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Behram T, Pervez S, Nawaz MA, Ullah R, Khan AA, Ahmad B, Alanzai AM, Ahmad A, Jan AK, Rahman HU, Jamal M, Tour jan, Mohyuddin A, Khan NM, Ahmad S. Synthesis and analysis of silica nanocarriers for pectinase immobilization: Enhancing enzymatic stability for continuous industrial applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23549. [PMID: 38169865 PMCID: PMC10758773 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pectinolytic enzymes are among the important group of industrial enzymes that have wide applications in different food industries. In this study, pectinase-based silica nanocarriers were synthesized using co-precipitation and cross-linking techniques. The resulting silica nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive electron microscopy (EDEX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for determination of its morphology, elemental composition, and crystalline pattern. Under the optimal immobilization conditions like 1.5 % glutaraldehyde, 3000 IU/mg pectinase concentration, 90 min immobilization time and 40 °C immobilization temperature, pectinase showed maximum immobilization yield. The immobilization of pectinase onto the silica nanocarriers led to enhanced catalytic characteristics, displaying higher enzymatic activity across various temperature and pH levels compared to soluble pectinase. Moreover, the immobilization substantially improved the temperature stability of pectinase, exhibiting 100 % of its initial activity even after 120 h of pre-incubation at 50 °C. Additionally, the silica nanocarrier pectinase retained 100 % of its original activity even after being reused 10 times in a single batch of reactions. These findings indicate that the immobilization of silica nanocarriers effectively enhances pectinase's industrial capabilities, making it economically feasible for industrial use and an efficient system for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Behram
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Pervez
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Amer M. Alanzai
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asrar Ahmad
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University Washington DC, USA
| | - Abdul Khaliq Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benzir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), Pakistan
| | - Haneef Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turbat, Kech Baluchistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tour jan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Mohyuddin
- Department of Chemistry, The Emerson University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Mehmood Khan
- Department of Agriculture, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), KPK, Pakistan
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Behram T, Pervez S, Nawaz MA, Ahmad S, Jan AU, Rehman HU, Ahmad S, Khan NM, Khan FA. Development of Pectinase Based Nanocatalyst by Immobilization of Pectinase on Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Glutaraldehyde as Crosslinking Agent. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010404. [PMID: 36615596 PMCID: PMC9823745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To increase its operational stability and ongoing reusability, B. subtilis pectinase was immobilized on iron oxide nanocarrier. Through co-precipitation, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive electron microscopy (EDEX) were used to analyze the nanoparticles. Pectinase was immobilized using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent on iron oxide nanocarrier. In comparison to free pectinase, immobilized pectinase demonstrated higher enzymatic activity at a variety of temperatures and pH levels. Immobilization also boosted pectinase's catalytic stability. After 120 h of pre-incubation at 50 °C, immobilized pectinase maintained more than 90% of its initial activity due to the iron oxide nanocarrier, which improved the thermal stability of pectinase at various temperatures. Following 15 repetitions of enzymatic reactions, immobilized pectinase still exhibited 90% of its initial activity. According to the results, pectinase's catalytic capabilities were enhanced by its immobilization on iron oxide nanocarrier, making it economically suitable for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Behram
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Pervez
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
| | - Amin Ullah Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
| | - Haneef Ur Rehman
- Department of Natural and Basic Sciences, University of Turbat, Kech, Turbat 92600, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nasir Mehmood Khan
- Department of Agriculture, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
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