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Kashyap T, Thakur R, Ngo GH, Lee D, Fekete G, Kumar R, Singh T. Silt erosion and cavitation impact on hydraulic turbines performance: An in-depth analysis and preventative strategies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28998. [PMID: 38644884 PMCID: PMC11033088 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary issues in the Himalayan Rivers are sediment and cavitation degradation of the hydroelectric power turbine components. During the monsoon season, heavy material is transported by streams in hilly areas like the Himalayas through regular rainfalls, glacial and sub-glacial hydrological activity, and other factors. The severe erosion of hydraulic turbines caused by silt abrasion in these areas requires hydropower facilities to be regularly shut down for maintenance, affecting the plant's overall efficiency. This article provides an in-depth examination of the challenges that can lead to cavitation, silt erosion, and a decrease in the efficiency of various hydroelectric turbines, and it demands attention on the design, manufacture, operation, and maintenance of the turbines. This study's main objective is to critically evaluate earlier theoretical, experimental, and numerical evaluation-based studies (on cavitation and silt erosion) that are provided and addressed throughout the study. As a part of this study, various strategies for mitigating the effects of these problems and elongating the time that turbine may be utilized before they must be replaced have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanish Kashyap
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Robin Thakur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Gia Huy Ngo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Daeho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, H-9026, Győr, Hungary
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Tej Singh
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Faculty of Informatics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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Tai YT, Landesman Y, Acharya C, Calle Y, Zhong MY, Cea M, Tannenbaum D, Cagnetta A, Reagan M, Munshi AA, Senapedis W, Saint-Martin JR, Kashyap T, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Gu Y, Wu L, Ghobrial I, Zhan F, Kung AL, Schey SA, Richardson P, Munshi NC, Anderson KC. CRM1 inhibition induces tumor cell cytotoxicity and impairs osteoclastogenesis in multiple myeloma: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Leukemia 2014; 28:155-65. [PMID: 23588715 PMCID: PMC3883926 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The key nuclear export protein CRM1/XPO1 may represent a promising novel therapeutic target in human multiple myeloma (MM). Here we showed that chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is highly expressed in patients with MM, plasma cell leukemia cells and increased in patient cells resistant to bortezomib treatment. CRM1 expression also correlates with increased lytic bone and shorter survival. Importantly, CRM1 knockdown inhibits MM cell viability. Novel, oral, irreversible selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) targeting CRM1 (KPT-185, KPT-330) induce cytotoxicity against MM cells (ED50<200 nM), alone and cocultured with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) or osteoclasts (OC). SINEs trigger nuclear accumulation of multiple CRM1 cargo tumor suppressor proteins followed by growth arrest and apoptosis in MM cells. They further block c-myc, Mcl-1, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity. SINEs induce proteasome-dependent CRM1 protein degradation; concurrently, they upregulate CRM1, p53-targeted, apoptosis-related, anti-inflammatory and stress-related gene transcripts in MM cells. In SCID mice with diffuse human MM bone lesions, SINEs show strong anti-MM activity, inhibit MM-induced bone lysis and prolong survival. Moreover, SINEs directly impair osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via blockade of RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFATc1, with minimal impact on osteoblasts and BMSCs. These results support clinical development of SINE CRM1 antagonists to improve patient outcome in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-T Tai
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Landesman
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - C Acharya
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Calle
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - MY Zhong
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Cea
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Tannenbaum
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Cagnetta
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Reagan
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - AA Munshi
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Senapedis
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - J-R Saint-Martin
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - T Kashyap
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - S Shacham
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - M Kauffman
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Y Gu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - I Ghobrial
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Zhan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - AL Kung
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - SA Schey
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Richardson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - NC Munshi
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - KC Anderson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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