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Labrenz F, Spisák T, Ernst TM, Gomes CA, Quick HH, Axmacher N, Elsenbruch S, Timmann D. Temporal dynamics of fMRI signal changes during conditioned interoceptive pain-related fear and safety acquisition and extinction. Behav Brain Res 2022; 427:113868. [PMID: 35364111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Associative learning and memory mechanisms drive interoceptive signaling along the gut-brain axis, thus shaping affective-emotional reactions and behavior. Specifically, learning to predict potentially harmful, visceral pain is assumed to succeed within very few trials. However, the temporal dynamics of cerebellar and cerebral fMRI signal changes underlying early acquisition and extinction of learned fear signals and the concomitant evolvement of safety learning remain incompletely understood. 3T fMRI data of healthy individuals from three studies were uniformly processed across the whole brain and the cerebellum including an advanced normalizing method of the cerebellum. All studies employed differential delay conditioning (N=94) with one visual cue (CS+) being repeatedly paired with visceral pain as unconditioned stimulus (US) while a second cue remained unpaired (CS-). During subsequent extinction (N=51), all CS were presented without US. Behavioral results revealed increased CS+-aversiveness and CS--pleasantness after conditioning and diminished valence ratings for both CS following extinction. During early acquisition, the CS- induced linearly increasing neural activation in the insula, midcingulate cortex, hippocampus, precuneus as well as cerebral and cerebellar somatomotor regions. The comparison between acquisition and extinction phases yielded a CS--induced linear increase in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus during early acquisition, while there was no evidence for linear fMRI signal changes for the CS+ during acquisition and for both CS during extinction. Based on theoretical accounts of discrimination and temporal difference learning, these results suggest a gradual evolvement of learned safety cues that engage emotional arousal, memory, and cortical modulatory networks. As safety signals are presumably more difficult to learn and to discriminate from learned threat cues, the underlying temporal dynamics may reflect enhanced salience and prediction processing as well as increasing demands for attentional resources and the integration of multisensory information. Maladaptive responses to learned safety signals are a clinically relevant phenotype in multiple conditions, including chronic visceral pain, and can be exceptionally resistant to modification or extinction. Through sustained hypervigilance, safety seeking constitutes one key component in pain and stress-related avoidance behavior, calling for future studies targeting the mechanisms of safety learning and extinction to advance current cognitive-behavioral treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Labrenz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Tamás Spisák
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Ernst
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carlos A Gomes
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Harald H Quick
- High-Field and Hybrid Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Somogyi G, Hlatky D, Spisák T, Spisák Z, Nyitrai G, Czurkó A. Deciphering the scopolamine challenge rat model by preclinical functional MRI. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10873. [PMID: 34035328 PMCID: PMC8149883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During preclinical drug testing, the systemic administration of scopolamine (SCO), a cholinergic antagonist, is widely used. However, it suffers important limitations, like non-specific behavioural effects partly due to its peripheral side-effects. Therefore, neuroimaging measures would enhance its translational value. To this end, in Wistar rats, we measured whisker-stimulation induced functional MRI activation after SCO, peripherally acting butylscopolamine (BSCO), or saline administration in a cross-over design. Besides the commonly used gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GE EPI), we also used an arterial spin labeling method in isoflurane anesthesia. With the GE EPI measurement, SCO decreased the evoked BOLD response in the barrel cortex (BC), while BSCO increased it in the anterior cingulate cortex. In a second experiment, we used GE EPI and spin-echo (SE) EPI sequences in a combined (isoflurane + i.p. dexmedetomidine) anesthesia to account for anesthesia-effects. Here, we also examined the effect of donepezil. In the combined anesthesia, with the GE EPI, SCO decreased the activation in the BC and the inferior colliculus (IC). BSCO reduced the response merely in the IC. Our results revealed that SCO attenuated the evoked BOLD activation in the BC as a probable central effect in both experiments. The likely peripheral vascular actions of SCO with the given fMRI sequences depended on the type of anesthesia or its dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Somogyi
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., POB: 27, Budapest 10, H-1475 , Hungary
| | - Dávid Hlatky
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., POB: 27, Budapest 10, H-1475 , Hungary
| | - Tamás Spisák
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., POB: 27, Budapest 10, H-1475 , Hungary.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zsófia Spisák
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., POB: 27, Budapest 10, H-1475 , Hungary
| | - Gabriella Nyitrai
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., POB: 27, Budapest 10, H-1475 , Hungary
| | - András Czurkó
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., POB: 27, Budapest 10, H-1475 , Hungary.
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Zunhammer M, Spisák T, Wager TD, Bingel U. Meta-analysis of neural systems underlying placebo analgesia from individual participant fMRI data. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1391. [PMID: 33654105 PMCID: PMC7925520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain systems underlying placebo analgesia are insufficiently understood. Here we performed a systematic, participant-level meta-analysis of experimental functional neuroimaging studies of evoked pain under stimulus-intensity-matched placebo and control conditions, encompassing 603 healthy participants from 20 (out of 28 eligible) studies. We find that placebo vs. control treatments induce small, widespread reductions in pain-related activity, particularly in regions belonging to ventral attention (including mid-insula) and somatomotor networks (including posterior insula). Behavioral placebo analgesia correlates with reduced pain-related activity in these networks and the thalamus, habenula, mid-cingulate, and supplementary motor area. Placebo-associated activity increases occur mainly in frontoparietal regions, with high between-study heterogeneity. We conclude that placebo treatments affect pain-related activity in multiple brain areas, which may reflect changes in nociception and/or other affective and decision-making processes surrounding pain. Between-study heterogeneity suggests that placebo analgesia is a multi-faceted phenomenon involving multiple cerebral mechanisms that differ across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Zunhammer
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tamás Spisák
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tor D Wager
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Ulrike Bingel
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Nagy M, Aranyi C, Opposits G, Papp T, Lánczi L, Berényi E, Vér C, Csiba L, Katona P, Spisák T, Emri M. Effective connectivity differences in motor network during passive movement of paretic and non-paretic ankles in subacute stroke patients. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8942. [PMID: 32518713 PMCID: PMC7258895 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A better understanding of the neural changes associated with paresis in stroke patients could have important implications for therapeutic approaches. Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is commonly used for analyzing effective connectivity patterns of brain networks due to its significant property of modeling neural states behind fMRI signals. We applied this technique to analyze the differences between motor networks (MNW) activated by continuous passive movement (CPM) of paretic and non-paretic ankles in subacute stroke patients. This study aimed to identify CPM induced connectivity characteristics of the primary sensory area (S1) and the differences in extrinsic directed connections of the MNW and to explain the hemodynamic differences of brain regions of MNW. Methods For the network analysis, we used ten stroke patients’ task fMRI data collected under CPMs of both ankles. Regions for the MNW, the primary motor cortex (M1), the premotor cortex (PM), the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the S1 were defined in a data-driven way, by independent component analysis. For the network analysis of both CPMs, we compared twelve models organized into two model-families, depending on the S1 connections and input stimulus modeling. Using DCM, we evaluated the extrinsic connectivity strengths and hemodynamic parameters of both stimulations of all patients. Results After a statistical comparison of the extrinsic connections and their modulations of the “best model”, we concluded that three contralateral self-inhibitions (cM1, cS1 and cSMA), one contralateral inter-regional connection (cSMA→cM1), and one interhemispheric connection (cM1→iM1) were significantly different. Our research shows that hemodynamic parameters can be estimated with the Balloon model using DCM but the parameters do not change with stroke. Conclusions Our results confirm that the DCM-based connectivity analyses combined with Bayesian model selection may be a useful technique for quantifying the alteration or differences in the characteristics of the motor network in subacute stage stroke patients and in determining the degree of MNW changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Nagy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Csaba Aranyi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Gábor Opposits
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Levente Lánczi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kenézy University Hospital, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Ervin Berényi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Csilla Vér
- Clinical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - László Csiba
- Clinical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Péter Katona
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kenézy University Hospital, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Tamás Spisák
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Miklós Emri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
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Kincses B, Spisák T, Faragó P, Király A, Szabó N, Veréb D, Kocsis K, Bozsik B, Tóth E, Vécsei L, Kincses ZT. Brain MRI Diffusion Encoding Direction Number Affects Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Results in Multiple Sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:512-522. [PMID: 32447822 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a promising approach to detect the underlying brain pathology. These alterations can be seen in several diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) is an easy to use and robust way for analyzing diffusion data. The effect of acquisition parameters of DTI on TBSS has not been evaluated, especially the number of diffusion encoding directions (NDED), which is directly proportional with scan time. METHODS We analyzed a large set of DTI data of healthy controls (N = 126) and multiple sclerosis patients (N = 78). The highest NDED (60 directions) was reduced and a tensor calculation was done separately for every subset. We calculated the mean and standard deviation of DTI parameters under the white matter mask. Moreover, the FMRIB Software Library TBSS pipeline was used on DTI images with 15, 30, 45, and 60 directions to compare differences between groups. Mean DTI parameters were compared between groups as a function of NDED. RESULTS The mean value of FA and AD decreased with increasing number of directions. This was more pronounced in areas with smaller FA values. RD and MD were constant. The skeleton size reduced with elevating NDED along with the number of significant voxels. The TBSS analysis showed significant differences between groups throughout the majority of the skeleton and the group difference was associated with NDED. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that results of TBSS depended on the NDED, which should be considered when comparing DTI data with varying protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Kincses
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Spisák
- Bingel Laboratory, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Péter Faragó
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Király
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Szabó
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Veréb
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Bence Bozsik
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Tóth
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Tamás Kincses
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Radiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Spisák T, Spisák Z, Zunhammer M, Bingel U, Smith S, Nichols T, Kincses T. Probabilistic TFCE: A generalized combination of cluster size and voxel intensity to increase statistical power. Neuroimage 2018; 185:12-26. [PMID: 30296561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) approach integrates cluster information into voxel-wise statistical inference to enhance detectability of neuroimaging signal. Despite the significantly increased sensitivity, the application of TFCE is limited by several factors: (i) generalisation to data structures, like brain network connectivity data is not trivial, (ii) TFCE values are in an arbitrary unit, therefore, P-values can only be obtained by a computationally demanding permutation-test. Here, we introduce a probabilistic approach for TFCE (pTFCE), that gives a simple general framework for topology-based belief boosting. The core of pTFCE is a conditional probability, calculated based on Bayes' rule, from the probability of voxel intensity and the threshold-wise likelihood function of the measured cluster size. In this paper, we provide an estimation of these distributions based on Gaussian Random Field theory. The conditional probabilities are then aggregated across cluster-forming thresholds by a novel incremental aggregation method. pTFCE is validated on simulated and real fMRI data. The results suggest that pTFCE is more robust to various ground truth shapes and provides a stricter control over cluster "leaking" than TFCE and, in many realistic cases, further improves its sensitivity. Correction for multiple comparisons can be trivially performed on the enhanced P-values, without the need for permutation testing, thus pTFCE is well-suitable for the improvement of statistical inference in any neuroimaging workflow. Implementation of pTFCE is available at https://spisakt.github.io/pTFCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Spisák
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Ulrike Bingel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephen Smith
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Nichols
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tamás Kincses
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Nyitrai G, Spisák T, Spisák Z, Gajári D, Diószegi P, Kincses TZ, Czurkó A. Stepwise occlusion of the carotid arteries of the rat: MRI assessment of the effect of donepezil and hypoperfusion-induced brain atrophy and white matter microstructural changes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198265. [PMID: 29851990 PMCID: PMC5979036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) in the rat is a widely used animal model of vascular dementia and a valuable tool for preclinical pharmacological drug testing, although the varying degrees of acute focal ischemic lesions it induces could interfere with its translational value. Recently, a modification to the BCCAo model, the stepwise occlusion of the two carotid arteries, has been introduced. To acquire objective translatable measures, we used longitudinal multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the effects of semi-chronic (8 days) donepezil treatment in this model, with half of the Wistar rats receiving the treatment one week after the stepwise BCCAo. With an ultrahigh field MRI, we measured high-resolution anatomy, diffusion tensor imaging, cerebral blood flow measurements and functional MRI in response to whisker stimulation, to evaluate both the structural and functional effects of the donepezil treatment and stepwise BCCAo up to 5 weeks post-occlusion. While no large ischemic lesions were detected, atrophy in the striatum and in the neocortex, along with widespread white matter microstructural changes, were found. Donepezil ameliorated the transient drop in the somatosensory BOLD response in distant cortical areas, as detected 2 weeks after the occlusion but the drug had no effect on the long term structural changes. Our results demonstrate a measurable functional MRI effect of the donepezil treatment and the importance of diffusion MRI and voxel based morphometry (VBM) analysis in the translational evaluation of the rat BCCAo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Nyitrai
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Tamás Spisák
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Spisák
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Gajári
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pálma Diószegi
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Zsigmond Kincses
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Czurkó
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
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Tóth E, Szabó N, Csete G, Király A, Faragó P, Spisák T, Bencsik K, Vécsei L, Kincses ZT. Gray Matter Atrophy Is Primarily Related to Demyelination of Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging MRI Study. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:23. [PMID: 28424595 PMCID: PMC5372801 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cortical pathology, periventricular demyelination, and lesion formation in multiple sclerosis (MS) are related (Hypothesis 1). Factors in the cerebrospinal fluid close to these compartments could possibly drive the parallel processes. Alternatively, the cortical atrophy could be caused by remote axonal transection (Hypothesis 2). Since MRI can differentiate between demyelination and axon loss, we used this imaging modality to investigate the correlation between the pattern of diffusion parameter changes in the periventricular- and deep white matter and the gray matter atrophy. Methods: High-resolution T1-weighted, FLAIR, and diffusion MRI images were acquired in 52 RRMS patients and 50 healthy, age-matched controls. We used EDSS to estimate the clinical disability. We used Tract Based Spatial Statistics to compare diffusion parameters (fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity) between groups. We evaluated global brain, white, and gray matter atrophy with SIENAX. Averaged, standard diffusion parameters were calculated in four compartment: periventricular lesioned and normal appearing white matter, non-periventricular lesioned and normal appearing white matter. PLS regression was used to identify which diffusion parameter and in which compartment best predicts the brain atrophy and clinical disability. Results: In our diffusion tensor imaging study compared to controls we found extensive alterations of fractional anisotropy, mean and radial diffusivity and smaller changes of axial diffusivity (maximal p > 0.0002) in patients that suggested demyelination in the lesioned and in the normal appearing white matter. We found significant reduction in total brain, total white, and gray matter (patients: 718.764 ± 14.968, 323.237 ± 7.246, 395.527 ± 8.050 cm3, controls: 791.772 ± 22.692, 355.350 ± 10.929, 436.422 ± 12.011 cm3; mean ± SE), (p < 0.015; p < 0.0001; p < 0.009; respectively) of patients compared to controls. The PLS analysis revealed a combination of demyelination-like diffusion parameters (higher mean and radial diffusivity in patients) in the lesions and in the non-lesioned periventricular white matter, which best predicted the gray matter atrophy (p < 0.001). Similarly, EDSS was best predicted by the radial diffusivity of the lesions and the non-lesioned periventricular white matter, but axial diffusivity of the periventricular lesions also contributed significantly (p < 0.0001). Interpretation: Our investigation showed that gray matter atrophy and white matter demyelination are related in MS but white matter axonal loss does not significantly contribute to the gray matter pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Tóth
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Gergõ Csete
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - András Király
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czechia
| | - Péter Faragó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czechia
| | - Tamás Spisák
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary.,Neuroscience Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond T Kincses
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
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Spisák T, Pozsgay Z, Aranyi C, Dávid S, Kocsis P, Nyitrai G, Gajári D, Emri M, Czurkó A, Kincses ZT. Central sensitization-related changes of effective and functional connectivity in the rat inflammatory trigeminal pain model. Neuroscience 2016; 344:133-147. [PMID: 28003158 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Central sensitization is a key mechanism in the pathology of several neuropathic pain disorders. We aimed to investigate the underlying brain connectivity changes in a rat model of chronic pain. Non-noxious whisker stimulation was used to evoke blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in a block-design functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) experiment on 9.4T. Measurements were repeated two days and one week after injecting complete Freund's adjuvant into the rats' whisker pad. We found that acute pain reduced activation in the barrel cortex, most probably due to a plateau effect. After one week, increased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex was found. Analyses of effective connectivity driven by stimulus-related activation revealed that chronic pain-related central sensitization manifested as a widespread alteration in the activity of the somatosensory network. Changes were mainly mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex and the striatum and affected the somatosensory and motor cortices and the superior colliculus. Functional connectivity analysis of nested BOLD oscillations justified that the anterior cingular-somatosensory interplay is a key element of network changes. Additionally, a decreased cingulo-motor functional connectivity implies that alterations also involve the output tract of the network. Our results extend the knowledge about the role of the cingulate cortex in the chronification of pain and indicate that integration of multiple connectivity analysis could be fruitful in studying the central sensitization in the pain matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Spisák
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Pozsgay
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Aranyi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Dávid
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Kocsis
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Dávid Gajári
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Czurkó
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Tamás Kincses
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Hungary; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Aranyi C, Opposits G, Nagy M, Berényi E, Vér C, Csiba L, Katona P, Spisák T, Emri M. Population-Level Correction of Systematic Motion Artifacts in fMRI in Patients with Ischemic Stroke. J Neuroimaging 2016; 27:397-408. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Aranyi
- Department of Medical Imaging; University of Debrecen; Hungary
| | - Gábor Opposits
- Department of Medical Imaging; University of Debrecen; Hungary
| | - Marianna Nagy
- Department of Medical Imaging; University of Debrecen; Hungary
| | - Ervin Berényi
- Department of Medical Imaging; University of Debrecen; Hungary
| | - Csilla Vér
- Department of Neurology; University of Debrecen; Hungary
| | - László Csiba
- Department of Neurology; University of Debrecen; Hungary
| | - Péter Katona
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; Kenézy Gyula County Hospital; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Tamás Spisák
- Preclinical Imaging and Biomarker Center; Gedeon Richter Plc.; Budapest Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- Department of Medical Imaging; University of Debrecen; Hungary
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11
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Vér C, Emri M, Spisák T, Berényi E, Kovács K, Katona P, Balkay L, Menyhárt L, Kardos L, Csiba L. The Effect of Passive Movement for Paretic Ankle-Foot and Brain Activity in Post-Stroke Patients. Eur Neurol 2016; 76:132-142. [PMID: 27577057 DOI: 10.1159/000448033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims at investigating the short-term efficacy of the continuous passive motion (CPM) device developed for the therapy of ankle-foot paresis and to investigate by fMRI the blood oxygen level-dependent responses (BOLD) during ankle passive movement (PM). METHODS Sixty-four stroke patients were investigated. Patients were assigned into 2 groups: 49 patients received both 15 min manual and 30 min device therapy (M + D), while the other group (n = 15) received only 15 min manual therapy (M). A third group of stroke patients (n = 12) was investigated by fMRI before and immediately after 30 min CPM device therapy. There was no direct relation between the fMRI group and the other 2 groups. All subjects were assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and a goniometer. RESULTS Mean MAS decreased, the ankle's mean plantar flexion and dorsiflexion passive range of motion (PROM) increased and the equinovalgus improved significantly in the M + D group. In the fMRI group, the PM of the paretic ankle increased BOLD responses; this was observed in the contralateral pre- and postcentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, central opercular cortex, and in the ipsilateral postcentral gyrus, frontal operculum cortex and cerebellum. CONCLUSION Manual therapy with CPM device therapy improved the ankle PROM, equinovalgus and severity of spasticity. The ankle PM increased ipsi- and contralateral cortical activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Vér
- Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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12
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Clemens B, Puskás S, Spisák T, Lajtos I, Opposits G, Besenyei M, Hollódy K, Fogarasi A, Kovács NZ, Fekete I, Emri M. Increased resting-state EEG functional connectivity in benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes. Seizure 2016; 35:50-5. [PMID: 26794010 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore intrahemispheric, cortico-cortical EEG functional connectivity (EEGfC) in benign childhood epilepsy with rolandic spikes (BECTS). METHODS 21-channel EEG was recorded in 17 non-medicated BECTS children and 19 healthy controls. 180s of spike- and artifact-free activity was selected for EEGfC analysis. Correlation of Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography- (LORETA-) defined current source density time series were computed between two cortical areas (region of interest, ROI). Analyses were based on broad-band EEGfC results. Groups were compared by statistical parametric network (SPN) method. Statistically significant differences between group EEGfC values were emphasized at p<0.05 corrected for multiple comparison by local false discovery rate (FDR). RESULTS (1) Bilaterally increased beta EEGfC occurred in the BECTS group as compared to the controls. Greatest beta abnormality emerged between frontal and frontal, as well as frontal and temporal ROIs. (2) Locally increased EEGfC emerged in all frequency bands in the right parietal area. CONCLUSIONS Areas of increased EEGfC topographically correspond to cortical areas that, based on relevant literature, are related to speech and attention deficit in BECTS children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Clemens
- Kenézy Gyula Hospital, Department of Neurology, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Puskás
- University of Debrecen, Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Spisák
- University of Debrecen, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Imre Lajtos
- University of Debrecen, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Opposits
- University of Debrecen, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Besenyei
- University of Debrecen, Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - András Fogarasi
- Epilepsy Center, Bethesda Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - István Fekete
- University of Debrecen, Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- University of Debrecen, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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13
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Clemens B, Puskás S, Besenyei M, Spisák T, Opposits G, Hollódy K, Fogarasi A, Fekete I, Emri M. Neurophysiology of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: EEG-based network and graph analysis of the interictal and immediate preictal states. Epilepsy Res 2013; 106:357-69. [PMID: 23886656 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuronal mechanisms of enduring seizure propensity and seizure precipitation in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) are not known. We investigated these issues, within the framework of the "network concept" of epilepsy. METHODS Design1: 19, unmedicated JME patients were compared with nineteen, age-, and sex-matched normal control persons (NC). A total of 120s, artifact-free, paroxysm-free, eyes-closed, resting state EEG background activity was analyzed for each person. Design2: interictal and immediate preictal periods of the JME patients were compared in order to explore interictal-preictal network differences. For both comparison designs, statistically significant differences of EEG functional connectivity (EEGfC), nodal and global graph parameters were evaluated. MAIN RESULTS Design1: maximum abnormalities were: increased delta, theta, alpha1 EEGfC and decreased alpha2 and beta EEGfC in the JME group as compared to the NC group, mainly among cortical areas that are involved in sensory-motor integration. Nodal degree and efficiency of three, medial, basal frontal nodes were greater in JME than in NC, in the alpha1 band. Design2: preictal delta EEGfC showed further increase in the above-mentioned areas, as compared to the interictal state. DISCUSSION Increased EEGfC indicates a hypercoupled state among the specified cortical areas. This interictal abnormality further increases in the preictal state. Nodal graph statistics indicates abnormal neuronal dynamics in the cortical area that is the ictal onset zone in JME. SIGNIFICANCE Interictal and preictal neuronal dysfunction has been described in terms of network dynamics and topography in JME patients. Forthcoming investigations of seizure precipitation and therapeutic drug effects are encouraged on this basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clemens
- Kenézy Hospital Ltd., Department of Neurology, Debrecen, Hungary
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14
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Clemens B, Puskás S, Besenyei M, Spisák T, Emri M, Fekete I. Remission of benign epilepsy with rolandic spikes: an EEG-based connectivity study at the onset of the disease and at remission. Epilepsy Res 2013; 106:128-35. [PMID: 23693025 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The neuronal mechanisms of remission of epilepsy are not known. Based on the principles of the "network theory of epilepsy" we postulated the existence of abnormal cortico-cortical interactions at the onset of epilepsy (Hypothesis-1), and postulated that remission is associated with the decrease or disappearance of the abnormal quantitative EEG findings (Hypothesis-2). METHODS Four children with benign epilepsy with rolandic sharp waves (BERS) were investigated. 21-channel EEG was recorded at the onset of the disease (Setting No. 1) and in remission (Setting No. 2). Local EEG synchronization was estimated by LORETA (low resolution electromagnetic tomography). Remote EEG synchronization (intra-hemispheric, cortico-cortical EEG functional connectivity, EEGfC) was computed by the LSC (LORETA Source Correlation) method, among 23 regions of interest (ROI) in both hemispheres. Both local and remote EEG synchronization were evaluated in very narrow frequency bands of 1Hz bandwidth (VNB), from 1 to 25Hz. RESULTS Individual results were presented. Abnormal but topographically very dissimilar LORETA and LSC findings were found at the onset of the disease. The disappearance of the initial abnormalities was found in Setting No. 2. An unforeseen finding was the presence of abnormal EEGfC results in Setting No. 2. DISCUSSION The authors confirmed both hypotheses. The dissimilarity of the initial abnormalities is in accord with the network concept of epilepsy and the etiology of BERS. The disappearance of the initial abnormalities reflects "normalization" of network dynamics while the emergence of new EEGfC abnormalities is interpreted as "compensation". CONCLUSION EEG-based local and remote connectivity (EEGfC) are appropriate tools to describe network dynamics in the active state of BERS and in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clemens
- Kenézy Hospital Ltd., Department of Neurology, Bartók Béla út 3, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary
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Clemens B, Puskás S, Bessenyei M, Emri M, Spisák T, Koselák M, Hollódy K, Fogarasi A, Kondákor I, Füle K, Bense K, Fekete I. EEG functional connectivity of the intrahemispheric cortico-cortical network of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2011; 96:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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