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Davidson M, Louvet F, Meudec E, Landolt C, Grenier K, Périno S, Ouk TS, Saad N. Optimized Single-Step Recovery of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds from Raspberry, Strawberry and Blackberry Pomaces Using a Simultaneous Ultrasound-Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (UEAE). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1793. [PMID: 37891873 PMCID: PMC10603877 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An ultrasound-enzyme-assisted extraction (UEAE) was optimized to extract, simultaneously, the hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds from three berry pomaces (raspberry, strawberry and blackberry). First, an enzyme screening designated a thermostable alkaline protease as the most suitable enzyme to recover, in an aqueous medium, the highest yields of polyphenols and oil in the most efficient way. Secondly, the selected enzyme was coupled to ultrasounds (US) in sequential and simultaneous combinations. The simultaneous US-alkaline enzyme combination was selected as a one-single-step process and was then optimized by definitive screening design (DSD). The optimized parameters were: US amplitude, 20% (raspberry pomace) or 70% (strawberry and blackberry pomaces); pH, 8; E/S ratio, 1% (w/w); S/L ratio, 6% (w/v); extraction time, 30 min; temperature, 60 °C. Compared to conventional extractions using organic solvents, the UEAE extracted all the polyphenols, with around 75% of the active polyphenols (measured by the DPPH● method) and up to 75% of the initial oil from the berry pomaces. Characterized lipophilic compounds were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), tocols and phytosterols. The polyphenolics were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS; characteristic ellagitannins of the Rosaceae family (sanguiin H-6 or agrimoniin, sanguiin H-10, …) and ellagic acid conjugates were found as the major components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag Davidson
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (K.G.); (T.-S.O.)
| | - François Louvet
- ENSIL-ENSCI Formation: Céramique Industrielle, ESTER, Université de Limoges, 87068 Limoges, France;
| | - Emmanuelle Meudec
- SPO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France;
- INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, Polyphenol Analytical Facility, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Cornelia Landolt
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (K.G.); (T.-S.O.)
| | - Karine Grenier
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (K.G.); (T.-S.O.)
| | - Sandrine Périno
- Équipe GREEN, UMR 408 SQPOV, Avignon Université, F-84000 Avignon, France;
| | - Tan-Sothéa Ouk
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (K.G.); (T.-S.O.)
| | - Naïma Saad
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (K.G.); (T.-S.O.)
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Elkihel A, Vernisse C, Ouk TS, Lucas-Roper R, Chaleix V, Sol V. Xylan-Porphyrin Hydrogels as Light-Triggered Gram-Positive Antibacterial Agents. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020124. [PMID: 36826294 PMCID: PMC9957218 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we report on the synthesis of light-triggered antibacterial hydrogels, based on xylan chains covalently bound to meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP). Not only does TCPP act as a photosensitizer efficient against Gram-positive bacteria, but it also serves as a cross-linking gelator, enabling the simple and easy building of xylan conjugate hydrogels. The hydrogels were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), along with swelling and rheological tests. The antimicrobial activity of the hydrogels was tested under visible light irradiation against two Gram-positive bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The preliminary results showed an interesting activity on these bacteria, indicating that these hydrogels could be of great potential in the treatment of skin bacterial infections with this species by photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tan-Sothéa Ouk
- University Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, 87000 Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Vincent Sol
- University Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, 87000 Limoges, France
- Correspondence:
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Elkihel A, Christie C, Vernisse C, Ouk TS, Lucas R, Chaleix V, Sol V. Xylan-Based Cross-Linked Hydrogel for Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:7204-7212. [PMID: 35006952 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy or PACT has been shown to be a promising antibacterial treatment that could overcome the challenge of multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the use of most existing photosensitizers has been severely hampered by their significant self-quenching effect, poor water solubility, lack of selectivity against bacterial cells, and possible damage to the surrounding tissues. The use of hydrogels may overcome some of these limitations. We herein report a simple strategy to synthesize a cross-linked hydrogel from beech xylan. The hydrogel showed a high swelling ratio, up to 62, an interconnected porous structure, and good mechanical integrity, and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin tetraiodide (TMPyP) was chosen as a model of hydrophilic photosensitizer (PS) and was encapsulated inside the xylan-based hydrogel. TMPyP-loaded hydrogel prolonged release of PS up to 24 h with a cumulative amount that could reach 100%. TMPyP-loaded hydrogel showed a photocytotoxic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus strains, and Bacillus cereus, while no cytotoxicity was observed in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdechakour Elkihel
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Camille Christie
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Charlotte Vernisse
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Tan-Sothéa Ouk
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Romain Lucas
- Université de Limoges, IRCER, UMR 7315, F-87068 Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Chaleix
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
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Godard J, Gibbons D, Leroy-Lhez S, Williams RM, Villandier N, Ouk TS, Brégier F, Sol V. Development of Phenalenone-Triazolium Salt Derivatives for aPDT: Synthesis and Antibacterial Screening. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060626. [PMID: 34074067 PMCID: PMC8225023 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of hospital-acquired infections demand the development of innovative antimicrobial treatments. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a versatile technique which relies on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by light-irradiated photosensitizers (PS) in the presence of oxygen (O2). 1H-Phenalen-1-one is a very efficient photosensitizer known for its high singlet oxygen quantum yield and its antimicrobial potential in aPDT when covalently bound to quaternary ammonium groups. Triazolium salts are stable aromatic quaternary ammonium salts that recently appeared as interesting moieties endowed with antimicrobial activities. The coupling between phenalenone and triazolium groups bearing various substituents was realized by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition followed by alkylation with methyl iodide or 2-(bromomethyl)-1H-phenalen-1-one. As expected, most of the compounds retained the initial singlet oxygen quantum yield, close to unity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 14 new phenalenone-triazolium salt derivatives and 2 phenalenone-triazole derivatives were determined against 6 bacterial strains (Gram-negatives and Gram-positives species). Most of these PS showed significant photoinactivation activities, the strongest effects being observed against Gram-positive strains with as low as submicromolar MIC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Godard
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Dáire Gibbons
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
| | - René M. Williams
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Nicolas Villandier
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Tan-Sothéa Ouk
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Frédérique Brégier
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Le Guern F, Ouk TS, Yerzhan I, Nurlykyz Y, Arnoux P, Frochot C, Leroy-Lhez S, Sol V. Photophysical and Bactericidal Properties of Pyridinium and Imidazolium Porphyrins for Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041122. [PMID: 33672630 PMCID: PMC7924203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances achieved over the last decade, infections caused by multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains are increasingly becoming important societal issues that need to be addressed. New approaches have already been developed in order to overcome this problem. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) could provide an alternative to fight infectious bacteria. Many studies have highlighted the value of cationic photosensitizers in order to improve this approach. This study reports the synthesis and the characterization of cationic porphyrins derived from methylimidazolium and phenylimidazolium porphyrins, along with a comparison of their photophysical properties with the well-known N-methylpyridyl (pyridinium) porphyrin family. PACT tests conducted with the tetracationic porphyrins of these three families showed that these new photosensitizers may offer a good alternative to the classical pyridinium porphyrins, especially against S.aureus and E.coli. In addition, they pave the way to new cationic photosensitizers by the means of derivatization through amide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Le Guern
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, 78035 Versailles, France;
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Tan-Sothéa Ouk
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Issabayev Yerzhan
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Yesmurzayeva Nurlykyz
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Philippe Arnoux
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Céline Frochot
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Saad N, Louvet F, Tarrade S, Meudec E, Grenier K, Landolt C, Ouk TS, Bressollier P. Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Pomace. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1371-1381. [PMID: 31112298 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Industrial processing of raspberries into juice and jam results in the production of with high content of lipophilic and hydrophilic phytochemicals. Usually considered as waste, raspberry pomace is occasionally cold-pressed to recover specialty oil. However, the resulting pomace press-cake (PPC) still contains 30% to 35% of lipophilic compounds, such as essential fatty acids, tocols, phytosterols, and ellagitannins initially present in pomace. In a perspective of sustainable development, we investigate an eco-friendly process using an aqueous enzyme-assisted extraction (AEAE) to simultaneously and effectively recover lipophilic compounds and polyphenols from the PPC. The performance of different combinations of carbohydrases and proteases was compared. After selecting the best enzymatic system, a definitive screening design involving six factors was then implemented to optimize the process. Under optimized conditions, 1.2 units of thermostable alkaline protease/100 g PPC, pH 9, 60 °C, and 2 hr hydrolysis, more than 38% of total PPC lipophilic content were recovered in the aqueous medium. The recovery of polyphenols and antioxidant activity was, respectively, 48% and 25% higher than obtained by extraction with methanol/acetone/water mixture. Such an AEAE extract might prove useful in food and nutraceutical applications. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Raspberry pomace, a food industrial by-product, is often considered as waste. However, it is a rich source of phytochemicals, such as tocols, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. To overcome the drawbacks of organic solvent use, an enzyme-assisted extraction process was developed as an eco-friendly alternative to recover these bioactive compounds. Definitive screening design experimental design was used to enhance polyphenols and lipophilics extraction yields while reducing process costs. This extract is an oil-in-water emulsion, with high content in antioxidant phytochemicals, which might have potential for use in nutraceutical applications. Therefore, this green process developed for the valorization of raspberry pomace is considered as a perspective of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saad
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, site IUT, Dépt. Génie Biologique, Univ. de Limoges, 87065, Limoges, France
| | - F Louvet
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, site IUT, Dépt. Génie Biologique, Univ. de Limoges, 87065, Limoges, France.,ENSIL-ENSCI Formation: Céramique Industrielle, Univ. de Limoges, ESTER, 87068, Limoges, France
| | - S Tarrade
- Centre de Valorisation Agro ressources (CVA), 19100 Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | - E Meudec
- Plate-forme Polyphenols, INRA UMR-SPO, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. de Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - K Grenier
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, site IUT, Dépt. Génie Biologique, Univ. de Limoges, 87065, Limoges, France
| | - C Landolt
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, site IUT, Dépt. Génie Biologique, Univ. de Limoges, 87065, Limoges, France
| | - T S Ouk
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, site IUT, Dépt. Génie Biologique, Univ. de Limoges, 87065, Limoges, France
| | - P Bressollier
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, EA 7500, site IUT, Dépt. Génie Biologique, Univ. de Limoges, 87065, Limoges, France
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Khaldi Z, Besse C, Nzambe Ta Keki JK, Ouk TS, Gloaguen V, Zerrouki R. Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activities of a new lignocellulosic material carrying aryl triazole moiety. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Khaldi
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; Université de Limoges; Limoges France
| | - Claire Besse
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; Université de Limoges; Limoges France
| | | | - Tan-Sothéa Ouk
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; Université de Limoges; Limoges France
| | - Vincent Gloaguen
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; Université de Limoges; Limoges France
| | - Rachida Zerrouki
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; Université de Limoges; Limoges France
- Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Lignocellulosiques; Université du Québec À Trois-Rivières; Trois-Rivières Canada
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Abstract
Bacterial infections and surface contaminations are worrying public health issues. It becomes urgent to find solutions. One of the ways to limit bacterial proliferation is to develop new antimicrobial materials. The phenolic compounds of essential oils like thymol and carvacrol, are attractive antibacterial candidates, which have gained great popularity in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. This work describes the elaboration of bioinspired antibacterial materials. Thymol and carvacrol are linked to kraft pulp fibers, via triazine link. This novel material has been investigated for its antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The developed materials show very interesting antibacterial activity. The grafting of thymol and carvacrol by covalent bond allows to avoid the problem of their release and, thus, could maintain the antibacterial properties of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Khaldi
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Tan-Sothéa Ouk
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Rachida Zerrouki
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
- Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Lignocellulosiques, Université du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Nzambe Ta keki JK, Ouk TS, Zerrouki R, Faugeras PA, Sol V, Brouillette F. Synthesis and photobactericidal properties of a neutral porphyrin grafted onto lignocellulosic fibers. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 62:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ndour PA, Ouk TS, Brocqueville G, Mougel A, Vanhecke E, Feuillard J, Coll J, Adriaenssens E. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-induced phenotypes by short intracellular versions of latent membrane protein-1. Cell Signal 2009; 22:303-13. [PMID: 19796681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent multi-functional cytokine with a homeostatic role in host defence. In case of deregulation, TNF is implicated in numerous pathologies. The latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) is expressed by Epstein-Barr virus during viral latency and displaying properties of a constitutively activated member of the TNF receptor family. Both TNFR1 and LMP1 share a similar set of proximal adapters and signalling pathways although they display different biological responses. We previously demonstrated that the intracellular part of LMP1, LMP1-CT, a dominant-negative form of LMP1, inhibits LMP1 signalling. Here, we developed shorter versions derived from C-terminal part of LMP1 to investigate their roles on LMP1 and TNF signalling. We constructed several mutants of LMP1 containing a part of cytoplasmic signalling region fused to the green fluorescent protein. These mutants selectively impair signalling by LMP1 and TNF but not by IL-1beta which uses other adapters. Dominant-negative effect was due to binding and sequestration of LMP1 adapters RIP, TRAF2 and TRADD as assessed by coimmunoprecipitation experiments and confocal analysis. Expression of these mutants impairs the recruitment of these adapters by TNFR1 and TNF-associated phenotypes. These mutants did not display cytostatic properties but were able to modulate TNF-induced phenotypes, apoptosis or cell survival, depending on the cell context. Interestingly, these mutants are able to inhibit a pro-inflammatory response in endothelial cells. These data demonstrate that LMP1 derived molecules can be used to design compounds with potential therapeutic roles in diseases due to TNF overactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papa Alioune Ndour
- CNRS UMR, Institut de Biologie de Lille, IFR, Université Lille-Nord de France, France
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Macia L, Delacre M, Abboud G, Ouk TS, Delanoye A, Verwaerde C, Saule P, Wolowczuk I. Impairment of dendritic cell functionality and steady-state number in obese mice. J Immunol 2006; 177:5997-6006. [PMID: 17056524 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.9.5997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a finely tuned interplay between immune and neuroendocrine systems. Metabolic disturbances like obesity will have serious consequences on immunity both at the cellular and at the cytokine expression levels. Our in vivo results confirm the immune deficiency of ob/ob mice, leptin deficient and massively obese, characterized by a reduced Ag-specific T cell proliferation after keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunization. In this report, we show that dendritic cells (DCs), major APCs involved in T lymphocyte priming, are affected in obese mice. Both their function and their steady-state number are disturbed. We demonstrate that DCs from ob/ob mice are less potent in stimulation of allogenic T cells in vitro. This impaired functionality is not associated with altered expression of phenotypic markers but with the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines such as TGF-beta. Moreover, we show increased in vivo steady-state number of epidermal DCs in ob/ob mice, which is not due to a migratory defect. The ob/ob mice are characterized by the absence of functional leptin, a key adipokine linking nutrition, metabolism, and immune functions. Interestingly, intradermal injection of leptin is able to restore epidermal DC number in obese mice. Thus, DCs might be directly sensitive to metabolic disturbances, providing a partial explanation of the immunodeficiency associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Macia
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8527, Institut de Biologie de Lille/Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue Albert Calmette, 59019 Lille cedex, France
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Goormachtigh G, Ouk TS, Mougel A, Tranchand-Bunel D, Masy E, Le Clorennec C, Feuillard J, Bornkamm GW, Auriault C, Manet E, Fafeur V, Adriaenssens E, Coll J. Autoactivation of the Epstein-Barr virus oncogenic protein LMP1 during type II latency through opposite roles of the NF-kappaB and JNK signaling pathways. J Virol 2006; 80:7382-93. [PMID: 16840319 PMCID: PMC1563735 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02052-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several human malignancies where it expresses limited subsets of latent proteins. Of the latent proteins, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a potent transforming protein that constitutively induces multiple cell signaling pathways and contributes to EBV-associated oncogenesis. Regulation of LMP1 expression has been extensively described during the type III latency of EBV. Nevertheless, in the majority of EBV-associated tumors, the virus is commonly found to display a type II latency program in which it is still unknown which viral or cellular protein is really involved in maintaining LMP1 expression. Here, we demonstrate that LMP1 activates its own promoter pLMP1 through the JNK signaling pathway emerging from the TES2 domain. Our results also reveal that this activation is tightly controlled by LMP1, since pLMP1 is inhibited by LMP1-activated NF-kappaB signaling pathway. By using our physiological models of EBV-infected cells displaying type II latency as well as lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing a type III latency, we also demonstrate that this balanced autoregulation of LMP1 is shared by both latency programs. Finally, we show that this autoactivation is the most important mechanism to maintain LMP1 expression during the type II latency program of EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Goormachtigh
- CNRS UMR 8527, Institut de Biologie de Lille (IBL), 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59021 Lille Cedex, France
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