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Mahalakshmi IP, Sinha P, Nagaraj T, Okade D, Nonitha S, Veerabasaivaiah BT. Relationship between ABO blood group and Rh factor with oral potentially malignant disorder. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:57-59. [PMID: 35571314 PMCID: PMC9106246 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_75_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral cancer is the most life threatening of all oral diseases. It has a prolonged natural history with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) as the precursor. Recognition and diagnosis of OPMD will help in early treatment, patient survival and in reducing morbidity related to treatment of oral cancer. OPMDs has multifactorial etiologies and is significantly associated with risk factors of the individual's lifestyle, particularly, chronic use of tobacco, spicy food, alcohol and smoking. Genetic factors also play an important role in the etiology of OPMDs. It is proven by many studies like Dermatoglyphics, Salivary miRNA, micronuclei in buccal mucosa etc., one of such kind is ABO blood group and Rh factor. OBJECTIVE: Aim of our study is to evaluate if any of the ABO blood group and Rh factor is associated with an increased risk for OPMDs. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences included 55 patients with clinical and histopathologically proven OPMD's. Blood grouping was determined for all the patients using standardised agglutination method. Result: This study showed that people with blood group B+ are 1.46 times at a greater risk to develop OPMDs. Conclusion: Our study concludes that subjects with B+ blood group and habit of tobacco chewing and smoking are at higher risk to develop OPMDs than subjects with other blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Mahalakshmi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Sinha
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejavathi Nagaraj
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Durga Okade
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Nonitha
- Department of Maxillofacial Pathology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhavana T Veerabasaivaiah
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Biswas A, James L, Shafath A, Nagaraj T. Unicystic ameloblastoma of mural variant crossing the midline. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2022; 13:S199-S202. [PMID: 36393966 PMCID: PMC9651220 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_21_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicystic ameloblastoma (UCA) refers to cystic lesions that show gross features of a jaw cyst but on histologic examination show a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining part of the cyst cavity, with or without luminal and/or mural tumor growth. Even though the lesion is not as aggressive as the solid ameloblastoma, an accurate histopathologic diagnosis is essential for the treatment and prognosis. This case report illustrates a case of UCA of mural variant in the anterior region of the mandible crossing the midline, which is usually an unusual site of occurrence.
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Veerabasavaiah B, Nagaraj T, Santosh HN. Liver-Expressed antimicrobial peptide as an early predictor of dysplasia in oral submucous fibrosis: An experimental trial. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_161_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ranganathan K, Kavitha L, Sharada P, Bavle RM, Rao RS, Pattanshetty SM, Hazarey VK, Madhura MG, Nagaraj T, Lingappa A, Warnakulasuriya S. Intra‐observer and inter‐observer variability in two grading systems for oral epithelial dysplasia: A multi‐centre study in India. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:948-955. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Ranganathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Ragas Dental College and Hospital Chennai India
- The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University Chennai India
| | - Loganathan Kavitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Ragas Dental College and Hospital Chennai India
- The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University Chennai India
| | - Prakash Sharada
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Pathology AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences Bengaluru India
| | - Radhika M. Bavle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences Bengaluru India
| | - Roopa S. Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology Faculty of Dental Sciences Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Bangaluru India
| | | | | | | | - Tejavathi Nagaraj
- Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental sciences & Hospital Bengaluru India
| | | | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences King's College LondonWHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer London UK
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Balraj L, K U, Nagaraj T. The correlation between micronuclei count and smoking behavior: A hospital-based study. J Oral Res 2020. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2020.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Micronucleus is a microscopically visible cyto-plasmic chromatin mass in the extranuclear vicinity, originating from aberrant mitosis, which consists of eccentric chromosomes that have failed to reach spindle poles during mitosis. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare cytogenetic changes in the buccal mucosa of smokers and non-smokers based on the occurrence of micronuclei. The study aimed to determine the correlation between the micronuclei count and the frequency and duration of smoking habit. Materials and Methods: Two groups (smokers and non-smokers) of 34 individuals each were examined. Cytological buccal smears were taken from participants using a moistened wooden spatula and stained with standard Papanicolaou stain. Presence of micronuclei was assessed at 40X magnification using a light microscope and a count per 500 cells was determined. The results of the study were analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Student t-test. Result: Smears from smokers showed a significant increase in the total number of micronuclei per 500 cell count compared to non-smokers. There was a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. A age-related increase in older age groups was also observed. Conclusion: The study reveals a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. This observation is vital in the utilization of the micronuclei detection in smears as a prognostic, educational and interventional tool in the management of patients with smoking habits.
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Smitha M, Paul ST, Nagaraj T, Khan AR, Rinu K. Comparison and Clinical Evaluation of Two Pit and Fissure Sealants on Permanent Mandibular First Molars: An In Vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019; 20:1151-1158. [PMID: 31883249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the clinical efficacy of a microfilled pit and fissure sealant and a nanofilled pit and fissure sealant at 3, 6, and 12 months of interval. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples consisting of 55 healthy 8- to 12-year-old children with deep pits and fissures in mandibular first permanent molars were selected for the study. It was a split mouth design and randomized clinical trial. A total of 110 mandibular first molars were divided into two groups of 55 each: group I Fissurit FX sealant and group II Grandioseal nanofilled fissure sealant. The sealed teeth were clinically evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months of interval to assess marginal adaptation, sealant retention, fissure caries development, roughness of sealant surface, and change of color around the sealant. RESULTS The results showed that both Fissurit FX and Grandioseal pit and fissure sealants were effective in preventing dental caries. Marginal adaptation was significantly better with Fissurit FX when compared to Grandioseal pit and fissure sealant. There was no difference in sealant retention between the two groups. The surface roughness of Fissurit FX was high when compared to that of Grandioseal. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-squared test for intra-group comparison and Fisher's exact test for inter-group comparison. Results were considered statistically significant if p ≤ 0.05. CONCLUSION Fissurit FX and Grandioseal pit and fissure sealants provided similar caries preventive effects and there was no difference in retention of sealants over a period of 1 year. However, surface roughness was better with Grandioseal fissure sealants. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study is significant because there is limited evidence about the efficacy of nanofilled pit and fissure sealants in vivo. It will also provide dental practitioners an insight into the clinical efficacy of nanofilled pits and fissure sealant when compared to micro-filled sealant enabling them to make the right choice for the betterment of their dental practice. How to cite this article: Smitha M, Paul ST, Nagaraj T, et al. Comparison and Clinical Evaluation of Two Pit and Fissure Sealants on Permanent Mandibular First Molars: An In Vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019;20(10):1151-1158.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjakandy Smitha
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Phone: +91 9845193394, e-mail:
| | - Santhosh T Paul
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejavathi Nagaraj
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdul R Khan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kumaranachary Rinu
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
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Raju K L, Haragannavar VC, Patil S, Rao RS, Nagaraj T, Augustine D, Venkatesiah SS, Nambiar S. Expression of hTERT in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – an Immunohistochemical Analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1573-1582. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Patel RK, Pai SA, Nagaraj T, Kohli A, Kj MJ, Bg S. Linear Dimensional Changes of Five Interocclusal Recording Materials When Immersed in Two Disinfectants for Different Time Intervals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019; 20:732-737. [PMID: 31358718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we intend to compare the linear dimensional changes of interocclusal recording media by immersing them in disinfectant solutions at different time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five interocclusal recording materials were used for this study and were grouped according to material types, namely wax, zinc oxide eugenol impression paste, polyether, polyvinyl siloxane, and bisacryl bite registration material. Each material was manipulated and injected into a stainless steel die. The materials were divided into 5 groups with 5 subgroups of 10 samples with a total of 250 samples. The samples were subjected to immersion in 2% glutaraldehyde and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite each for 30 and 60 minutes. Linear dimensional changes of the samples were tested by measuring the distance between points A and B at different time intervals by means of a stereomicroscope and compared with the control group. RESULTS Bisacryl showed the least linear dimensional change when immersed in both the solutions. CONCLUSION Bisacryl (Luxabite) presented no linear dimensional change at both time intervals as opposed to the other materials, hence, it is most accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajanna Kv Patel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushant A Pai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejavathi Nagaraj
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aanchal Kohli
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Phone: +91 9604604994, e-mail:
| | - Mangala Jyothi Kj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Smitha Bg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Nagaraj T, Santosh HN. Estimation of serum hepcidin in oral submucous fibrosis before and after supplementation with oral iron: A randomized control clinical trial. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 22:303-306. [PMID: 30651671 PMCID: PMC6306602 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_112_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Iron-deficiency anemia is synonymous with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). The cause for the same has not been ascertained yet. OSMF by way of anemia of chronic disease could be a probable cause of iron deficiency. Aim and Objective: This study was intended to evaluate the level of hemoglobin (Hb) in OSMF and to establish a relationship between serum hepcidin and Hb with OSMF, before and after oral supplementation of iron. Materials and Methods: The clinical trial was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2016/03/006761). Eighty participants were selected. Based on the hematocrit values, they were divided into equal number of case (Group I) and control (Group II). Serum hepcidin was evaluated in these eighty participants with clinically established OSMF. Participants in the case group with low hematocrit values indicative of iron-deficiency anemia were supplemented with oral iron capsules twice daily for 3 months. After an interval of 3 months, serum hepcidin and hematocrit were evaluated. Statistics: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 11.5 (IBM, New York, USA). One-way ANOVA test was done to assess the correlation between Hb% and serum hepcidin. Unpaired t-test was done to correlate Hb% and hepcidin before and after oral supplementation of iron. Clinical significance was established by calculating the effect size. Results: There was a significant correlation between the values of serum hepcidin and Hb (P < 0.001) before and after oral supplementation of elemental iron. After oral supplementation of iron, hematocrit improved in Group I along with reduction in serum hepcidin. Conclusion: It can be concluded that reduction of serum hepcidin is indicative of improvement in iron stores of body. Hence, serum hepcidin can be utilized as a diagnostic marker to assess iron stores in OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejavathi Nagaraj
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H N Santosh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Gogula S, James L, Nagaraj T, Sumana CK, Nigam H, Saxena S. Determination of gender by using mandibular flexure – A radiographic study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_65_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Okade D, Nagaraj T, Mahalakshmi IP, Saxena S. Plexiform ameloblastoma arising from the dentigerous cyst – A rare case report. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_60_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to identify a co-relation between clinical and histopathological features of verrucous carcinoma. Materials and Methods This study was conducted based on Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire comprising of 3 sets of questions covering clinical and histopathological aspects of the oral verrucous carcinoma. The target subjects were specialists in the field of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology. Results and Conclusion Verrucous carcinoma is a low grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma and the clinical features of both are very similar. The treatment of both differs widely; we fail to diagnose it correctly. This study correlates the clinic-pathologic features of oral verrucous carcinoma by means of statistically analyzing the varied clinical features and pathological impressions. This is helpful in eliminating the diagnostic dilemma and thus channelizing the data to present a clear treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Santosh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejavathi Nagaraj
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Swati Saxena
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arundhati Biswas
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushant Anant Pai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Balraj L, Nagaraj T, Irugu K, Rajashekarmurthy S, Sreelakshmi. Radiographic assessment of distribution of mandibular third molar impaction: A retrospective study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-1363.195125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Holenarasipur S, Nagaraj T, Batlahalli M, Tathanahalli Y. Atypical variation of oral verrucous carcinoma: A comprehensive case report. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-1363.189975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nagaraj T, Shruthi R, James L, Keerthi I, Balraj L, Goswami RD. The size and morphology of sella turcica: A lateral cephalometric study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15713/ins.jmrps.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Puttaranganaik M, Nagaraj T, Nadig S, Sinha P. Cleidocranial dysplasia presenting with retained deciduous teeth and impacted permanent and supernumerary teeth. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-1363.143714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sreelakshmi, Nagaraj T, Sinha P, Goswami R, Veerabasaviah B. A radiographic assessment of the prevalence of idiopathic pulp calcifications in permanent teeth: A retrospective radiographic study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-1363.144993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present the first case of unusual reverse oblique (110 degrees to midsagittal plane) migration of mandibular right canine crossing the jaw midline and piercing the lower border of the mandible at the level of the opposite canine and also to report two more cases of transmigrated mandibular canine and one case of transmigrating mandibular canine. Mandibular canines are "cornerstone" of dental arch; their importance is manifested by their efficiency in masticatory function, stability of dental arch, and aid in maintaining natural facial expression. Early detection of this anomaly can help preserving these canines by orthodontic intervention or by surgical transplantation. This developmental anomaly is properly diagnosed by radiographic evaluation, which is primarily based on the panoramic radiograph. In patients with overretained deciduous canines or missing permanent canines, an intraoral radiograph should be supplemented with panoramic radiograph. This paper discusses the importance of early diagnosis of canine transmigration in treatment planning and reviews the various possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Umashree
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Al-Badar Dental College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Al-Badar Dental College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejavathi Nagaraj
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Karnataka, India
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Prashant GM, Patil RB, Nagaraj T, Patel VB. The antimicrobial activity of the three commercially available intense sweeteners against common periodontal pathogens: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13:749-752. [PMID: 23403996 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of three commercially available intense sweeteners against two common periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three commercially available intense sweeteners namely saccharin, aspartame and sucralose were obtained and powdered. Necessary concentrations of the sweeteners were prepared by mixing them with an inert solvent. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using agar well diffusion technique. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS All the three sweeteners showed significant antimicrobial activity against the periodontal pathogens tested. Sucralose containing sucralose showed maximum zone of inhibition, against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Saccharin and aspartame containing saccharin and aspartame respectively, showed maximum zone of inhibition, against Porphyromonas gingivalis. CONCLUSION All the sweeteners used in this study have demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. Therefore, these sweeteners could be recommended as an ideal alternative to sucrose. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental caries and periodontal diseases are ubiquitous diseases of mankind caused by microorganisms. Dental caries is caused by sucrose. By altering the source like intense sweetener we can combat caries as well as with its antimicrobial properties against periodontopathic bacteria, we can reduce prevalence of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Prashant
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577004, Karnataka, India.
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Nagaraj T, Vasanth JP, Desai A, Kamat A, Madhusudana SN, Ravi V. Ante mortem diagnosis of human rabies using saliva samples: comparison of real time and conventional RT-PCR techniques. J Clin Virol 2006; 36:17-23. [PMID: 16504574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Revised: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabies is an enzootic and fatal disease and is still a major problem in developing countries. Ante mortem diagnosis in human cases is necessary for medical management of the patient and to ensure appropriate post-exposure treatment of contacts. Both conventional RT-PCR and Real time PCR (TaqMan) have been described for the detection of rabies virus RNA from saliva and tissue respectively, however to date, there have been no studies comparing conventional and real time PCR assays for detection of rabies virus nucleic acid using saliva samples for ante mortem diagnosis. OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the utility of conventional RT-PCR and SYBR Green I Real time PCR in the ante mortem diagnosis of rabies using saliva samples. STUDY DESIGN Saliva samples collected from twenty-four patients presenting with typical clinical manifestations of rabies were tested in the two assays. RESULTS Amongst the 24 samples tested, 21 samples (87.5%) were positive by either of the two molecular methods. Of these 21, rabies virus RNA was detected in 6/21 in the conventional RT-PCR assay while SYBR Green I Real time PCR could detect RNA in 18/21 samples. CONCLUSION Real time PCR assay was more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR assay (sensitivity 75% versus 37%, p=0.0189). This study highlights the utility of molecular diagnostic tests in establishing ante mortem diagnosis of rabies using saliva samples within a few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagaraj
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
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