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Al-Qudah MA, Al-Jaber HI, Abu Orabi FM, Hasan HS, Aldahoun AK, Alhamzani AG, Alakhras AI, Bataineh TT, Rawashdeh AMM, Abu-Orabi ST. Unveiling the Impact of Drying Methods on Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Anthemis palestina. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3914. [PMID: 38005810 PMCID: PMC10674521 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Different drying techniques may alter the chemical composition of plant extracts and consequently affect their bioactivity potential. The current study was designed to reveal the effect of four different drying methods on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of hydrodistilled essential oil (HD-EO) and methanolic (APM) extract obtained from the aerial part of Anthemis palestina from Jordan. Aerial parts of A. palestina in their fresh (FR) form and after drying in shade (ShD), sun (SD), oven at 40 °C (O40D) and 60 °C (O60D), in addition to microwave (MWD), were used to extract their essential oils by hydrodistillation and to prepare the different methanolic extracts (APM). GC/MS analysis of the different HD-EOs revealed qualitative and quantitative differences among the different samples. While FR, O40D, O60D, and MWD EO samples contained mainly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (35.43%, 29.04%, 53.69%, and 59.38%, respectively), ShD sample was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (33.57%), and SD-EO contained mainly oxygenated sesquiterpenes (40.36%). Principal component analysis (PCA) and Cluster analysis (CA) grouped the different drying methods based on their impact on the concentration of chemical constituents. SD-EO demonstrated high DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity (1.31 ± 0.03) × 10-2; (1.66 ± 0.06) × 10-2 μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, A. paleistina methanolic extracts (APM) obtained after subjecting the plant to different drying methods showed interesting patterns in terms of their TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity, and phytochemical profiling. Of all extracts, SD-APM extract had the highest TPC (105.37 ± 0.19 mg GA/g DE), highest TFC (305.16 ± 3.93 mg Q/g DE) and demonstrated the highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities ((4.42 ± 0.02) × 10-2; (3.87 ± 0.02) × 10-2 mg/mL, respectively); all were supported by correlation studies. LC-MS/MS analysis of the different extracts revealed the richness of the SD-APM extract in phenolic acids and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Al-Qudah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (A.G.A.); (A.I.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (A.K.A.); (T.T.B.); (A.M.M.R.); (S.T.A.-O.)
| | - Hala I. Al-Jaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - Faten M. Abu Orabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of arts and Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan;
| | - Hazem S. Hasan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - Amal K. Aldahoun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (A.K.A.); (T.T.B.); (A.M.M.R.); (S.T.A.-O.)
| | - Abdulrahman G. Alhamzani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (A.G.A.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Abbas I. Alakhras
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (A.G.A.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Tareq T. Bataineh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (A.K.A.); (T.T.B.); (A.M.M.R.); (S.T.A.-O.)
| | - Abdel Monem M. Rawashdeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (A.K.A.); (T.T.B.); (A.M.M.R.); (S.T.A.-O.)
| | - Sultan T. Abu-Orabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (A.K.A.); (T.T.B.); (A.M.M.R.); (S.T.A.-O.)
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk international University, Erbil 44001, KRG, Iraq
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Al-Dalahmeh Y, Almahmoud SAJ, Al-Bataineh N, Alghzawi TA, Alhamzani AG, Al-Mutairi AA, Al-Jaber HI, Abu Orabi ST, Bataineh TT, Al-Sheraideh MS, Al-Qudah MA. Scrophularia peyronii Post. from Jordan: Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Phytochemical Profiling of Crude Extracts and Their In Vitro Antioxidant Activity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1404. [PMID: 37374186 DOI: 10.3390/life13061404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Scrophularia is one of the largest genera belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family. Different members of the genus exhibit an interesting, wide spectrum of bioactivities. Accordingly, the current study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the chemical composition of the essential oil of Scrophularia peyronii Post. from Jordan. Additionally, extracts obtained from the aerial parts with solvents of different polarities were assayed for their phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activities. The major constituents detected in the essential oil, as revealed by GC/MS analysis, contained mainly Z,Z-farnesyl acetone (11.04%), β-elemene (6.36%), n-octanal (5.98%), and spathulenol (4.58%). Each of the aqueous methanol (Sp-M) and butanol (Sp-B) extracts contained flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinone, and glycosides. Both extracts were evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and their in vitro antioxidant activity, which were assayed using the DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging methods. Additionally, the two extracts were then subjected to LC-ESI-MS/MS for the qualitative determination of their secondary metabolite content, especially in flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The results showed that the Sp-B extract of S. peyronii had the highest contents of both phenolic compounds and flavonoids and showed high radical scavenging activity, as determined by the two assay methods, when compared with the Sp-M extract. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis resulted in the detection of 21 compounds, including 8 flavonoids, 6 phenolic acids, 6 iridoids, and 2 acids. Although the majority of compounds were detected in both extracts, it was noticed that scropolioside B, 6'-O-cinnamoylharpagide, isoferulic acid, and 6-O-methylcatapol were only detected in the Sp-M fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Al-Dalahmeh
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, P.O. Box 33, Amman 1162, Jordan
| | - Sondos Abdullah J Almahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nezar Al-Bataineh
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taqwa A Alghzawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Abdulrahman G Alhamzani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamal A Al-Mutairi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala I Al-Jaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 206, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Sultan T Abu Orabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Kurdistan Regional Government, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Tareq T Bataineh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Mohammed S Al-Sheraideh
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 383, Dammam 31113, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Al-Qudah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
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