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Ziaei Hezarjaribi H, Karamian M, Geran Orimi T, Pagheh AS, Emadi SN, Fakhar M, Derakhshani-Niya M. Phylogenetic position of Leishmania tropica isolates from an old endemic focus in south-eastern Iran; relying on atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1493-1503. [PMID: 32881318 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major health problem in Iran, with a heavy burden on human health and society. There is little knowledge about the molecular epidemiology of the disease, as well as phylogenetic relationship of causative agents in south-eastern Iran. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular aspects of CL, especially atypical CL in the Bam district, Kerman province, south-eastern Iran, as an endemic region of CL in Iran. The smears were collected from lesion samples of 353 patients clinically suspected to CL, who attended local health centres in the Bam district during 2016-2017. Direct smears were examined for Leishmania parasites using the Giemsa staining technique. Amplification of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS-1) gene were carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then, the ITS1-PCR products were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Overall, 278 cases were confirmed as CL by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained slides. Clinical presentation of the lesions was basically of two types: (a) typical lesions and (b) atypical including lupoid ulcers, sporotrichoid, nodular and exudative lesions. The PCR assay on all specimens of skin lesions proved L. tropica as the main pathogenic agent. Phylogenic analysis revealed high similarity among isolates from the Bam district in the south-east with isolates from Birjand in eastern Iran, as well as with isolates from Herat province in western Afghanistan. The study provided valuable information concerning the genetic diversity of the parasite as one of the factors influencing the clinical manifestations in CL in south-eastern Iran, which could be the basis for planning future control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Department of Parasitolgy, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karamian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Geran Orimi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Department of Parasitolgy, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abdol Sattar Pagheh
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Naser Emadi
- Skin Research Center, Razi and Imam Khomeini Hospitals, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and Iranian Red Crescent, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Department of Parasitolgy, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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