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Ferrero F, Lin CY, Liese J, Luz K, Stoeva T, Nemeth A, Gijón M, Calvo C, Natalini S, Toh TH, Deleu S, Chen B, Rusch S, Sánchez BL, Leipoldt I, Vijgen L, Huntjens D, Baguet T, Bertzos K, Gamil M, Stevens M. CROCuS, a Phase II Study Evaluating the Antiviral Activity, Clinical Outcomes, and Safety of Rilematovir in Children Aged ≥ 28 Days and ≤ 3 Years with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Paediatr Drugs 2024:10.1007/s40272-024-00625-x. [PMID: 38649595 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-024-00625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in children aged ≤ 5 years and adults aged ≥ 60 years worldwide. Despite this, RSV-specific therapeutic options are limited. Rilematovir is an investigational, orally administered inhibitor of RSV fusion protein-mediated viral entry. OBJECTIVE To establish the antiviral activity, clinical outcomes, safety, and tolerability of rilematovir (low or high dose) in children aged ≥ 28 days and ≤ 3 years with RSV disease. METHODS CROCuS was a multicenter, international, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, adaptive phase II study, wherein children aged ≥ 28 days and ≤ 3 years with confirmed RSV infection who were either hospitalized (Cohort 1) or treated as outpatients (Cohort 2) were randomized (1:1:1) to receive rilematovir (low or high dose) or placebo. Study treatment was administered daily as an oral suspension from days 1 to 7, with dosing based on weight and age groups. The primary objective was to establish antiviral activity of rilematovir by evaluating the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of RSV viral load in nasal secretions from baseline through day 5. Severity and duration of RSV signs and symptoms and the safety and tolerability of rilematovir were also assessed through day 28 (± 3). RESULTS In total, 246 patients were randomized, treated, and included in the safety analysis population (Cohort 1: 147; Cohort 2: 99). Of these, 231 were included in the intent-to-treat-infected analysis population (Cohort 1: 138; Cohort 2: 93). In both cohorts, demographics were generally similar across treatment groups. In both cohorts combined, the difference (95% confidence interval) in the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve of RSV RNA viral load through day 5 was - 1.25 (- 2.672, 0.164) and - 1.23 (- 2.679, 0.227) log10 copies∙days/mL for the rilematovir low-dose group and the rilematovir high-dose group, respectively, when compared with placebo. The estimated Kaplan-Meier median (95% confidence interval) time to resolution of key RSV symptoms in the rilematovir low-dose, rilematovir high-dose, and placebo groups of Cohort 1 was 6.01 (4.24, 7.25), 5.82 (4.03, 8.18), and 7.05 (5.34, 8.97) days, respectively; in Cohort 2, estimates were 6.45 (4.81, 9.70), 6.26 (5.41, 7.84), and 5.85 (3.90, 8.27) days, respectively. A similar incidence of adverse events was reported in patients treated with rilematovir and placebo in Cohort 1 (rilematovir: 61.9%; placebo: 58.0%) and Cohort 2 (rilematovir: 50.8%; placebo: 47.1%), with most reported as grade 1 or 2 and none leading to study discontinuation. The study was terminated prematurely, as the sponsor made a non-safety-related strategic decision to discontinue rilematovir development prior to full recruitment of Cohort 2. CONCLUSIONS Data from the combined cohort suggest that rilematovir has a small but favorable antiviral effect of indeterminate clinical relevance compared with placebo, as well as a favorable safety profile. Safe and effective therapeutic options for RSV in infants and young children remain an unmet need. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT Number: 2016-003642-93; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03656510. First posted date: 4 September, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ferrero
- Departamento de Medicina, Hospital General de Niños "Pedro de Elizalde", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics and Infectious Disease, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children's Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Johannes Liese
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kleber Luz
- Departamento de Infectologia, Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Moléstias Infecciosas-CEPCLIN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Tatyana Stoeva
- DCC 'Sv. Vrach and Sv. Sv. Kuzma and Damyan', OOD, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Agnes Nemeth
- Unit of Pulmonology, Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Manuel Gijón
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Calvo
- Pediatrics and Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Idipaz, CIBERINFEC ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvina Natalini
- Department of Pediatrics, Vaccine Unit Department, Hospital HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Teck-Hock Toh
- Clinical Research Centre & Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Sibu, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Sofie Deleu
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Bohang Chen
- Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah Rusch
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Illse Leipoldt
- Janssen-Cilag Pharmaceutical South Africa, Durban North, South Africa
| | - Leen Vijgen
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Gamil
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
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Ivanova T, Dimitrova D, Gussev C, Bosseva Y, Stoeva T. Ex situ conservation of Ruscus aculeatus L. - ruscogenin biosynthesis, genome-size stability and propagation traits of tissue-cultured clones. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015; 29:27-32. [PMID: 26019616 PMCID: PMC4433947 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.984976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruscus aculeatus L. is a perennial semi-shrub with distinctive leaf-like branches (cladodes). Rhizomes and roots contain steroidal saponins (ruscogenins) that are used in medicine and cosmetics for their anti-inflammatory, venotonic and antihaemorroidal activity. Problematic cultivation of the species causes in many countries unsustainable over-collection from the wild. Tissue culture propagation of R. aculeatus was carried out for conservation and propagation purposes. The impact of the clonal origin (genotype) on the ruscogenin biosynthesis, genome-size stability and propagation traits and morpho-physiological response to long-term cultivation in vitro was studied. Production of ruscogenins in fully developed regenerants was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Genome-size stability of the clones was assessed by flow cytometry. Slow growth and prolonged lag-phase were characteristic for the whole propagation cycle. Produced plantlets with well-defined organs were suitable for direct ex vitro planting. Genome DNA content of all clones was stable and comparable to native plants. Ruscogenin biosynthesis was clone-specific, presenting distinctive profiles of the cultures. Our results imply that clone origin and culture type might influence saponin biosynthesis in Ruscus. These traits should be considered in the ex situ conservation of the genetic diversity of this species and by production of planting material as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Ivanova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Dessislava Dimitrova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Chavdar Gussev
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Yulia Bosseva
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Stoeva
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
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Bogdanova Y, Stoeva T, Yanev S, Pandova B, Molle E, Burrus M, Stanilova M. Influence of plant origin on propagation capacity and alkaloid biosynthesis during long-term in vitro cultivation of Leucojum aestivum L. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 2008; 45:458-465. [PMID: 32214772 PMCID: PMC7089496 DOI: 10.1007/s11627-008-9178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The investigation deals with in vitro clonal propagation of L. aestivum L. (summer snowflake), a threatened Amaryllidaceae plant species in Bulgaria used in the pharmaceutical industry as raw material for production of galanthamine-based medicines. Plants of known origin and with different alkaloid profile were taken from the living collection of the Institute of Botany, Sofia. Bulbs were used to initiate in vitro cultures and 24 clones were multiplied. The influence of the clone origin on the propagation coefficient, shoot and bulblet morphology, alkaloid profile and content of galanthamine, lycorine, and four related alkaloids was evaluated. Clones kept stable alkaloid profiles and for most of them, high regeneration rates were noted. Galanthamine content of some clones was commensurable with that of Bulgarian populations of L. aestivum of commercial importance. Five clones: four galanthamine-type and one lycorine-type were selected as promising for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliyana Bogdanova
- Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Stoeva
- Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislav Yanev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bozhidarka Pandova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emil Molle
- Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov Str., 1421 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Monique Burrus
- EDB, UMR5174, University P. Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Marina Stanilova
- Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Stoeva T, Higgins PG, Bojkova K, Seifert H. Clonal spread of carbapenem-resistant OXA-23-positive Acinetobacter baumannii in a Bulgarian university hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:723-7. [PMID: 18558947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From October 1999 to September 2006, 29 carbapenem-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were collected consecutively from patients hospitalized in different wards of the University Hospital in Pleven, Bulgaria. The bla(OXA-23) gene, associated with the upstream-located ISAba1, was identified as the mechanism responsible for carbapenem resistance in all isolates. The isolates belonged to two different clonal groups, indicating a sustained hospital outbreak. This study demonstrates both the epidemic potential of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and its longevity in the hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stoeva
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
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Kulevanova S, Stoeva T, Ristić M. The essential oil composition of Thymus tosevii and Thymus macedonicus from Bulgaria. Boll Chim Farm 2000; 139:85-8. [PMID: 10920534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils composition of Thymus tosevii Velen. and Thymus macedonicus (Deg. et Ur.) Ronn. from Bulgaria were examined by analytical GC and GC-MS techniques. 39 components were separated in the oil of T. tosevii and 22 of them were identified, representing 94.37% of the oil. The most abundant constituents were: terpinyl acetate (43.59%), thymol (11.43%) and nerol (11.72%). More than 70 components were separated in the essential oil of T. macedonicus, 35 were identified, representing 96.03% of the oil. The major components were geranyl acetate (30.00%) and terpinyl acetate (17.30%), followed by lower amounts of nerol (14.25%), linalool (12.94%) and thymol (4.14%). Both examined taxa contained essential oils composed mainly from monoterpene oxygenate compounds while the fractions of monoterpene hydrocarbons as well as sesquiterpene components were very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kulevanova
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Skopje, Macedonia
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