the Uterobrush or Honest Super Brush. The samples used for the histological examination and cytological tests were collected simultaneously. Our study group devised new cytological diagnostic criteria for examining endometrial samples: the Osaki Study Group method. In this study, histological diagnosis was considered to be the gold standard for cytological diagnosis. A novel descriptive reporting format was also used. RESULTS Satisfactory cytological specimens were obtained in all cases. The sensitivity and specificity of the SurePath endometrial cytological examination method were 96.4 and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the SurePath method is acceptable for clinical use. Since the SurePath method seems to be easier and allows greater preparation standardization than the conventional method, coupling it with our newly devised cytological diagnostic criteria and descriptive reporting format might represent a reliable diagnostic method for assessing endometrial specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yanoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JA Suzuka General Hospital, Suzuka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kawanishi N, Norimatsu Y, Ohsaki H, Yuminamochi T, Katoh R, Okusaki K, Sato Y, Kobayashi TK. Diagnosis of pseudopapillary variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2013; 42:823-6. [PMID: 23894022 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Namiki Kawanishi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mihara Medical Associations Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Norimatsu Y, Sakamoto S, Ohsaki H, Ozaki S, Yokoyama T, Shimizu K, Yanoh K, Akiyama M, Bamba M, Kobayashi TK. Cytologic features of the endometrial adenocarcinoma: Comparison of ThinPrep and BD surepath preparations. Diagn Cytopathol 2013; 41:673-81. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Department of Medical Technology; Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences; Ehime; Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology; Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital; Ehime; Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Department of Medical Technology; Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences; Ehime; Japan
| | - Satoru Ozaki
- Department of Pathology; Kanazawa University Hospital; Ishikawa; Japan
| | - Toshiro Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology; Kurume University Medical Center; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - Keiko Shimizu
- Department of Pathology; Saiseikai Noe Hospital; Imperial Gift Foundation Inc.; Osaka; Japan
| | - Kenji Yanoh
- Department of Gynaecology; Suzuka General Hospital; Mie; Japan
| | - Minoru Akiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Saiseikai Shiga Hospital; Imperial Gift Foundation Inc.; Shiga; Japan
| | - Masamichi Bamba
- Department of Pathology; Saiseikai Shiga Hospital; Imperial Gift Foundation Inc.; Shiga; Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Norimatsu Y, Yanoh K, Kobayashi TK. The role of liquid-based preparation in the evaluation of endometrial cytology. Acta Cytol 2013; 57:423-35. [PMID: 24021666 DOI: 10.1159/000353148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liquid-based preparation (LBP) of the endometrial lesions is an important diagnostic tool for a variety of endometrial abnormalities because of its simplicity and high quali-quantitative diagnostic yield. We aimed to investigate the LBP method for endometrial cytology to evaluate both benign and abnormal endometrial lesions. STUDY DESIGN LBP is a semiautomated methodology that has recently become widely available and has gained popularity as a method of collecting and processing both gynecologic and nongynecologic cellular specimens. RESULTS Some peculiar endometrial cytoarchitectural features were described using LBPs. These were advantageous to screen as compared to conventional slides due to a smaller screening area and an excellent quality of cell preparations. CONCLUSIONS LBP is a useful tool in the cellular diagnosis and follow-up of endometrial abnormalities, which remains complementary to the emerging molecular diagnostic cytopathology. The study of LBPs from endometrial cytology could be challenging since it is affected by numerous look-alikes and diagnostic pitfalls. This review discusses these various entities and takes into consideration the ancillary techniques that may be useful in the diagnostic procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Tobe, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hattori M, Kobayashi TK, Nishimura Y, Machida D, Toyonaga M, Tsunoda S, Ohbu M. Comparative image analysis of conventional and thin-layer preparations in endometrial cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2012; 41:527-32. [PMID: 22807421 DOI: 10.1002/dc.22891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the differences in cytologic findings between conventional and thin-layer preparations in endometrial cytology to introduce the thin-layer method into routine cytology. Eighty patients who had undergone endometrial cytology and biopsy on the same day were selected and we compared the cytological findings between conventional- and thin-layer preparations (TLP) in endometrial cytology. The numbers of neutrophils and cell clusters in the thin-layer method were lower than those in the conventional smear (CSS) method. The average number of neutrophils in endometrioid adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal morphology endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia. Regarding the shape of the cell clusters, ball-like patterns and round-edged cell clusters were not identified in CSS. The average number of clusters in CSS was significantly greater than that using the TLP. The average of the nuclear area in CSS was significantly larger than that using the TLP, indicating that the nuclear areas in CSS were more uneven than that using the TLP. In the future, it is expected that liquid-based cytology will be applied to the cytological diagnosis of a variety of lesions. The influence on cells due to fixation is considerable in liquid-based preparations. Therefore, if we strive to pick up the differences between CSS and TLP of endometrial samples, the diagnostic accuracy of the latter could be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hattori
- Department of Clinical Cytology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Norimatsu Y, Kawai M, Kamimori A, Yuminamochi T, Ohsaki H, Yanoh K, Kawanishi N, Kobayashi TK. Endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown, Part 4: Cytomorphology of "condensed cluster of stromal cells including a light green body". Diagn Cytopathol 2012; 40:204-9. [PMID: 22334522 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to clarify the origin of the chromophilic substance that stained in light green [light green body (LGB)] was observed in the condensed cluster of stromal cells and in the background of endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown cases. The material consists of cytologic smears of endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown (EGBD) from 58 samples in which a histopathological diagnosis was subsequently obtained by endometrial curettage. The following parameters were examined. (1) The occurrence and number of a LGB. As for the "condensed cluster of stromal cells," "condensed cluster of stromal cells including LGB" and "LBG in background," it was observed with all fields on one slide per case. When it was observed more than one in a preparation, the occurrence was determined and the number was also calculated. (2) Immunostaining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections and cytologic preparations. 1 The occurrence of "condensed cluster of stromal cells," "condensed cluster of stromal cells including LGB" and "LGB in background" was 100%, 44.8% and 91.4%, respectively. The number of "condensed cluster of stromal cells," "condensed cluster of stromal cells including LGB" and "LGB in background" was 21.2, 2.0 and 4.0, respectively. 2 When histological sections from paraffin-embedded tissue were tested by immunocytochemistry, "LGB" stained weakly or negative for fibrinogen, whereas it stained positively for CD31 and factor VIII. In addition, it stained positively for CD42b. 3 When cytologic preparation was tested by immunocytochemistry, "LGB" stained positively for CD31, factor VIII and CD42b. However, as for the fibrinogen, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the immunocytochemical stain was not feasible due to extensive nonspecific reaction in the whole preparation. The "LGB" in EGBD cases proved to be a thrombus mostly made up by platelets, and it seemed that the recognition of the LGB showed to be a useful cytomorphological criterion for an always more accurate diagnosis of EGBD cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Norimatsu Y, Shigematsu Y, Sakamoto S, Ohsaki H, Yanoh K, Kawanishi N, Kobayashi TK. Nuclear features in endometrial cytology: Comparison of endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown and endometrioid adenocarcinoma grade 1. Diagn Cytopathol 2012; 40:1077-82. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.21738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
25
|
Kataoka H, Okabe H, Amano S, Yamada E, Ishida M, Kushima R, Kobayashi TK. Cytologic and immunophenotypic features of CD34+ stem cells in body cavity fluids. Acta Cytol 2012; 56:401-7. [PMID: 22846805 DOI: 10.1159/000337452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The possibility of leakage of CD34+ bone marrow stem cells from the peripheral blood into the coelomic cavity and the capability of coelomic fluid factors to induce their non-hematogenous differentiation were examined by immunocytochemistry (ICC). STUDY DESIGN Body cavity fluid smears from 12 and 18 patients with and without cancer, respectively, were processed for double immunoperoxidase or double fluorescent ICC methods using antibodies against CD34, CD14, CD16, CD68, AE1/AE3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), D2-40, and CA125. RESULTS Heavily irritated exudative fluid from 6 patients with or without cancer contained a few small round cells positive for CD34. Some of them co-expressed myeloid or monocytic markers such as CD14, CD68 or CD16. Some of the CD34+ cells also co-expressed AE1/AE3 or EGFR. In addition, D2-40 and CA125 were also demonstrated though the expression of the latter was quite sporadic. CONCLUSION These findings support the concept that CD34+ stem cells can be released into irritated body cavity fluid and the possibility of subsequent differentiation to a non-hematogenous lineage under the influence of local humoral factors, in agreement with our previous in vitro experiments. The possibility of such a phenomenon should be kept in mind when body cavity fluid specimens are analyzed by ICC for diagnostic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Kataoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, Imperial Gift Foundation, Inc., Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Iwa N, Ito S, Takegaki Y, Ikura Y, Kobayashi TK, Yasukawa S, Kobayashi Y. Cytologic features of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report. Diagn Cytopathol 2011; 41:536-41. [PMID: 21953942 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare entity, whose histogenesis and biological behavior remain controversial. The cytological literature on sarcomatoid carcinoma in voided urine is very scarce. Clinically, the diagnosis of this tumor can be made by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cytology, and biopsy material. In this study, cytology, histopathology, and radiological imaging were employed in order to reach a diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma. CT imaging showed increased thickness of the bladder wall associated to a polypoid mass. MRI showed a 4-cm sized, broadly necked polypoid mass with calcification and ulceration at the right side of the bladder wall. T2W1 imaging showed low signal. Voided urinary cytology showed a scattered cellular presentation. The tumor cells had a high nucleo- cytoplasmic ratio, with elongated cytoplasm with faint with indistinct cytoplasm border. The nucleus was oval to round, with large and irregular nucleoli and irregular nuclear membrane. These tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin (CKAE1/AE3), vimentin, p53, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), α1-smooth muscle actin (SMA) by the immunoperoxidase staining. Histopathology showed spindle-shaped and clumped large tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were frequently seen and varied from area to area (50% of the tumor cells were positive for MIB1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuzo Iwa
- Department of Pathology, Morimoto Higashi-Sumiyoshi Hospital, Higashi-Sumiyoshi, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Norimatsu Y, Ohsaki H, Yanoh K, Kawanishi N, Kobayashi TK. Expression of immunoreactivity of nuclear findings by p53 and cyclin a in endometrial cytology: Comparison with endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown and endometrioid adenocarcinoma grade 1. Diagn Cytopathol 2011; 41:303-7. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.21837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
28
|
Norimatsu Y, Shigematsu Y, Sakamoto S, Ohsaki H, Yanoh K, Kawanishi N, Kobayashi TK. Nuclear characteristics of the endometrial cytology: Liquid-based versus conventional preparation. Diagn Cytopathol 2011; 41:120-5. [PMID: 23335453 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kataoka H, Kobayashi TK, Amano S, Yamada E, Ishida M, Kushima R, Okabe H. Body cavity fluid can induce epithelial and mesothelial differentiation from CD34 positive peripheral blood stem cells in vitro. Cytopathology 2011; 23:237-41. [PMID: 21736644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2011.00888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Kataoka
- Clinical Laboratory, Hikone Municipal Hospital, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maruta J, Hashimoto H, Suehisa Y, Yamashita H, Noguchi S, Aratake Y, Ohno E, Kobayashi TK. Improving the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid follicular neoplasms: cytological features in fine-needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2011; 39:28-34. [PMID: 20091899 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cytological diagnosis in follicular neoplasms of the thyroid has to surmount some difficulties. Capsular/vascular invasions or metastasis are the histological criteria for follicular carcinoma (FC), and, on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples, marked cytological atypias are only observed in moderately to poorly differentiated FC, while they may be completely lacking in well differentiated angio- or capsulo-invasive FC. To clarify the cytological features and to improve the accuracy and reliability of aspiration cytology, 892 follicular adenomas and 82 FCs were reviewed. A macrofollicular pattern or large sheet pattern of follicular cells with thin colloid in the background were found to be indicators of follicular adenoma. Crowding or irregular arrangement of follicular cells were found to indicate microfollicular lesions but could not discriminate between benign and malignant conditions. High nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear atypia, and coarse granular or dense chromatin were more important criteria for malignancy than nuclear grooves or intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. The cytomorphologic features of the follicular neoplasms of the thyroid are described, and the difficulties encountered in the cytodiagnosis of follicular lesions are discussed at length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Maruta
- Department of Pathology, Noguchi Thyroid Hospital and Foundation, Oita, Japan; Department of Medical Life Science, College of Life Science, Kurashiki University of Science and Arts, Okayama, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hata S, Kanomata N, Kozuka Y, Fukuya M, Kobayashi TK, Ohno E, Moriya T. Cytologic appearance of myospherulosis of the breast diagnosed by fine-needle aspirates: a clinical, cytological and immunocytochemical study of 23 cases. Diagn Cytopathol 2011; 39:177-80. [PMID: 21319318 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to introduce the clinical and cytological aspects of myospherulosis. A total of 5,174 consecutive breast fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology cases were reviewed, among which 23 cases of myospherulosis of the breast were found, all in female patients. The main findings of myospherulosis, best seen with the Papanicolaou stain, consisted in the observation of spherules that were homogeneously smooth or contained one or more internal dense bodies. Routine Papanicolaou-stained slides with or without Romanowsky staining were analyzed. Immunocytochemistry was conducted for carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), glycophorin C, KP1, and PGM1. The patients' ages ranged from 41 to 79 years (mean age: 56 years). Of the 23 patients, 21 had a previous history of breast surgery. Cytologically malignant or suspicious diagnoses were made in four of the 23 cases. The size of parent bodies varied from 18.2 to 151 μm (mean, 52 μm). The size of spherules ranged from 2.1 to 16.4 μm (mean, 6.6 μm). Immunocytochemistry showed that the myospherules reacted with anti-CA1 and anti-glycophorin C antibodies. Most breast myospheruloses occur in patients with a history of breast surgery. Immunocytochemistry for CA1 and glycophorin C can enhance the diagnosis of myospherulosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakae Hata
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kaneko C, Kobayashi TK, Hasegawa K, Udagawa Y, Iwai M. A cell-block preparation using glucomannan extracted from Amorphophallus konjac. Diagn Cytopathol 2010; 38:652-6. [PMID: 19941364 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate a cell-block preparation using glucomannan, which was extracted from Amorphophallus konjac. Ten specimens were centrifuged at 1,500 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant was removed; the remnant after the preparation of smear specimens for routine cytological examination was fixed with 20% formalin. The specimen was recentrifuged at 1,500 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. The residue was resuspended with 2 ml of eosin solution and 1-5 ml of 80% alcohol, and stirred well. After further centrifugation, the supernatant was removed, and one drop of a glucomannan-formalin water solution was added gently. After immersion in methanol for 2 hours, glucomannan is solidified and becomes gelatinous. The obtained cell block was placed in the cassette for the preparation of tissue specimens, dehydrated by the routine method, infiltrated with paraffin, and a paraffin-embedded block was prepared. Thin sections were prepared from the paraffin-embedded cell block, and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stain with immunological stains was performed. H&E stain, periodic acid-Schiff reaction, Alcian blue, and immunohistochemical stain were clearly demonstrated.We evaluated a new modality of cell-block preparation using a glucomannan-formalin water solution. We found that the method was easy to perform and thought it could be useful as an alternative technique for cell-block preparations. Thus, this novel technique should find wide application in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiyuki Kaneko
- Department of Cytopathology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Norimatsu Y, Kawanishi N, Shigematsu Y, Kawabe T, Ohsaki H, Kobayashi TK. Use of liquid-based preparations in urine cytology: An evaluation of Liqui-PREP and BD SurePath. Diagn Cytopathol 2010; 38:702-4. [PMID: 19950401 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
34
|
Kawanishi N, Norimatsu Y, Funakoshi M, Kamei T, Sonobe H, Kawano R, Kobayashi TK. Fine needle aspiration cytology of solid neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: a case report. Diagn Cytopathol 2010; 39:527-30. [PMID: 21695806 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of neuroendcrine (NE) carcinoma in the right breast of a 67-year-old female, ultrasonography revealed a lesion composed of irregular hypoechoic masses and mammography showed asymmetric breast tissue. Histopathologic examination of the surgical sample showed a solid to nested proliferation of plasmacytoid cells that showed immunocytochemical positivity for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, and estrogen receptor. Our case was diagnosed as solid NE carcinoma. Though the findings of fine needle aspiration cytology reflected the histological features, we were not able to cytopathologic grounds only to predict the NE nature of this tumor. We performed immunocytochemistry using Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin, and CD56 on our cytologic smear retrospectively with positive results for all of the markers. When the cytopathologic examination of a given breast neoplasm is suggestive of NE differentiation, immunocytochemical staining for NE markers is generally useful for a correct preoperative diagnosis. An acurate preoperative diagnosis of NE carcinoma on FNAC can be achieved based on its distinctive cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namiki Kawanishi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mihara Medical Associations Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Anshu, Herbert A, Cochand-Priollet B, Cross P, Desai M, Dina R, Duskova J, Evered A, Farnsworth A, Gray W, Gupta SS, Kapila K, Kardum-Skelin I, Kloboves-Prevodnik V, Kobayashi TK, Koutselini H, Olszewski W, Onal B, Pitman MB, Marinsek Z, Sauer T, Schenck U, Schmitt F, Shabalova I, Smith JHF, Tani E, Vass L, Vielh P, Wiener H. Survey of medical training in cytopathology carried out by the journal Cytopathology. Cytopathology 2010; 21:147-56. [PMID: 20482722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2010.00761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This report of the Editorial Advisory Board of Cytopathology gives the results of a survey of medical practitioners in cytopathology, which aimed to find out their views on the current situation in undergraduate and postgraduate training in their institutions and countries. The results show that training in cytopathology and histopathology are largely carried out at postgraduate level and tend to be organized nationally rather than locally. Histopathology was regarded as essential for training in cytopathology by 89.5% of respondents and was mandatory according to 83.1%. Mandatory cytopathology sections of histopathology were reported by 67.3% and specific examinations in cytopathology by 55.4%. The main deficiencies in training were due to its variability; there were insufficient numbers of pathologists interested in cytology and a consequent lack of training to a high level of competence. Pathologists without specific training in cytopathology signed out cytology reports according to 54.7% of responses, more often in centres where training was 3-6 months or less duration. Although 92.2% of respondents thought that specialist cytology should not be reported by pathologists without experience in general cytopathology, that practice was reported by 30.9%, more often in centres with small workloads. The survey report recommends that 6-12 months should be dedicated to cytopathology during histopathology training, with optional additional training for those wanting to carry out independent practice in cytopathology. Formal accreditation should be mandatory for independent practice in cytopathology. When necessary, temporary placements to centres of good practice should be available for trainees intending to practise independently in cytopathology. There should be adequate numbers of pathologists trained in cytopathology to a high level of competence; some of their time could be released by training cytotechnologists and trainee pathologists to prescreen cytology slides and assess adequacy of fine-needle aspiration samples when immediate diagnosis was not required. The survey demonstrated a clear need for European and international guidelines for training in cytopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kobayashi TK, Bamba M, Ueda M, Nishino T, Muramatsu M, Hino A, Shima A, Echigo T, Oka H. Cytologic diagnosis of central neurocytoma in intraoperative squash preparations: a report of 2 cases. Acta Cytol 2010; 54:209-13. [PMID: 20391982 DOI: 10.1159/000325012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central neurocytoma is a rare central nervous system tumor typically found in the lateral ventricles and at the spectrum pellucidum. Two patients with central neurocytoma underwent intraoperative frozen section diagnoses, and the cytologic evaluations are described. CASES Case 1 was a 21-year-old female who complained about reduced visual acuity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed enhancement of a ventricular tumor. Over 80% of the tumor was removed, but after 14 months' follow-up, the disease progressed and regrowth occurred. The patient had a second tumor resection with gamma knife surgery. Case 2 was a 30-year-old female who presented with headaches. An MRI showed an enhancement of a ventricular tumor, and complete tumor removal was achieved. Cellular samples of both cases typically revealed ill-defined cytoplarm, oval nuclei with finely granular chromatin and micronucleoli. A fibrillose matrix in the background was noted. A typical appearance of perinuclear halo was also recognized. In both cases histopathologic examination was consistent with a central neurocytoma. Immunohistochemistry of both tumors was synaptophysin(+), NSE (+), NeuN(+), GFAP(-), but MIB-1 labeling index was 3.4% in case 1 and 1.1% in case 2. CONCLUSION These are 2 illustrative cases in which the authors report cytologic evaluation of central neurocytomna in intraoperative preparations. These tumors possess distinct cellular features that help with the intraoperative distinction from other intraventricular tumors. Moreover, it should be emphasized that immunostains for neural markers are essential for distinguishing them from other clear cell tumors of the brain, especially oligodendroglioma and clear cell ependymomal neoplasm. A combination of imaging, cytomorphology and immunohistochemical features of central neurocytoma can help to differentiate this condition from other intraventricular tumors. It is thought that careful scrutiny of intraoperative preparations allows one to make a distinction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadao K Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, Imperial Gift Foundation Inc., Ritto, Shiga, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Norimatsu Y, Kouda H, Kobayashi TK, Shimizu K, Yanoh K, Tsukayama C, Miyake Y, Ohno E. Utility of liquid-based cytology in endometrial pathology: diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. Cytopathology 2009; 20:395-402. [PMID: 19863617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2008.00589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of SurePath-liquid-based cytology (LBC) compared to conventional cytological preparations (CCP) in the identification of endometrial carcinoma. METHODS During a 13-month period, direct endometrial samples were collected from 120 patients using the Uterobrush. The material comprised 30 cases each of endometrial carcinoma, proliferative endometrium, secretory endometrium and atrophic endometrium. The following points were investigated:(i) the frequency of cell clumps in endometrial carcinoma; (ii) the area of cell nuclei; (iii) overlapping nuclei. RESULTS (i) Comparison of the frequency of cell clumps with irregular protrusion pattern and papillo-tubular pattern showed no statistically significant difference in either type of cell clump between CCP and LBC. (ii) Comparison of the nuclear area of cells showed a sequential decrease from endometrial carcinoma to secretory endometrium, to proliferative endometrium and to atrophic endometrium, which was significant in CCP and LBC. (iii) Nuclear area was significantly lower with LBC compared with CCP in endometrial carcinoma, secretory endometrium and proliferative endometrium but not atrophic endometrium. (iv) Comparison of the degree of overlapping nuclei showed a sequential decrease from endometrial carcinoma to proliferative endometrium, to secretory endometrium and to atrophic endometrium, which was significant in both CCP and LBC. (v) Comparison of the degree of overlapping nuclei between CCP and LBC showed no significant difference for normal types of endometrium, but LBC had significantly higher values (P < 0.0001) in endometrial carcinoma than in CCP. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed that applying diagnostic criteria used in CCP to LBC was easy to achieve, because LBC had excellent cytoarchitectural preservation and cells were well presented. Although we have not examined all cytological features of malignancy and have not considered atypical hyperplasia, we believe that this method may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of endometrial cytology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Norimatsu
- Department of Pathology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Funamoto Y, Haba R, Kobayashi TK, Kushida Y, Kouno K, Matsunaga T, Shiota A, Hata T. Cytologic diagnosis of vulvar Paget's disease by means of brushing smear: report of a case. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 38:127-31. [PMID: 19691090 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Paget's disease of the vulva is a rare entity; since it may show the same clinical symptoms as benign chronic vulvitis, it may result in a delayed diagnosis. A 63-year-old woman was found to have an eczematoid pink to red lesion located in the vulva. Scraping cytology of the vulva showed isolated malignant cells of Paget type. The patient underwent wide local excision of the vulvar tumor and histopathological examination of resected specimens revealed that Paget cells were distributed singly or tended to form small nests in the epidermis. We consider vigorous brushing cytology to be a useful initial study for cancer screening of patients for any suspicious vulvar lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Funamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Norimatsu Y, Yuminamochi T, Shigematsu Y, Yanoh K, Ikemoto R, Masuno H, Murakami M, Kobayashi TK. Endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown, Part 3: Cytomorphology of “condensed cluster of stromal cells”. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:891-6. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.21141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
41
|
Shimizu K, Norimatsu Y, Kobayashi TK, Sakurai M, Ogura S, Yoshizawa A, Sakurai T, Miyamoto T, Miyake Y, Aratake Y, Sakaguchi T, Ohno E. Diagnostic value of endometrium associated with papillary metaplastic changes in endometrial cytopathology. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:487-91. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.21030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
42
|
Shimizu K, Norimatsu Y, Kobayashi TK, Sakurai M, Ogura S, Yoshizawa A, Miyamoto T, Miyake Y, Aratake Y, Sakaguchi T, Ohno E. Expression of immunoreactivity and genetic mutation in eosinophilic and ciliated metaplastic changes of endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown: cytodiagnostic implications. Ann Diagn Pathol 2009; 13:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
43
|
Fulciniti F, Losito NS, Botti G, Pignata S, Pisano C, Kobayashi TK, Laurelli G, Greggi S. Fine-needle cytology of metastatic endometrioid neoplasms: experience with eight cases. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:347-52. [PMID: 19191293 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the frequency of endometrioid malignancies, few articles in the literature are found concerning their cytopathologic presentation on fine-needle cytology samples. This report describes the cytomorphological findings in eight cases of recurrent or metastatic endometrioid neoplasms on fine-needle cytology samples obtained from various body sites. The cytological findings in metastatic or recurrent endometrioid carcinomas could be classified into five main patterns (i.e.: endometrioid, adeno-squamous, villo-glandular, clear cell, and papillary-serous), in analogy to histology. It is the authors' feeling that an adequate knowledge of the cytopathological features of this group of neoplasms may be important in favoring an early detection of their relapses or metastases and may contribute to save diagnostic time and more invasive procedures to the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Fulciniti
- Cytopathology Service, Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Iwa N, Baba M, Kanai T, Kobayashi TK, Yutani C. Presence of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions and cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology in male breast cancer. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:143-5. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.20911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
45
|
Nakaguro M, Suzuki Y, Ichihara S, Kobayashi TK, Ono K. Epithelial inclusion cyst arising in an intramammary lymph node: case report with cytologic findings. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:199-202. [PMID: 19177497 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of epithelial inclusion cysts (EIC) in axillary lymph nodes is a rare but well recognized entity, arising either from direct implantation or from embryonal rests. Theoretically, EIC can occur in intramammary lymph nodes, but there has been only one prior report of such a lesion. Here, we describe a case of an EIC arising in an intramammary lymph node of a 37-year-old woman. This report focuses on the FNA cytologic features of this lesion and its differential diagnoses. On FNA, the EIC arising in an intramammary lymph node was characterized by mature lymphocytes, squamous epithelial cells, and keratinizing material. The presence of squamous cells can lead to the erroneous diagnosis of more common breast lesions, such as squamous cell carcinoma or metaplastic carcinoma. Contrary to these more sinister diagnoses, EIC arising in an intramammary lymph node is a benign condition. As this rare lesion sometimes mimics a neoplasm both clinically and radiographically, awareness of this entity is important to prevent over treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakaguro
- Department of Pathology, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yanoh K, Norimatsu Y, Hirai Y, Takeshima N, Kamimori A, Nakamura Y, Shimizu K, Kobayashi TK, Murata T, Shiraishi T. New diagnostic reporting format for endometrial cytology based on cytoarchitectural criteria. Cytopathology 2008; 20:388-94. [PMID: 18657157 PMCID: PMC2788060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2008.00581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a new reporting format for endometrial cytology that would standardize the diagnostic criteria and the terminology used for reporting. METHODS In previous studies, cytoarchitectural criteria were found to be useful for the cytological assessment of endometrial lesions. To apply these criteria, an appropriate cytological specimen is imperative. In this article, the requirements of an adequate endometrial cytological specimen for the new diagnostic criteria are first discussed. Then, the diagnostic criteria, standardized on a combination of conventional and cytoarchitectural criteria, are presented. Third, terminology that could be used, not only for reporting the histopathological diagnosis, but also for providing better guidance for the gynaecologist to determine further clinical action, is introduced. The proposed reporting format was investigated using endometrial cytology of 58 cases that were cytologically underestimated or overestimated compared to the histopathological diagnosis made on the subsequent endometrial biopsy or surgical specimens. RESULTS Of the 58 cases, 12 were reassessed as being unsatisfactory for evaluation. Among the remaining 46 cases, 25 of the 27 cases, which had been underestimated and subsequently diagnosed as having endometrial carcinoma or a precursor stage on histopathological examination,were reassessed as recommended for endometrial biopsy. On the other hand, 19 cases overestimated by cytology were all reassessed as not requiring biopsy. CONCLUSIONS The reporting format for endometrial cytology proposed in this article may improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce the number of patients managed inappropriately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Yanoh
- Department of Gynaecology, Suzuka General Hospital, Mie 513-8630, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Norimatsu Y, Miyamoto M, Kobayashi TK, Moriya T, Shimizu K, Yanoh K, Tsukayama C, Miyake Y, Ohno E. Diagnostic utility of phosphatase and tensin homolog, β-catenin, and p53 for endometrial carcinoma by thin-layer endometrial preparations. Cancer 2008; 114:155-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
48
|
Norimatsu Y, Kouda H, Kobayashi TK, Moriya T, Yanoh K, Tsukayama C, Miyake Y, Ohno E. Utility of thin-layer preparations in the endometrial cytology. Ann Diagn Pathol 2008; 12:103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
49
|
Kaneko C, Kato K, Kobayashi TK, Sakamoto H. Significance of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions in malignant pleural effusion. Diagn Cytopathol 2008; 36:531-3. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.20848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
50
|
Norimatsu Y, Miyamoto T, Kobayashi TK, Oda T, Moriya T, Yanoh K, Miyake Y, Ohno E. Utility of thin-layer preparations in endometrial cytology: Immunocytochemical expression of PTEN, beta-catenin and p53 for benign endometrial lesions. Diagn Cytopathol 2008; 36:216-23. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.20795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|