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Kuroda S, Miyagawa Y, Sukegawa M, Tomono T, Yamamoto M, Adachi K, Verlengia G, Goins WF, Cohen JB, Glorioso JC, Okada T. Evaluation of parameters for efficient purification and long-term storage of herpes simplex virus-based vectors. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:132-143. [PMID: 35795777 PMCID: PMC9249677 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Replication competent oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors have been used extensively to treat solid tumors with promising results. However, highly defective HSV vectors will be needed for applications that require sustained therapeutic gene expression in the absence of vector-related toxicity or inflammation. These vectors require complementing cell lines for their manufacture, creating significant challenges to achieve high yields of infectious virus particles. We recently described an improved upstream process for the production of a non-cytotoxic HSV vector for gene therapy applications. Here, we sought to optimize the downstream conditions for purification and long-term storage of the same vector, JΔNI5. We compared different methods to remove cellular impurities and concentrate the vector by monitoring both physical and biological titers, resulting in the establishment of optimal conditions for vector production. To optimize the long-term storage parameters for non-cytotoxic HSV vectors, we evaluated vector stability at low temperature and sensitivity to freeze-thaw cycles. We report that suboptimal purification and storage methods resulted in loss of vector viability. Our results describe effective and reproducible protocols for purification and storage of HSV vectors for pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kuroda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sukegawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Tomono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Majors in Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Motoko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumi Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gianluca Verlengia
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - William F Goins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Justus B Cohen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Joseph C Glorioso
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Adachi K, Tomono T, Okada H, Shiozawa Y, Yamamoto M, Miyagawa Y, Okada T. A PCR-amplified transgene fragment flanked by a single copy of a truncated inverted terminal repeat for recombinant adeno-associated virus production prevents unnecessary plasmid DNA packaging. Gene Ther 2021; 29:449-457. [PMID: 34629464 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The application of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) for gene therapy faces certain challenges, including genome packaging of non-vector sequences. Inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) flanking the rAAV genome, comprising three inverted repeat regions (A, B, and C) and a non-inverted repeat region (D), contribute to non-vector genome packaging. We aimed to circumvent this issue by comparing the properties of rAAV containing DNA plasmids and PCR-amplified transgenes, including a single copy of the AD sequence (rAAV-pAD/L-AD, respectively), which is a truncated form of ITR, with those of wild-type ITR genome (single-stranded and self-complementary AAV; ssAAV and scAAV). The packaging efficiency of rAAV-pAD/L-AD was found to be comparable to that of scAAV, whereas the transduction efficiency of rAAV-pAD/L-AD was lower than that of ss/scAAV. Remarkably, rAAV-L-AD reduced the plasmid backbone packaging contamination compared to ss/scAAV. Furthermore, to confirm the functionality of this system, we generated a rAAV-L-AD harboring a short hairpin RNA targeting ATP5B (rAAV-L-AD-shATP5B) and found that it caused a significant decrease in ATP5B mRNA levels when transduced into HEK293EB cells, suggesting that it was functional. Thus, our system successfully packaged L-AD into capsids with minimal contamination of plasmid DNA, offering a novel functional packaging platform without causing plasmid backbone encapsidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Tomono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hironori Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Tomono T, Hirai Y, Chono H, Mineno J, Ishii A, Onodera M, Tamaoka A, Okada T. Infectivity Assessment of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus and Wild-Type Adeno-Associated Virus Exposed to Various Diluents and Environmental Conditions. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2019; 30:137-143. [DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2019.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tomono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Majors in Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hirai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Akiko Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Onodera
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Tomono T, Hirai Y, Okada H, Miyagawa Y, Adachi K, Sakamoto S, Kawano Y, Chono H, Mineno J, Ishii A, Shimada T, Onodera M, Tamaoka A, Okada T. Highly Efficient Ultracentrifugation-free Chromatographic Purification of Recombinant AAV Serotype 9. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2018; 11:180-190. [PMID: 30533449 PMCID: PMC6276309 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) can specifically transduce muscle and neuronal tissues; thus, rAAV9 can potentially be used in gene therapy. However, rAAV9 is the most challenging rAAV serotype to purify. Traditionally, rAAV9 has been purified by ultracentrifugation, which is not scalable. We recently described a chromatographic purification protocol for rAAV1; this protocol can achieve scalable purifications. In this study, we attempted to optimize this protocol for purifying rAAV9 preparations, and we developed a novel, effective method for high-yield purification of rAAV9 using quaternary ammonium anion exchangers and size-exclusion chromatography. The final purified rAAV9 contained mainly three capsid proteins, as observed by SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, negative-stain electron microscopy demonstrated that 96.1% ± 1.1% of rAAV9 particles carried the viral genome containing the EGFP transgene, indicating that impurities and empty capsids can be eliminated with our purification protocol. The final rAAV9 titer obtained by our protocol totaled 2.5 ± 0.4 × 1015 viral genomes produced from ∼3.2 × 109 HEK293EB cells. We confirmed that our protocol can also be applied to purify other varied AAV genome constructs. Our protocol can scale up production of pure rAAV9, in compliance with current good manufacturing practice, for clinical applications in human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tomono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Majors in Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hirai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumi Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Akiko Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Onodera
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, multifactorial motor neurodegenerative disease with severe muscle atrophy. The glutamate release inhibitor riluzole is the only medication approved by the FDA, and prolongs patient life span by a few months, testifying to a strong need for new treatment strategies. In ALS, motor neuron degeneration first becomes evident at the motor nerve terminals in neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), the cholinergic synapse between motor neuron and skeletal muscle; degeneration then progresses proximally, implicating the NMJ as a therapeutic target. We previously demonstrated that activation of muscle‐specific kinase MuSK by the cytoplasmic protein Dok‐7 is essential for NMJ formation, and forced expression of Dok‐7 in muscle activates MuSK and enlarges NMJs. Here, we show that therapeutic administration of an adeno‐associated virus vector encoding the human DOK7 gene suppressed motor nerve terminal degeneration at NMJs together with muscle atrophy in the SOD1‐G93A ALS mouse model. Ultimately, we show that DOK7 gene therapy enhanced motor activity and life span in ALS model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanori Miyoshi
- Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Tezuka
- Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumimasa Arimura
- Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Tomono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Majors in Medical Sciences University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamanashi
- Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Tomono T, Hirai Y, Okada H, Adachi K, Ishii A, Shimada T, Onodera M, Tamaoka A, Okada T. 308. Ultracentrifugation-Free Chromatography-Mediated Large-Scale Purification of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 1 (rAAV1) and rAAV9 from the Serum-Free Culture Supernatant. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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7
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Tomono T. A pilot study on developing a new ambiguity tolerance scale. Personality and Individual Differences 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nanofiltration is one of the most effective virus reduction methods in the manufacturing process of plasma products. However, it is difficult to remove small viruses from high molecular weight protein preparations like immunoglobulin G or factor VIII complex by nanofiltration, because the size of the protein is similar to that of viruses. In order to separate the viruses from these proteins by nanofiltration, it is necessary to change the size of either one. In this study, we report that such non-enveloped viruses as human parvovirus B19 (B19), human encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC) or porcine parvovirus (PPV) aggregate in the presence of certain kinds of amino acids and could be easily removed by nanofiltration. MATERIALS AND METHODS 0.3 M Glycine (or other amino acid) solution spiked with viruses was subjected to dead-end single filtration with a 35-nm pore-size filter. Virus removal by nanofiltration was either evaluated by PCR or by infectivity assay. RESULTS B19 in a 0.3 M glycine solution was reduced to 1:10(7.5) (7.5-log) by nanofiltration with a 35-nm pore-sized filter, whereas in PBS it was not reduced. Similarly, B19 was also reduced when suspended in other amino acids solutions. This effect was also confirmed with the other small non-enveloped viruses EMC or PPV. When 5% globulin or 5% albumin was added to a 0.3 M glycine solution, the removal rate was decreased. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that viruses in the presence of certain kinds of amino acids could be aggregated and effectively removed by a filter that has a pore size larger than the size of the viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokoyama
- Japanese Red Cross, Plasma Fractionation Center, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Tomono T, Murokawa H, Minegishi K, Yamanaka R, Lizuka HY, Miyamoto M, Satoh S, Nakahira S, Murozuka T, Emura H, Doi Y, Mine H, Yokoyama S, Ohnuma H, Tanaka T, Yoshikawa A, Nishioka K. Status of NAT screening for HCV, HIV and HBV: experience in Japan. Dev Biol (Basel) 2003; 108:29-39. [PMID: 12220140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The first nationwide nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) of voluntarily donated blood after serological pre-screening and before release of cellular components and plasma for fractionation was implemented by the Japanese Red Cross Blood Transfusion Services. The NAT screening assay using multiplex reagent is time-saving, cost effective, and labour-saving procedure for all blood and blood products including short-shelf life platelets. During the 50-mini-pool NAT screening of serologically negative donations (February 1, 2001-April 30, 2001), we were able to screen out 112 HBV-positive, 25 HCV-positive, and 4 HIV-1 positive units from blood and blood components.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomono
- JRC Headquarter, Blood Services Department.
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Ohnuma H, Tanaka T, Yoshikawa A, Murokawa H, Minegishi K, Yamanaka R, Lizuka HY, Miyamoto M, Satoh S, Nakahira S, Tomono T, Murozuka T, Takeda Y, Doi Y, Mine H, Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Nishioka K. The first large-scale nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) of donated blood using multiplex reagent for simultaneous detection of HBV, HCV, and HIV-1 and significance of NAT for HBV. Microbiol Immunol 2002; 45:667-72. [PMID: 11694079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first nationwide nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) of voluntarily donated blood after serological pre-screening and before release of cellular components and plasma for fractionation was implemented by the Japanese Red Cross Blood Transfusion Services. From February 1, 2000 to April 30, 2001, specimens from 6,805,010 units of serologically negative donation were screened in minipools of 50 samples within 24 hr after blood donation by NAT using multiplex HBV/HCV/HIV-1 reagent for blood transfusion including short shelf-life platelets. Among them, 112 HBV DNA-positives, 25 HCV RNA positives and 4 HIV-1 RNA positives were screened out and we could prevent transfusion of these NAT positive units. Subtypes/genotypes of HBV DNA, adr/C, adw/A, adw/B, adw/C, ayr/C and ayw/D were found and adr/C was predominant. A total of 61.6 % of them (69/112) were negative by overnight EIA. Sixth three of HBV NAT-positive samples carried virus loads less than 10(4) copies/mL and 92.1 % of them (58/63) were negative by overnight EIA. The virus growth curves of HBV in 6 cases obtained by retrospective and prospective follow-up study showed exponential straight lines in the early stage of serological window periods and the log times of HBV growth (10 fold increase) in serological window period were between 4.6 and 7.6 days. NAT screening with highly sensitive reagents in pool of specimens is useful to exclude blood units with low level of HBV and HBV mutants from blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohnuma
- Japanese Red Cross (JRC) Staitaimai Blood Center, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1213, Japan
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Takeda Y, Wakisaka A, Noguchi K, Murozuka T, Katsubayashi Y, Matsumoto S, Tomono T, Nishioka K. Receptor-mediated haemagglutination screening and reduction in the viral load of parvovirus B19 DNA in immunopurified Factor VIII concentrate (Cross Eight M). Vox Sang 2001; 81:266-8. [PMID: 11904005 DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2001.00114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tomono T, Kato N, Ohno T, Utsugi T, Kawazu S. [Serum laminin and collagen in diabetes mellitus]. Nihon Rinsho 1998; 56 Suppl 3:135-43. [PMID: 9513404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Tomono
- Gunma University School of Health Science
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13
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Akari H, Suzuki T, Ikeda K, Hoshino H, Tomono T, Murotsuka T, Terao K, Ito H, Yoshikawa Y. Prophylaxis of experimental HTLV-I infection in cynomolgus monkeys by passive immunization. Vaccine 1997; 15:1391-5. [PMID: 9302750 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of purified human immunoglobulin against human T-cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I), designated ATLIG on HTLV-I infection was examined in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) as a preclinical study. Passive immunization of ATLIG 24 h before challenging HTLV-I protected the monkeys from HTLV-I infection. The result suggests that passive immunization of ATLIG could provide safe and sufficient protection against HTLV-I infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Akari
- Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, National Institute of Health, Ibaraki, Japan
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Nagai K, Hiyoshi H, Tomono T, Matsushima Y, Amamiya R, Oho K, Hayata Y. [One-stage resected case of dumbbell type tumor of the posterior mediastinum]. Kyobu Geka 1989; 42:831-4. [PMID: 2796074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We reported a dumbbell type tumor of the posterior mediastinum. The patient was an asymptomatic 40-year-old male. An abnormal shadow in the right lower lung field was pointed out in a mass survey. We recognized a dumbbell type tumor in the posterior mediastinum by chest CT and MRI. The tumor invaded the intervertebral canal through the spinal foramen. It was most clearly seen by MRI myelography. Operation was performed with the patient in a prone position and with an L-shaped skin incision of the back and 11th intracostal thoracotomy and Th11 laminectomy. The dumbbell type tumor was completely removed by this operation. The pathological diagnosis was Schwannoma. The post operative course was good. The one-stage operation is useful for dumbbell type tumors of the posterior mediastinum.
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Suzuki T, Ikeda K, Tomono T. Physicochemical and biological properties of poly(ethylene glycol)-coupled immunoglobulin G. Part II. Effect of molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol). J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 1989; 1:71-84. [PMID: 2488849 DOI: 10.1163/156856289x00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain a stable human immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparation for clinical use, the chemical coupling of different molecular weights of poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) to IgG molecules was achieved. The abilities of PEG-coupled IgGs (PEG-IgG hybrids) to aggregate were examined when they were subjected to such physicochemical treatments as interfacial exposure, heating, lyophilization, and acid treatment. It was found that the higher the molecular weight of PEG coupled, the more stable was the PEG-IgG hybrid obtained concerning interfacial exposure and heating. The hybrid was stable against lyophilization and acid treatment and its stability was independent of the PEG molecular weight. The decrease in antigen binding ability was suppressed as much as possible by the use of a small amount of PEG of higher molecular weight. The PEG-IgG hybrids were further assessed as a stabilizer for IgG. A limited degree of PEG coupling was required for the hybrids to achieve the most efficient stabilization of IgG; the optimal PEG contents of the hybrid were greater than 20 wt% (interfacial exposure), about 5 wt% (heating), 20 wt% (lyophilization), and 10 wt% (acid treatment) for PEG 5600. It was also confirmed that the PEG-IgG hybrid was superior to PEG and human serum albumin as a stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Japanese Red Cross, Tokyo
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16
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Suzuki T, Muroi N, Tomono T. Interactions of human serum albumin with a modified poly(vinyl alcohol) gel packing for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 1989; 1:3-16. [PMID: 2488844 DOI: 10.1163/156856289x00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of human serum albumin (HSA) with a poly(vinyl alcohol) gel packing (Asahipak GS-520) for high-performance liquid chromatography of proteins were investigated. Under certain conditions, the elution of HSA from the GS-520 column was retarded and its chromatogram was split into two peaks, indicating weak adsorption of HSA onto the gels and also the existence of two subfractions, i.e. human mercapto-albumin (HMA) and human non-mercapto-albumin (HNA). The chromatograms were confirmed to be greatly influenced by the salt composition, the pH, and the temperature of the isocratic mobile phase. It is characteristic for the adsorption of HSA onto the gels to be suppressed at a pH near its isoelectric point. The HSA-gel interaction parameters calculated using an adsorption chromatography theory demonstrate that the adsorption of HSA is caused by enthalpy-driven interactions, which are depressed by lowering the pH, in addition to hydrophobic interactions. Under the recommended chromatographic conditions for high resolution of HMA/HNA, it was found that the HSA samples possessed some subfractions besides HMA and HNA fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Japanese Red Cross Plasma Fractionation Center, Tokyo
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17
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Yamashita M, Tomono T, Kobayashi S, Torizuka K, Aizawa K, Sato T. Picosecond fluorescence spectroscopy on incorporation processes of hematoporphyrin derivative into malignant tumor cells in vitro. Photochem Photobiol 1988; 47:189-92. [PMID: 2830630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1988.tb02712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Fujii M, Ishii Y, Nagao M, Wakabayashi T, Fukahori S, Goto A, Tomono T, Hagiwara K. [A cytologic diagnosis of breast secretions--application of cytology to the mass survey of breast cancer]. Gan No Rinsho 1988; 34:174-8. [PMID: 3346995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
From January 1982 to March 1987, an exfoliative cytological examination of abnormal nipple discharge was carried out on 790 patients. Of 22 histologically confirmed mammary carcinomas, 7 cases (31.8%) were diagnosed as positive by conventional cytologic techniques. By using the concentration method, in which the nipple secretion was collected in a series of testings that lasted 3 to 5 days and stored in a glass tube containing a fixative, the diagnostic accuracy was seen to increase significantly and 9 out of 15 malignant cases (60.0%) were accurately diagnosed as having cancer. Moreover, all 5 cases without any palpable mass were found to be positive by the smears made by this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fujii
- Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer Detection Center
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Tomono T, Schiavone RJ, Overberger CG. Synthesis and esterolytic reactions of linear and cross-linked asymmetric imidazole-containing polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.1987.080251104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
The stabilization of human immunoglobulin (IgG) by chemically modified gelatins (Haemaccel and Gelofusine) was investigated. The gelatins prevented IgG from aggregation induced by exposure to interfaces and lyophilization. The stabilization effects of the gelatins were significantly larger than those of amino acids or sugars. These investigations led to the large-scale production of an immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous use in the clinic. The clinical product meets the Japanese minimum requirements for immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use, and the long-term preservation of this new freeze-dried preparation has demonstrated its stability.
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Tomono T, Sawada E. Preparation of anhydro-thrombin and its interaction with plasma antithrombin III. Nihon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi 1986; 49:969-79. [PMID: 3766081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hirose T, Tomono T, Matsuo K, Yamamoto K. Reconstruction of late laryngo-tracheal stenosis in a one stage operation by cervical flap and cartilage transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00270537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Our classification of cryptotia is based on recognition that the deformity is the result of an anomaly of the intrinsic transverse and oblique auricular muscles. Our treatment, in the first instance, is a non-surgical correction. This should be started early, if possible in the first 6 months of the baby's life. Even in the case of older children, success can sometimes be achieved and a non-surgical correction should be considered first. If non-surgical management fails the deformity can be corrected surgically by dividing the muscle fibres that produce the anomaly of the external ear through a small incision. Our new surgical approach involves moving the available skin in the region of the inferior cephalo-auricular sulcus to the superior part where skin is needed by a rotation flap. This operation has several advantages.
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Tomono T, Igarashi S, Sawada E. Synthesis of an affinity chromatography gel for AT III. Effect of purification of AT III-binding sequence of heparin. Thromb Res 1984; 35:467-73. [PMID: 6484894 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(84)90238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Suzuki T, Kanbara N, Tomono T, Hayashi N, Shinohara I. Physicochemical and biological properties of poly(ethylene glycol)-coupled immunoglobulin G. Biochim Biophys Acta 1984; 788:248-55. [PMID: 6743669 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(84)90268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop a new intravenous immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG was covalently coupled to poly(ethylene glycol) previously activated by cyanuric chloride. The poly(ethylene glycol) coupled IgG obtained was studied for physicochemical and biological properties such as molecular structure, size-exclusion chromatographic behaviour, surface activity, interfacial aggregability, heat aggregability inducing nonspecific complement activation, and antigen-binding activity. The poly(ethylene glycol) coupling to IgG increased the apparent Stokes' radius and the surface activity of IgG and stabilized IgG on heating and/or on exposure to interface, while no structural denaturation of IgG was observed. The suppressed nonspecific aggregability was interpreted mainly by difficulty in association between the modified IgG molecules. These results indicated the use of the poly(ethylene glycol)-coupled IgG as an intravenous preparation and also as an additive stabilizing intact IgG for intravenous use.
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Matsuo K, Hirose T, Tomono T, Iwasawa M, Katohda S, Takahashi N, Koh B. Nonsurgical correction of congenital auricular deformities in the early neonate: a preliminary report. Plast Reconstr Surg 1984; 73:38-51. [PMID: 6691074 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198401000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We conclude that auricular deformities of the early neonate are corrigible by nonsurgical correction. Ideally, the correction should be started immediately after birth (realistically, at latest by the third day after birth) in order to obtain satisfactory and irreversible results.
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Abstract
The use of anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography columns for the analysis of plasma proteins has been investigated. Mono Q and Polyanion SI were used as anion-exchangers. Several factors, including solvent composition, pH, flow-rate, sodium chloride linear concentration gradient and sample loading capacity, were examined for their effects on the resolution of protein standards and pooled human plasma (PHP). PHP was separated into ten or more protein fractions by a Mono Q column (50 X 5 mm I.D., flow-rate 2 ml/min) within 10 min. Components analysis of each fraction was performed using immunochemical methods and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. The Mono Q column was applied to the analysis of IgG myeloma and other patient plasma samples.
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Kato H, Konaka C, Ono J, Matsushima Y, Nishimiya K, Lay J, Sawa H, Shinohara H, Saito T, Kinoshita K, Tomono T, Aida M, Hayata Y. Effectiveness of HPD and radiation therapy in lung cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 1983; 160:23-39. [PMID: 6301227 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4406-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Tomono T, Suzuki T, Tokunaga E. Analysis of peptic fragmentation of human immunoglobulin G using high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1982; 123:394-401. [PMID: 7125212 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Tomono T, Hirose T, Matsuo K, Matsui T. A denuded "turn-over" deltopectoral flap combined with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in the repair of extensive radionecrosis of the chest wall. Br J Plast Surg 1982; 35:63-6. [PMID: 7066589 DOI: 10.1016/0007-1226(82)90087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
For a one-stage repair of large and deep radionecrotic ulcers over the chest wall, we have used a denuded "turn-over" deltopectoral flap combined with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. With this technique we can easily cover a defect measuring over 20 x 20 cm. The deformity of the donor site on the contralateral infraclavicular region is minimal. Three illustrative cases are presented.
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Fukuda O, Tomono T, Hirose T. Treatment of subtotally amputated auricles. Plast Reconstr Surg 1981. [DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198110000-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
In order to obtain an efficacious and safe immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparation for intravenous use, the digestion of IgG with an immobilized pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1) preparation was studied. Thus, pepsin was immobilized onto glutaraldehyde-activated AH-Sepharose 4B under acidic conditions. THe enzymatic properties, such as proteolytic activity, pH-activity profile and heat stability, of the immobilized pepsin preparation were examined. The immobilized pepsin retained more than 40% of its proteolytic activity toward N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-3,5-diiodo-tyrosine and more than 30% toward IgG, and also remarkable stability as compared with free pepsin. The immobilized pepsin thus prepared was efficiently used for the limited cleavage of IgG and the gel-filtration effect of the column made it easily possible to yield the F(ab')2-rich fraction for intravenous use.
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Tomono T. [Removal of tubal tonsils under a direct view (author's transl)]. Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1978; 81:1517-30. [PMID: 748505 DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.81.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Overberger CG, Guterl AC, Kawakami Y, Mathias LJ, Meenakshi A, Tomono T. Recent developments in the use of polymers as reactants in organic reactions. PURE APPL CHEM 1978. [DOI: 10.1351/pac197850040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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