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Nojiri T, Takechi M, Furutera T, Brualla NLM, Iseki S, Fukui D, Tu VT, Meguro F, Koyabu D. Development of the hyolaryngeal architecture in horseshoe bats: insights into the evolution of the pulse generation for laryngeal echolocation. EvoDevo 2024; 15:2. [PMID: 38326924 PMCID: PMC10851524 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-024-00221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hyolaryngeal apparatus generates biosonar pulses in the laryngeally echolocating bats. The cartilage and muscles comprising the hyolarynx of laryngeally echolocating bats are morphologically modified compared to those of non-bat mammals, as represented by the hypertrophied intrinsic laryngeal muscle. Despite its crucial contribution to laryngeal echolocation, how the development of the hyolarynx in bats differs from that of other mammals is poorly documented. The genus Rhinolophus is one of the most sophisticated laryngeal echolocators, with the highest pulse frequency in bats. The present study provides the first detailed description of the three-dimensional anatomy and development of the skeleton, cartilage, muscle, and innervation patterns of the hyolaryngeal apparatus in two species of rhinolophid bats using micro-computed tomography images and serial tissue sections and compares them with those of laboratory mice. Furthermore, we measured the peak frequency of the echolocation pulse in active juvenile and adult individuals to correspond to echolocation pulses with hyolaryngeal morphology at each postnatal stage. RESULTS We found that the sagittal crests of the cricoid cartilage separated the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle in horseshoe bats, indicating that this unique morphology may be required to reinforce the repeated closure movement of the glottis during biosonar pulse emission. We also found that the cricothyroid muscle is ventrally hypertrophied throughout ontogeny, and that the cranial laryngeal nerve has a novel branch supplying the hypertrophied region of this muscle. Our bioacoustic analyses revealed that the peak frequency shows negative allometry against skull growth, and that the volumetric growth of all laryngeal cartilages is correlated with the pulse peak frequency. CONCLUSIONS The unique patterns of muscle and innervation revealed in this study appear to have been obtained concomitantly with the acquisition of tracheal chambers in rhinolophids and hipposiderids, improving sound intensity during laryngeal echolocation. In addition, significant protrusion of the sagittal crest of the cricoid cartilage and the separated dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle may contribute to the sophisticated biosonar in this laryngeally echolocating lineage. Furthermore, our bioacoustic data suggested that the mineralization of these cartilages underpins the ontogeny of echolocation pulse generation. The results of the present study provide crucial insights into how the anatomy and development of the hyolaryngeal apparatus shape the acoustic diversity in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-2-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-2-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Toshiko Furutera
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-2-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Nicolas L M Brualla
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Dai Fukui
- The University of Tokyo Fuji Iyashinomori Woodland Study Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 341-2 Yamanaka, Yamanakako, Yamanashi, 401-05013, Japan
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-8550, Japan.
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Nojiri T, Werneburg I, Tu VT, Fukui D, Takechi M, Iseki S, Furutera T, Koyabu D. Timing of organogenesis underscores the evolution of neonatal life histories and powered flight in bats. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20221928. [PMID: 36629110 PMCID: PMC9832570 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats have undergone one of the most drastic limb innovations in vertebrate history, associated with the evolution of powered flight. Knowledge of the genetic basis of limb organogenesis in bats has increased but little has been documented regarding the differences between limb organogenesis in bats and that of other vertebrates. We conducted embryological comparisons of the timelines of limb organogenesis in 24 bat species and 72 non-bat amniotes. In bats, the time invested for forelimb organogenesis has been considerably extended and the appearance timing of the forelimb ridge has been significantly accelerated, whereas the timing of the finger and first appearance of the claw development has been delayed, facilitating the enlargement of the manus. Furthermore, we discovered that bats initiate the development of their hindlimbs earlier than their forelimbs compared with other placentals. Bat neonates are known to be able to cling continuously with their well-developed foot to the maternal bodies or habitat substrates soon after birth. We suggest that this unique life history of neonates, which possibly coevolved with powered flight, has driven the accelerated development of the hindlimb and precocious foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North 11, West 10, Sapporo 060-0811, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment an der Eberhard Karls Universität, Sigwartstraße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quac Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dai Fukui
- The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 9-61, Yamabe-Higashimachi, Furano, Hokkaido 079-1563, Japan
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Toshiko Furutera
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
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Cao R, Takechi M, Wang X, Furutera T, Nojiri T, Koyabu D, Li J. Temporal and regulatory dynamics of the inner ear transcriptome during development in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21196. [PMID: 36476755 PMCID: PMC9729293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner ear controls hearing and balance, while the temporal molecular signatures and transcriptional regulatory dynamics underlying its development are still unclear. In this study, we investigated time-series transcriptome in the mouse inner ear from embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) to postnatal day 7 (P7) using bulk RNA-Seq. A total of 10,822 differentially expressed genes were identified between pairwise stages. We identified nine significant temporal expression profiles using time-series expression analysis. The constantly down-regulated profiles throughout the development are related to DNA activity and neurosensory development, while the constantly upregulated profiles are related to collagen and extracellular matrix. Further co-expression network analysis revealed that several hub genes, such as Pnoc, Cd9, and Krt27, are related to the neurosensory development, cell adhesion, and keratinization. We uncovered three important transcription regulatory paths during mice inner ear development. Transcription factors related to Hippo/TGFβ signaling induced decreased expressions of genes related to the neurosensory and inner ear development, while a series of INF genes activated the expressions of genes in immunoregulation. In addition to deepening our understanding of the temporal and regulatory mechanisms of inner ear development, our transcriptomic data could fuel future multi-species comparative studies and elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of auditory development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Xiuwan Wang
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Toshiko Furutera
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Taro Nojiri
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8550, Japan.
| | - Jun Li
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Nojiri T, Tu VT, Sohn JH, Koyabu D. On the sequence heterochrony of cranial ossification of bats in light of Haeckel's recapitulation theory. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2021; 338:137-148. [PMID: 33773030 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Haeckel's recapitulation theory has been a controversial topic in evolutionary biology. However, we have seen some recent cases applying Haeckel's view to interpret the interspecific variation of prenatal ontogeny. To revisit the validity of Haeckel's recapitulation theory, we take bats that have undergone drastic morphological changes and possess a characteristic ecology as a case study. All members of Rhinolophoidea and Yangochiroptera can generate an ultrasonic pulse from the larynx to interpret surrounding objects (laryngeal echolocation) whereas Pteropodidae lacks such ability. It is known that the petrosal bone is particularly derived in shape and expanded in laryngeal echolocators. If Haeckel's recapitulation theory holds, the formation of this derived trait should occur later than those of other bones. Therefore, we compared the prenatal ossification timing of the petrosal in 15 bat species and five outgroup species. We found that the ossification of the petrosal is accelerated in laryngeal echolocators while it is the last bone to ossify in non-laryngeal echolocating bats and non-volant mammals, which runs counter to the prediction generated by Haeckel's recapitulation theory. We point out the evolutionarily labile nature of trait developmental timing and emphasize that Haeckel's recapitulation theory does not hold in many cases. We caution that generating predictions on ancestral conditions and evolutionary history leading from Haeckel's recapitulation theory is not well supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joon Hyuk Sohn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tokyo, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.,Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ito K, Tu VT, Eiting TP, Nojiri T, Koyabu D. On the Embryonic Development of the Nasal Turbinals and Their Homology in Bats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:613545. [PMID: 33834019 PMCID: PMC8021794 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.613545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple corrugated cartilaginous structures are formed within the mammalian nasal capsule, eventually developing into turbinals. Due to its complex and derived morphology, the homologies of the bat nasal turbinals have been highly disputed and uncertain. Tracing prenatal development has been proven to provide a means to resolve homological problems. To elucidate bat turbinate homology, we conducted the most comprehensive study to date on prenatal development of the nasal capsule. Using diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT), we studied in detail the 3D prenatal development of various bat species and non-bat laurasiatherians. We found that the structure previously identified as “maxilloturbinal” is not the true maxilloturbinal and is only part of the ethmoturbinal I pars anterior. Our results also allowed us to trace the evolutionary history of the nasal turbinals in bats. The turbinate structures are overall comparable between laurasiatherians and pteropodids, suggesting that pteropodids retain the ancestral laurasiatherian condition. The absence of the ethmoturbinal I pars posterior in yangochiropterans and rhinolophoids has possibly occurred independently by convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ito
- Department of Anatomy, Tissue and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thomas P Eiting
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nojiri T, Fukui D, Werneburg I, Saitoh T, Endo H, Koyabu D. Embryonic staging of bats with special reference to Vespertilio sinensis and its cochlear development. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1140-1159. [PMID: 33683772 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How bats deviate heterochronically from other mammals remains largely unresolved, reflecting the lack of a quantitative staging framework allowing comparison among species. The standard event system (SES) is an embryonic staging system allowing quantitative detection of interspecific developmental variations. Here, the first SES-based staging system for bats, using Asian parti-colored bat (Vespertilio sinensis) is introduced. General aspects of normal embryonic development and the three-dimensional development of the bat cochlea were described for the first time. Recoding the embryonic staging tables of 18 previously reported bat species and Mus musculus into the SES system, quantitative developmental comparisons were performed. RESULTS It was found that limb bud development of V. sinensis is relatively late among 19 bat species and late limb development is a shared trait of vespertilionid bats. The inner ear cochlear canal forms before the semicircular canal in V. sinensis while the cochlear canal forms after the semicircular canal in non-volant mammals. CONCLUSIONS The present approach using the SES system provides a powerful framework to detect the peculiarities of bat development. Incorporating the timing of gene expression patterns into the SES framework will further contribute to the understanding of the evolution of specialized features in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dai Fukui
- The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Furano, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment an der Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany.,Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Takashi Saitoh
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Endo
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nojiri T, Wilson LAB, López-Aguirre C, Tu VT, Kuratani S, Ito K, Higashiyama H, Son NT, Fukui D, Sadier A, Sears KE, Endo H, Kamihori S, Koyabu D. Embryonic evidence uncovers convergent origins of laryngeal echolocation in bats. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1353-1365.e3. [PMID: 33675700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bats are the second-most speciose group of mammals, comprising 20% of species diversity today. Their global explosion, representing one of the greatest adaptive radiations in mammalian history, is largely attributed to their ability of laryngeal echolocation and powered flight, which enabled them to conquer the night sky, a vast and hitherto unoccupied ecological niche. While there is consensus that powered flight evolved only once in the lineage, whether laryngeal echolocation has a single origin in bats or evolved multiple times independently remains disputed. Here, we present developmental evidence in support of laryngeal echolocation having multiple origins in bats. This is consistent with a non-echolocating bat ancestor and independent gain of echolocation in Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, as well as the gain of primitive echolocation in the bat ancestor, followed by convergent evolution of laryngeal echolocation in Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, with loss of primitive echolocation in pteropodids. Our comparative embryological investigations found that there is no developmental difference in the hearing apparatus between non-laryngeal echolocating bats (pteropodids) and terrestrial non-bat mammals. In contrast, the echolocation system is developed heterotopically and heterochronically in the two phylogenetically distant laryngeal echolocating bats (rhinolophoids and yangochiropterans), providing the first embryological evidence that the echolocation system evolved independently in these bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Laura A B Wilson
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Camilo López-Aguirre
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kai Ito
- Department of Anatomy, Tissue and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Higashiyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dai Fukui
- The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 9-61, Yamabe-Higashimachi, Furano, Hokkaido 079-1563, Japan
| | - Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 957246, USA
| | - Karen E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 957246, USA
| | - Hideki Endo
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamihori
- Aioi City Board of Education, 3-18-7 Asahi, Aioi 679-0031, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan; Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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Sohn JH, Fukui D, Nojiri T, Minowa K, Kimura J, Koyabu D. Three-Dimensional and Histological Observations on Male Genital Organs of Greater Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. J MAMM EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-020-09525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnatomy of bat genital organs has been conventionally studied by gross and microscopic observations to date. Here, we employ both histological observation and diceCT (diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography) to study the detailed three-dimensional morphological structure of the male genital organs in bats, using the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. This is the first study to three-dimensionally describe the whole reproductive organs of bats in detail. Our highly resolved three-dimensional reconstruction reveals that the male organs of R. ferrumequinum consist of paired testes, epididymides, deferent ducts, and five accessory genital glands. The boundary between the ampullary and vesicular glands has been difficult to identify in previous observations, but our diceCT imaging allowed us to clearly differentiate the two. We found that the ampullary gland is located at the terminal part of the deferent ducts, and the vesicular gland lies distal to the ampullary glands. This species possesses a single and carrot-shaped urethral gland, which is not found in most chiropteran families. The presence of the urethral gland in this species and its secretions suggest that after copulation this species is capable of forming a vaginal plug, which can seal the female’s vaginal orifice to block the entrance of spermatozoa from other males. The presence of the urethral gland and elongated epididymal tail and the fact that some individuals can terminate their hibernation and reactivate imply forced copulation on hibernating females can occur in R. ferrumequinum.
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Nojiri T, Werneburg I, Son NT, Tu VT, Sasaki T, Maekawa Y, Koyabu D. Prenatal cranial bone development of Thomas's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus thomasi
): with special reference to petrosal morphology. J Morphol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science; Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo; Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment an der Eberhard Karls Universität, Sigwartstraße 10; Tübingen D-72076 Germany
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12; Tübingen 72074 Germany
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- & Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43; Berlin 10115 Germany
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street; Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay; Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street; Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay; Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Takenori Sasaki
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yu Maekawa
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Humanities and Sciences; Musashino Art University, Ogawacho 1-736, Kodaira; Tokyo 187-8505 Japan
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10
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Kitaguchi T, Nojiri T, Suzuki S, Fukita T, Kawana T. EDPS of Clinical Case Record and Scientific Document in the Industry Post-Marketing Surveillance of Drugs. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1635432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to meet the multifarious needs for drug information and to cope with the post-marketing surveillance of drugs adequately, an on-line drug information network, which is composed of two data bases, clinical case record data base and literature data base, has been developed. Primary considerations in designing these systems were input of clean data, accurate input, insuring that no ADRs are overlooked, accumulation of the latest data, saving manpower required for processing, and processing large quantities of data. This system is also designed to input and to output in Japanese character.
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11
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Kimura T, Nojiri T, Hosoda H, Shintani Y, Inoue M, Miyazato M, Okumura M, Kangawa K. P-227ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW MOUSE MODEL FOR POSTOPERATIVE ACUTE EXACERBATION OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv204.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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12
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Nojiri T, Inoue M, Shintani Y, Takeuchi Y, Maeda H, Minami M, Sawabata N, Okumura M. O-034 * B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE-GUIDED RISK ASSESSMENT FOR POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN LUNG CANCER SURGERY. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu167.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Kimura T, Nojiri T, Hosoda H, Shintani Y, Ishikane S, Inoue M, Miyazato M, Okumura M, Kangawa K. P-201 * PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF C-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE ON LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED ACUTE LUNG INJURY IN MICE. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu167.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Sawabata N, Kanzaki R, Sakamoto T, Kusumoto H, Kimura T, Nojiri T, Kawamura T, Susaki Y, Funaki S, Nakagiri T, Shintani Y, Inoue M, Minami M, Okumura M. Clinical predictor of pre- or minimally invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma: possibility of sub-classification of clinical T1a. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 45:256-61. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Kanai R, Iijima T, Hashimoto S, Nakazawa H, Ohnishi H, Yorozu T, Ohkawa R, Nojiri T, Shimizu M, Okazaki H. Impact of immunoreactive substances contained in apheresis platelet concentrate on postoperative respiratory function in surgical patients receiving platelet transfusion: a prospective cohort study. Transfus Med 2013; 23:344-50. [PMID: 23841680 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To construct an alternative policy for the donor selection of platelet concentrate (PC), a clinical study exploring the features of lung injury following PC administration is needed. BACKGROUND Although a male-donor-only policy for plasma products appears to have efficiently reduced transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), this policy may not be applied to PC because of supply shortages. METHODS AND MATERIALS We prospectively examined pulmonary function after the transfusion of PC in informed surgical patients treated at a tertiary university hospital in Japan. The contributions of immunoreactive substances contained in the PC to respiratory function after PC transfusion was then statistically examined. RESULTS Eighty-six patients (56 men, 30 women) were enrolled in the analysis. Fifty-four cases experienced respiratory failure (PaO2 /FiO2 <300 mmHg) after transfusion. Five cases were diagnosed as possible TRALI based on permeability pulmonary oedema, while 23 cases were diagnosed as transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) based on chest radiograph findings. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the presence of anti-granulocyte antibody as a significant predictor of possible TRALI [P = 0.023; odds ratio (OR), 13.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-118.3]. Meanwhile, anti-leukocyte antibody class II was identified as a significant independent predictor of TACO (P = 0.010; OR, 18.4; 95% CI, 2.0-170.1). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that antibodies contained in PC may contribute to the deterioration of respiratory function after PC transfusion, although the diagnoses of TACO and TRALI may have overlapped among the patients with pulmonary distress in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kanai
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine
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16
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Banno F, Nojiri T, Matsumoto S, Kamide K, Miyata T. RGS2 deficiency in mice does not affect platelet thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:309-11. [PMID: 22136563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Nojiri T, Inoue M, Yamamoto K, Maeda H, Takeuchi Y, Funakoshi Y, Okumura M. Effects of low-dose human atrial natriuretic peptide for preventing post-operative cardiopulmonary complications in elderly patients undergoing pulmonary resection for lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 41:1330-4. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezr202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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18
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Amaki T, Suzuki T, Nakamura F, Hayashi D, Imai Y, Morita H, Fukino K, Nojiri T, Kitano S, Hibi N, Yamazaki T, Nagai R. Circulating malondialdehyde modified LDL is a biochemical risk marker for coronary artery disease. Heart 2004; 90:1211-3. [PMID: 15367526 PMCID: PMC1768480 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2003.018226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Maemura K, Takeda N, Morita H, Imai Y, Hanada T, Nojiri T, Nagai R. 1P-0176 Peripheral biological clock regulates circadian gene expression in vascular endothelial cells. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)90249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Kawanami D, Maemura K, Harada T, Nojiri T, Imai Y, Nagai R. 4P-1168 CRP induces PAI-1 gene expression through tyrosine kinase and NFkB pathways in vascular endothelial cells. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)91424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Takeda N, Maemura K, Imai Y, Harada T, Kawanami D, Nojiri T, Manabe I, Nagai R. 3P-0647 Delivery of endothelial PAS domain protein 1 gene promotes mature angiogenesis through the transactivation of both VEGF and its receptor, Flt-1. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)90867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Masaoka H, Takasato Y, Nojiri T, Hayakawa T, Akimoto H, Yatsushige H, Toumori H, Miyazaki Y, Honma M. Clinical effect of Fasudil hydrochloride for cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2002; 77:209-11. [PMID: 11563288 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6232-3_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Masaoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Disaster Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Abstract
A 58-year-old man was treated for a granular cell tumor (GCT) of the pancreas; a very rarely occurring tumor. The patient, who had been followed for 6 years due to alcoholic hepatitis, chronic pancreatitis and elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels from smoking, was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of back pain, diarrhea and constipation. The patient was diagnosed as having pancreatic head cancer using clinical imaging studies, and a pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenectomy was done. In the resected specimen, a white tumor measuring 13 mm in diameter was observed at the pancreatic head, and there was marked fibrous change surrounding the tumor. The microscopic appearance of the pancreas showed atrophy of acinar cells, fibrosis, and dilatation of the main pancreatic duct (MPD). Within the tumor were oval cells with low-grade atypia and an increased number of diffuse eosinophilic granules. Neither mitosis nor invasive findings were observed. Periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunohistochemical staining for the S-100 protein were positive, thus the tumor was diagnosed as a benign GCT. In addition, carcinoma in situ was found at the dilated MPD. Therefore, this patient was diagnosed as having GCT with carcinoma in situ of the pancreas. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the fourth case of GCT of the pancreas to be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nojiri
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Schoool of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Nojiri T, Ikegami M. Multiple minute carcinoids in type A gastritis: attempt at 3-D reconstruction. Pathol Int 2001; 51:504-10. [PMID: 11472562 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In type A gastritis, the numbers of endocrine cell micronests (ECM) and carcinoids increase through the trophic action of gastrin. This study examined the characteristics and growth of carcinoids in type A gastritis. A total of 395 lesions in five surgically removed stomachs with type A gastritis were investigated, in terms of number, size, distribution and histological appearance, to clarify the tumorigenesis and progression of carcinoids. 3-D reconstruction using serial paraffin sections was used to study carcinoid progression. Our findings suggest that in type A gastritis, carcinoids arise in areas where minute carcinoids are present at a high density. They also suggest that early stage carcinoids not only become large expansively, but also develop in a very complex manner, by maintaining contact with surrounding minute carcinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nojiri
- Department of Pathology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Takahashi T, Sugishita Y, Nojiri T, Shimizu T, Yao A, Kinugawa K, Harada K, Nagai R. Cloning of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha cDNA from chick embryonic ventricular myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 281:1057-62. [PMID: 11237772 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is composed of HIF-1alpha and arylhydrocarbon nuclear receptor translocator (ARNT), which belong to the basic-helix-loop-helix-Per/ARNT/Sim (bHLH-PAS) family of transcription factors. HIF plays key roles in oxygen homeostasis and embryonic cardiovascular development. In this study, we have cloned cDNAs encoding the chick HIF-1alpha from cultured embryonic ventricular myocytes (CEVM) and then examined its expression in various embryonic tissues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the chick HIF-1alpha cDNA showed 79% identity with that of the human HIF-1alpha cDNA. In contrast, sequence homology between the chick HIF-1alpha and endothelial PAS protein 1 (EPAS1), another member of the bHLH-PAS proteins, was only low (49%). HIF-1alpha mRNA was expressed abundantly in CEVM, but scarcely in the liver, which was quite different from expression pattern of EPAS1 mRNA. These data suggest that HIF-1alpha may be involved in embryonic cardiovascular development. HIF-1alpha and EPAS1 may play distinct roles during developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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26
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Oka H, Ito Y, Ikai Y, Matsumoto H, Kato K, Yamamoto I, Shimizu M, Kawamura N, Miyazaki Y, Nojiri T, Okumura M, Ohmi S, Sato T, Mori G. Survey of residual tetracyclines in kidneys of diseased animals in Aichi Prefecture, Japan (1985-1997). J AOAC Int 2001; 84:350-3. [PMID: 11324597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of tetracycline antibiotic (TCAs) residues in the kidneys of slaughtered animals that did not pass inspection for human consumption by the Japanese Food Sanitation Law and the Meat Inspection Law at the slaughterhouses in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, from April 1985 to March 1998. The kidneys were analyzed by the AOAC Official Method 995.09. Among 424 animals (147 cattle and 277 pigs), 131 (30.9%) were contaminated with TCAs, including 69 (16.3%) with chlortetracycline (CTC), 61 (14.4%) with oxytetracycline (OTC), 3 (0.7%) with tetracycline (TC), and 1 (0.2%) with doxycycline (DC). One sample (cattle kidney) was contaminated with both OTC and DC. The frequencies of OTC and TC residues were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cattle than in pigs, whereas, the frequency of CTC was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in pigs. Pig kidney samples collected in 1991-1997 had significantly higher incidences of TCAs and CTC (p < 0.01) residues than those in 1985-1986.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Oka
- Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan
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27
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Tanaka K, Suzuki T, Nojiri T, Yamagata T, Namikawa T, Matsuda Y. Characterization and chromosomal distribution of a novel satellite DNA sequence of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). J Hered 2000; 91:412-5. [PMID: 10994713 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/91.5.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel satellite DNA sequence of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) was isolated from genomic DNA digested with restriction endonuclease, Bg/II. Sequence analysis of three different-size clones revealed the presence of a tandem array of a GC-rich 41 bp repeated element. This sequence was localized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) primarily to microchromosomes of Japanese quail (2n = 78); approximately 50 of the 66 microchromosomes showed positive signals, although hybridization signals were also detected on chromosomes 4 and W. This satellite DNA did not cross-hybridize with genomic DNA of chicken (Gallus gallus) and Chinese painted quail (Excalfactoria chinensis) under moderately stringent conditions, suggesting that this class of repetitive DNA sequences was species specific and fairly divergent in Galliformes species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanaka
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Japan.
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28
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Shinkawa H, Yasuhara H, Naka S, Kuroda T, Nojiri T, Fujita T, Ishida Y, Nagao K, Wada N. Gastric carcinoma presenting with extensive extraluminal growth: report of a case. Surg Today 2000; 30:432-4. [PMID: 10819479 DOI: 10.1007/s005950050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a 48-year-old-man with gastric carcinoma presenting with an unusual extraluminal growth. The patient underwent a barium meal examination and gastrofiberscopy because of progressive anemia over 6 months. These examinations revealed a Borrmann type 3 advanced gastric carcinoma of the greater curvature of the antrum. Biopsies showed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. The intraoperative findings showed gastric carcinoma associated with extensive extraluminal invasion into the adjacent organs, i.e., the transverse colon and mesocolon. A palliative distal gastrectomy with a partial resection of the transverse colon was performed because of peritoneal dissemination found in the mesocolon and rectovesical pouch. A histological examination of the specimen confirmed adenocarcinoma which had massively infiltrated the transverse colon and mesocolon. His postoperative course was uneventful. However, he died of peritonitis carcinomatosa 9 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shinkawa
- Department of Surgery, Ichihara Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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29
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Shinkawa H, Wada N, Naka S, Yasuhara H, Kuroda T, Nojiri T, Inoue T, Fujita T, Furuya Y, Okazaki K, Nagao T, Nagao K. [A case of gastric cancer with multiple liver metastasis responding to combined chemotherapy with low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2000; 27:909-13. [PMID: 10897220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A 68-year-old man who had Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases was admitted to our hospital on October 20, 1998. He was considered nonresectable and placed on neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of low-dose CDDP and 5-FU. After 9 weeks of administration, the liver metastases had disappeared on abdominal computed tomography, but the primary lesion had progressed. On May 12, 1999, a total gastrectomy with a partial resection of the transverse colon and resectional biopsy of a white nodule of the liver were performed. This was a non-curative operation because of the peritoneal dissemination. A histopathological examination of the liver nodule revealed that the cancer cells had disappeared. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and 4 weeks of chemotherapy were added. He remains alive with no symptoms or re-growth of the liver metastatic tumor 4 months after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shinkawa
- Dept. of Surgery, Ichihara Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine
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30
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Sugishita Y, Shimizu T, Yao A, Kinugawa KI, Nojiri T, Harada K, Matsui H, Nagai R, Takahashi T. Lipopolysaccharide augments expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in rat ventricular myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 268:657-62. [PMID: 10679260 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor, is highly expressed in the myocardium under various stimuli including hypoxia and ischemia. On the other hand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which consists of systemic pathophysiological changes related to vascular hyperpermeability. To test the hypothesis that VEGF is one of the important mediators of SIRS, we examined effects of LPS on the VEGF expression and secretion in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. LPS (10 microg/ml) rapidly (within 1 h) augmented the levels of VEGF mRNA in these cells. Pharmacological inhibition of nucleic factor-kappaB or tyrosine kinases did not affect the LPS-induced augmentation of VEGF mRNA expression, while these treatments markedly suppressed the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by LPS. The VEGF concentrations in the conditioned media were also significantly increased by the LPS treatment of 6 h. In conclusion, LPS augments VEGF expression and secretion in rat ventricular myocytes, suggesting that VEGF may be involved in pathogenesis of SIRS. LPS may induce VEGF mRNA through the signaling pathways that are distinct from those responsible for the iNOS induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sugishita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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31
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Karasawa T, Nojiri T, Hayashi Y, Maegawa T, Yamakawa K, Wang XM, Nakamura S. Laboratory diagnosis of toxigenic Clostridium difficile by polymerase chain reaction: presence of toxin genes and their stable expression in toxigenic isolates from Japanese individuals. J Gastroenterol 1999; 34:41-5. [PMID: 10204609 DOI: 10.1007/s005350050214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile causes pseudomembranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The definitive diagnosis of C. difficile infection is finally accomplished by the isolation of toxigenic C. difficile. However, only a small number of Japanese clinical laboratories are able to reach a definitive diagnosis of C. difficile infection, probably because simple reliable assays for toxins in the isolates are not available. In this study, we examined the compatibility of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and tissue culture assay to identify toxigenic C. difficile, in toxigenic and nontoxigenic C. difficile isolates from Japanese patients and healthy carriers. The specificity of PCR primers was demonstrated by restriction endonuclease digestion and seminested PCR in C. difficile VPI 10463 strain. No PCR product was amplified in the eight other clostridial species used to check the specificity of the PCR assay. The detection limit was 10(3) cells. Both toxin A and toxin B genes (the genes encoding the major virulence factors of C. difficile) were detected in 58 toxigenic C. difficile isolates, which showed a wide range of cytotoxic activity in tissue culture assays. Neither of the toxin genes was carried by 40 nontoxigenic strains of C. difficile. The results of this study strongly suggest that a definitive diagnosis of C. difficile infection can be accomplished by PCR detection of the toxin genes rather than by tissue culture assay of isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karasawa
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
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32
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Abstract
Twenty strains of Clostridium difficile were examined for the effect of arginine on toxin production in a defined medium. In three strains, the production of toxins A and B was greatly enhanced in the absence of arginine. These strains showed distinctively poorer growth in the absence of arginine in comparison with the remaining 17 strains, indicating that the presence of arginine is required for good growth among the three strains. From the present results, test strains were divided into two groups: a group in which arginine insufficiency caused distinctly poor growth and enhanced toxin production, and another group in which there was neither distinctly poor growth nor enhanced toxin production. The phenomenon is discussed in relation to the biosynthesis and catabolism of arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karasawa
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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33
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Nakagawa K, Ohno K, Nojiri T, Hirakawa K. [Interdural dermoid cyst of the cavernous sinus presenting with oculomotor palsy: case report]. No Shinkei Geka 1997; 25:847-51. [PMID: 9300456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A 19-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of diplopia. Neurological examination showed slight anisocoria (right > left), disturbance of ocular movement in upward, downward and medial directions on the right side, and diplopia on upward gaze. Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a well-demarcated cystic lesion in the right parasellar region. The lesion showed non-homogeneous low intensity with a high intensity margin on T1-weighted imaging and high intensity with a low intensity margin on T2-weighted imaging in magnetic resonance image (MRI). The lesion showed enhancement by contrast media on neither CT nor MRI. Cerebral angiography revealed no tumor stains. The lesion was approached via right fronto-temporal craniotomy. The right optic nerve, oculomotor nerve and internal carotid artery were compressed medially by the tumor. The tumor contents appeared to be flaky and greasy containing motor-oil-like fluid, mineralized body, and a few hairs. The tumor was attached to the lateral wall of the right cavernous sinus (inner membranous layer), but was totally resected with careful microscopic dissection. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of dermoid cyst. The patient's complaint of diplopia showed gradual improvement postoperatively. Supratentorial intracranial dermoid cyst is a rare congenital tumor and, to our knowledge, only one case arising within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and presenting oculomotor palsy has been reported. Total removal is ideal and may be possible even when the tumor arises from the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Watambe J, Matsumoto C, Fujimura K, Shimada T, Yoshizawa H, Okamoto H, Iizuka H, Tango T, Ikeda H, Endo N, Mazda T, Nojiri T, Aoyama K, Kanemitsu K, Yamano H, Mizui M, Yokoishi F, Tokunaga K, Nishioka K. Predictive Value of Screening Tests for Persistent Hepatitis C Virus Infection Evidenced by Viraemia. Vox Sang 1993. [DOI: 10.1159/000462423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Tsuji M, Nakatani T, Nojiri T, Nishio H, Shima H, Hiroi Y, Ueno Y, Nishio I, Masuyama Y. A case of Sjögren's syndrome with valvular diseases. Jpn Heart J 1986; 27:137-43. [PMID: 3487660 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.27.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The case of a 61 year old woman with Sjögren's syndrome with aortic and mitral stenosis is reported. She suffered from rheumatic fever at a young age. Physical and echocardiographic examinations showed findings of mitral and aortic valve stenosis. In addition, she had experienced xerostomia, a gritty sensation in the eyes and Raynaud's phenomenon. Blood examination showed hypergammaglobulinemia, positive rheumatoid factor, antinuclear and anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies. The diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome was confirmed by sialography and biopsy of the labial salivary gland. The combination of valvular disease and Sjögren's syndrome is rare and the etiological correlation is discussed.
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Yamaguchi A, Kitamura N, Ohtaki M, Saso M, Nojiri T, Minochi T, Tamura H, Atobe M. [Use of ONLEP (On-line Epicardial Mapping)]. Kyobu Geka 1985; 38:876-9. [PMID: 4087596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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Akiyama K, Matsuyama N, Imabun S, Nojiri T, Furukawa H, Yamada M, Anzai N. [Case report of congenital bicuspid aortic valves associated with aortic valve prolapse and displacement of the coronary arteries]. Kyobu Geka 1983; 36:909-14. [PMID: 6656034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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38
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Anzai N, Yamada M, Miyazawa S, Furukawa H, Matsuyama Y, Akiyama K, Nojiri T, Shioneri H. [Surgical management of patent ductus arteriosus with preoperative insertion of balloon catheter]. Kyobu Geka 1983; 36:749-52. [PMID: 6632436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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39
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Kitaguchi T, Nojiri T, Suzuki S, Fukita T, Kawana T. EDPS of clinical case record and scientific document in the industry post-marketing surveillance of drugs. Methods Inf Med 1983; 22:135-48. [PMID: 6633266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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40
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Hoshino S, Miyake T, Nojiri T, Amano S, Tsuchida H, Endo M, Koyanagi H, Sekiguchi M. [A successful management of acute retrograde dissection of the aorta during aorto-coronary bypass grafting with ringed graft]. Kyobu Geka 1983; 36:416-20. [PMID: 6603555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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41
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Nojiri T, Endo M, Koyanagi H, Obayashi N, Sekiguchi M. [Successful aortic valve replacement in rupture of an aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva into the left ventricular cavity and aortic valve insufficiency associated with a complete form of Behcet's disease]. Rinsho Kyobu Geka 1983; 3:224-32. [PMID: 6867558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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42
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Kitaguchi T, Nojiri T, Suzuki S, Fukita T, Kawana T. Selection of scientific periodicals to monitor drug safety information using Excerpta Medica and Japicdoc in the post marketing surveillance of drugs. Drug Inf J 1982; 17:177-93. [PMID: 10265095 DOI: 10.1177/009286158301700307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to select important journals to be monitored for efficient collection of literature information on drug safety, a retrospective search was made of the safety information in the Excerpta Medica (EM) database between 1979 and 1981. The search provided 54,005 references to drug safety, which were found in a total of 2,536 journals. Fifty percent of the references appeared in only 148 journals, or 6% of all journals surveyed. A similar search, carried out using the Japicdoc (JD) database, provided 9,268 references in 172 journals. To cover all the necessary information appearing in overseas journals, however, a retrospective search of a bibliographic database is required as a cost-effective means to improve the comprehensiveness of the collection of information. In domestic journals, because JD includes fewer journals than EM, all of the 172 journals can be monitored for the collection of drug safety information.
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Abe T, Iyomasa Y, Murase M, Tanaka M, Koie K, Nojiri T. A case of bacteremia and disseminated intravascular coagulation after the conduit procedure for tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. Jpn Circ J 1982; 46:1098-104. [PMID: 7120653 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.46.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A case undergoing conduit procedure for tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia was complicated postoperatively by bacteremia due to non-fermentative Gram-negative rods and by disseminated intravascular coagulation. He was able to be cured without any sequela. The patient was a 16-year-old male, who had undergone Blalock-Taussig anastomosis in his infancy. The present operation was carried out as follows: ventricular septal defect was closed with a Teflon-patch and discontinuity between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery was corrected using a Hancock's valved conduit. Two weeks after the operation, pleural effusion in the right chest cavity was shown by a chest X-ray film. On the 32nd postoperative day, high fever with chills occurred, and subsequently developed pulmonary edema, shock and hemorrhagic tendencies with petechia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Flavobacterium and Alcaligenes faecalis were detected by the culture of pleural effusion. The platelet count decreased to about 10,000/microliters. Carbenicillin, tobramycin and minocycline were administered for the infection, and heparin and aprotinin were used for disseminated intravascular coagulation. By these treatments for about 6 months, the patient became well and was discharged without any sequela.
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Shirahata A, Nojiri T, Takaragi S, Horiuchi T, Yamada K. Normotest screenings and prophylactic oral administration for idiopathic vitamin K deficiency in infancy. Nihon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi 1982; 45:867-75. [PMID: 7136473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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45
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Nojiri T, Shirahata A. [A case of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)--coagulation study during the prodromal phase (author's transl)]. Rinsho Ketsueki 1981; 22:1794-800. [PMID: 7339018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Yoshizawa H, Itoh Y, Iwakiri S, Kitajima K, Tanaka A, Nojiri T, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. Demonstration of two different types of non-A, non-B hepatitis by reinjection and cross-challenge studies in chimpanzees. Gastroenterology 1981; 81:107-13. [PMID: 6786948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing immune electron microscopy, viruslike particles were identified in the serums of three apparently healthy, HBsAg-negative blood donors. The serum from one of the donors, when injected into two susceptible chimpanzees, induced non-A, non-B hepatitis with an increase in SGPT level and pathological changes in the liver compatible with acute hepatitis but none of the cytoplasmic ultrastructures previously noted by electron microscopy in non-A, non-B hepatitis. These two chimps did not contract hepatitis when the same inoculum was given again 17 wk after the first injection. When they were subsequently challenged, however, by a chimp inoculum containing viruslike particles known to induce non-A, non-B hepatitis with cytoplasmic tubular ultrastructures, they developed high SGPT levels and these characteristic ultrastructures in their hepatocytes. A third chimp was initially injected with the chimp inoculum containing viruslike particles known to induce hepatitis with tubular ultrastructures, reinjected with the same agent, and then challenged by the human serum containing viruslike particles capable of inducing non-A, non-B hepatitis without tubular ultrastructures. He developed biochemical and pathological evidence of acute hepatitis after the first and the third, but not after the second inoculations. There are at least two kinds of viruslike particles which are associated with infectivity for two different types of non-A, non-B hepatitis; these have been tentatively designated NANB-1 and NANB-2.
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Yoshizawa H, Akahane Y, Itoh Y, Iwakiri S, Kitajima K, Morita M, Tanaka A, Nojiri T, Shimizu M, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. Viruslike particles in a plasma fraction (fibrinogen) and in the circulation of apparently healthy blood donors capable of inducing non-A/non-B hepatitis in humans and chimpanzees. Gastroenterology 1980; 79:512-20. [PMID: 6776003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Two patients who had received a fibrinogen preparation contracted hepatitis of non-A/non-B etiology 3 and 8 wk after the injection. A chimpanzee inoculated with the same preparation developed hepatitis 11 wk later, with an increase in SGPT and a liver pathology compatible with acute viral hepatitis. His preacute serum containing the presumptive etiologic agent induced hepatitis in another chimpanzee. Electron microscopic observation of the liver of these chimpanzees biopsied during preacute and acute stages revealed peculiar tubular structures composed of two unit membranes with electron-opaque material in between. Using the serum obtained from infected chimpanzees at convalescence as an antibody reagent, viruslike particles were identified in the fibrinogen preparation by immune electron microscopy. When the serum of 100 apparently healthy blood donors with SGPT value of 80 Karmen units/ml or higher was tested for viruslike particles, eight were found to be positive. Furthermore, one of these sera, when a 5-ml amount was injected into each of two chimpanzees, induced hepatitis with viruslike particles in the circulation and characteristic tubular changes in the liver. On the basis of the results obtained, the viruslike particles in the fibrinogen preparation, as well as in the circulation of apparently healthy donors, were capable of inducing hepatitis of non-A/non-B category with a liver pathology characterized by tubular structures. The detection of non-A/non-B viral particles, especially when refined to routine laboratory tests, may open the way for the specific diagnosis, exclusion of contaminated blood from transfusion, and eventual prophylaxis by vaccination.
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Shirahata A, Nojiri T, Yamada K, Meguro T. [Reactive thrombocytosis in infants and children (author's transl)]. Rinsho Ketsueki 1979; 20:1569-78. [PMID: 541845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Imai M, Yanase Y, Nojiri T, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. A receptor for polymerized human and chimpanzee albumins on hepatitis B virus particles co-occurring with HBeAg. Gastroenterology 1979; 76:242-7. [PMID: 103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A receptor for polymerized human serum albumin was demonstrated on Dane particles as well as on 20-nm hepatitis B surface antigen particles, isolated from asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus who were positive for HBeAg. In contrast, such receptor was not born by 20-nm hepatitis B surface antigen particles obtained from carriers positive for antibody to HBeAg. Hepatitis B surface antigen particles with the receptor were heavier than those without, and when treated with pronase, they became lighter and lost the receptor. The receptor is responsible for the agglutination of erythrocytes coated with polymerized human serum albumin by the serum of patients with Type B hepatitis and asymptomatic carriers, which have been attributed to autoantibodies directed to denatured albumin molecules. When albumin fractions of chimpanzees were polymerized with glutaraldehyde, they also bound with the receptor on hepatitis B surface antigen. Polymerized albumin fractions of all the other experimental animals without susceptibility to hepatitis B virus, however, failed to bind with the receptor. These results seem to suggest a possible role of the receptor on Dane particles (presently accepted hepatitis B virions) for polymerized albumin molecules in infecting hepatocytes both in humans and chimpanzees.
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