1
|
Leahy T, Rickard JP, Bernecic NC, Druart X, de Graaf SP. Ram seminal plasma and its functional proteomic assessment. Reproduction 2020; 157:R243-R256. [PMID: 30844754 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ejaculation results in the confluence of epididymal spermatozoa with secretions of the accessory sex glands. This interaction is not a prerequisite for fertilisation success, but seminal factors do play a crucial role in prolonging the survival of spermatozoa both in vitro and in vivo by affording protection from handling induced stress and some selective mechanisms of the female reproductive tract. Reproductive biologists have long sought to identify specific factors in seminal plasma that influence sperm function and fertility in these contexts. Many seminal plasma proteins have been identified as diagnostic predictors of sperm function and have been isolated and applied in vitro to prevent sperm damage associated with the application of artificial reproductive technologies. Proteomic assessment of the spermatozoon, and its surroundings, has provided considerable advances towards these goals and allowed for greater understanding of their physiological function. In this review, the importance of seminal plasma will be examined through a proteomic lens to provide comprehensive analysis of the ram seminal proteome and detail the use of proteomic studies that correlate seminal plasma proteins with ram sperm function and preservation ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Leahy
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J P Rickard
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N C Bernecic
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, New South Wales, Australia
| | - X Druart
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et du Comportement, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - S P de Graaf
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alli M, Kleiman J, Bryant T, Haisley S, MacKenzie A, Dauz S, Ippolito R, Fernandes N, Leahy T, Bihuniak J. “Does Environment Matter? Comparison of Obesity Severity and Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors Between Students from Different College Campuses.”. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
3
|
Pini T, Rickard JP, Leahy T, Crossett B, Druart X, de Graaf SP. Cryopreservation and egg yolk medium alter the proteome of ram spermatozoa. J Proteomics 2018; 181:73-82. [PMID: 29627624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation causes significant lethal and sub-lethal damage to spermatozoa. In order to improve freezing outcomes, a comprehensive understanding of sub-lethal damage is required. Cryopreservation induced changes to sperm proteins have been investigated in several species, but few have employed currently available state of the art, data independent acquisition mass spectrometry (MS) methods. We used the SWATH LC-MS method to quantitatively profile proteomic changes to ram spermatozoa following exposure to egg yolk and cryopreservation. Egg yolk contributed 15 proteins to spermatozoa, including vitellogenins, apolipoproteins and complement component C3. Cryopreservation significantly altered the abundance of 51 proteins. Overall, 27 proteins increased (e.g. SERPINB1, FER) and 24 proteins decreased (e.g. CCT subunits, CSNK1G2, TOM1L1) in frozen thawed ram spermatozoa, compared to fresh spermatozoa. Chaperones constituted 20% of the proteins lost from spermatozoa following cryopreservation. These alterations may interfere with both normal cellular functioning and the ability of frozen thawed spermatozoa to appropriately respond to stress. This is the first study to apply SWATH mass spectrometry techniques to characterise proteins contributed by egg yolk based freezing media and to profile cryopreservation induced proteomic changes to ram spermatozoa. SIGNIFICANCE This study profiles changes to the sperm proteome induced by exposure to egg yolk based media and the process of cryopreservation, and the biological consequences are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Pini
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - J P Rickard
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - T Leahy
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - B Crossett
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - X Druart
- UMR6175 INRA, CNRS-Université de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - S P de Graaf
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barbas JP, Leahy T, Horta AE, García-Herreros M. Sperm kinematics and subpopulational responses during the cryopreservation process in caprine ejaculates. Cryobiology 2018; 82:137-147. [PMID: 29571632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation in goats has been a challenge for many years due to the detrimental effects of seminal plasma enzymes produced by the bulbo-urethral glands which catalyse the hydrolysis of lecithins in egg yolk to fatty acids and lysolecithins which are deleterious to spermatozoa. This fact implies to carry out additional processing steps during sperm cryopreservation for seminal plasma removal triggering different sperm responses which may affect sperm functionality. The objective of the present study was to determine specific sperm subpopulation responses in different handling steps during the cryopreservation process by using functional sperm kinematic descriptors in caprine ejaculates. Buck ejaculates (n = 40) were analysed for sperm concentration, viability, morphology and acrosome integrity. Moreover, sperm motility was assessed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system after five different handling steps (fresh sperm, 1st washing, 2nd washing, cooling and frozen-thawed sperm) during a standard cryopreservation protocol for goat semen. The results were analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multivariate clustering procedures to establish the relationship between the distribution of the subpopulations found and the functional sperm motility in each step. Except for the 1st and 4th steps, four sperm kinematic subpopulations were observed explaining more than 75% of the variance. Based on velocity and linearity parameters and the subpopulations disclosed, the kinematic response varies among processing steps modifying sperm movement trajectories in a subpopulation-specific and handling step-dependent manner (p < 0.001). The predominant motile subpopulation in freshly ejaculated buck sperm had very fast velocity characteristics and a non-linear trajectory (41.1%). Washing buck sperm twice altered the subpopulation structure as well as cooling which resulted in a dramatic reduction in sperm velocities (p < 0.01). Frozen-thawed spermatozoa showed similar characteristics to cooled sperm except there was a further increase in linearity with a large proportion of sperm attributed to new slow, linear cluster (32.5%). In conclusion, this study confirms the variability and heterogeneity of goat sperm kinematic patterns throughout the cryopreservation process and suggests that the predominant motility pattern (assayed in vitro via CASA) of high quality spermatozoa might be typified by high speed and a non-linear trajectory. The relationships among the number and distribution of sperm subpopulations and the different handling steps were particularlly relevant, specially after the cooling and the post-thawing steps, when effects derived from these critical handling steps were evident and altered drastically the sperm motion patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Barbas
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (I.N.IA.V., I.P.), Santarém, Portugal
| | - T Leahy
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - A E Horta
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (I.N.IA.V., I.P.), Santarém, Portugal
| | - M García-Herreros
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (I.N.IA.V., I.P.), Santarém, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nishio S, Takekuma M, Takeuchi S, Kawano K, Tsuda N, Tasaki K, Takahashi N, Abe M, Tanaka A, Nagasawa T, Shoji T, Xiong H, Nuthalapati S, Leahy T, Hashiba H, Kiriyama T, Komarnitsky P, Hirashima Y, Ushijima K. Phase 1 study of veliparib with carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2213-2220. [PMID: 28837250 PMCID: PMC5665762 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study was conducted to determine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of veliparib with carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel in Japanese women with newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer. Patients received veliparib at 100 or 150 mg b.i.d. on days 1-21 with carboplatin (area under the concentration-time curve 6 mg/mL•min) on day 1 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 every 3 weeks for up to 6 21-day cycles. Dose escalation followed a 3 + 3 design to determine dose-limiting toxicities, maximum tolerated dose and the recommended phase 2 dose. Nine patients (median age 62 [range 27-72] years) received a median of 5 (range 3-6) cycles of treatment (3 at 100 mg, 6 at 150 mg). There were no dose-limiting toxicities. The most common adverse events of any grade were neutropenia (100%), alopecia (89%), peripheral sensory neuropathy (78%), and anemia, nausea and malaise (67% each). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were associated with myelosuppression. Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin/paclitaxel were similar at both veliparib doses. Response, assessed in five patients, was partial in four and complete in one (objective response rate 100%). The response could not be assessed in four patients who had no measurable disease at baseline. The recommended phase 2 dose of veliparib, when combined with carboplatin/paclitaxel, is 150 mg b.i.d. Findings from this phase 1 trial demonstrate the tolerability and safety of veliparib with carboplatin/paclitaxel, a regimen with potential clinical benefit in Japanese women with ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nishio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Munetaka Takekuma
- Division of Gynecology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kouichirou Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Tasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Takahashi
- Division of Gynecology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Abe
- Division of Gynecology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aki Tanaka
- Division of Gynecology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nagasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Shoji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hao Xiong
- AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasuyuki Hirashima
- Division of Gynecology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kimio Ushijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nishikawa T, Matsumoto K, Tamura K, Yoshida H, Imai Y, Miyasaka A, Onoe T, Yamaguchi S, Shimizu C, Yonemori K, Shimoi T, Yunokawa M, Xiong H, Nuthalapati S, Hashiba H, Kiriyama T, Leahy T, Komarnitsky P, Fujiwara K. Phase 1 dose-escalation study of single-agent veliparib in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1834-1842. [PMID: 28665051 PMCID: PMC5581522 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Veliparib (ABT‐888) is a potent, orally bioavailable poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 and ‐2 inhibitor. This phase 1 study evaluated the tolerability, pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and preliminary antitumor activity of single‐agent veliparib in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Eligible patients were assigned to treatment with veliparib at 200 or 400 mg dose; veliparib was self‐administered orally twice daily on days 1–28 of 28‐day cycles. Dose escalation, following a 3 + 3 design, defined dose‐limiting toxicities, the maximum tolerated dose, and the recommended phase 2 dose. Sixteen patients were enrolled (median age, 59 years). Fourteen patients had high‐grade serous ovarian cancer, one had primary peritoneal cancer, and one had BRCA‐mutated breast cancer. The most frequent treatment‐emergent adverse events were nausea and vomiting (93.8% each), decreased appetite (62.5%), abdominal pain, diarrhea, and malaise (31.3% each). A grade ≥3 toxicity was observed in 50% of patients; one patient each in the 200 mg (n = 4) and 400 mg (n = 12) cohorts experienced serious adverse events. Dose‐limiting toxicities were observed for one patient at the 400 mg dose. No toxicities leading to death were reported. The recommended phase 2 dose was defined as 400 mg twice daily. The veliparib pharmacokinetic profile was consistent with that reported for the Western population. Two patients, both with ovarian cancer, had a RECIST partial response. Veliparib monotherapy showed manageable tolerability and safety profiles and a predictable pharmacokinetic profile at a 400 mg twice‐daily dose, and supports the inclusion of Japanese patients in the multinational phase 3 study (NCT02470585).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Nishikawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Imai
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aki Miyasaka
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuma Onoe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chikako Shimizu
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Shimoi
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Yunokawa
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hao Xiong
- AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matsumoto K, Tamura K, Yoshida H, Nishikawa T, Imai Y, Miyasaka A, Onoe T, Yamaguchi S, Shimizu C, Yonemori K, Shimoi T, Yunokawa M, Xiong H, Hashiba H, Kiriyama T, Leahy T, Shepherd S, Fujiwara K. A phase 1 study of single agent veliparib in Japanese subjects with advanced solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw374.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
8
|
Bernecic N, Gadella B, de Graaf S, Leahy T. Isolation of high density lipoproteins in ovine follicular and oviductal fluid. Anim Reprod Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Leahy T, Rickard JP, Aitken RJ, de Graaf SP. D-penicillamine prevents ram sperm agglutination by reducing the disulphide bonds of a copper-binding sperm protein. Reproduction 2016; 151:491-500. [PMID: 26860122 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Head-to-head agglutination of ram spermatozoa is induced by dilution in the Tyrode's capacitation medium with albumin, lactate and pyruvate (TALP) and ameliorated by the addition of the thiol d-penicillamine (PEN). To better understand the association and disassociation of ram spermatozoa, we investigated the mechanism of action of PEN in perturbing sperm agglutination. PEN acts as a chelator of heavy metals, an antioxidant and a reducing agent. Chelation is not the main mechanism of action, as the broad-spectrum chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and the copper-specific chelator bathocuproinedisulfonic acid were inferior anti-agglutination agents compared with PEN. Oxidative stress is also an unlikely mechanism of sperm association, as PEN was significantly more effective in ameliorating agglutination than the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and catalase. Only the reducing agents cysteine and DL-dithiothreitol displayed similar levels of non-agglutinated spermatozoa at 0 h compared with PEN but were less effective after 3 h of incubation (37 °C). The addition of 10 µM Cu(2+) to 250 µM PEN + TALP caused a rapid reversion of the motile sperm population from a non-agglutinated state to an agglutinated state. Other heavy metals (cobalt, iron, manganese and zinc) did not provoke such a strong response. Together, these results indicate that PEN prevents sperm association by the reduction of disulphide bonds on a sperm membrane protein that binds copper. ADAM proteins are possible candidates, as targeted inhibition of the metalloproteinase domain significantly increased the percentage of motile, non-agglutinated spermatozoa (52.0% ± 7.8) compared with TALP alone (10.6% ± 6.1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Leahy
- Faculty of Veterinary ScienceThe University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J P Rickard
- Faculty of Veterinary ScienceThe University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R J Aitken
- Discipline of Biological SciencesFaculty of Science and IT and Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S P de Graaf
- Faculty of Veterinary ScienceThe University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leahy T, Rickard JP, Aitken RJ, de Graaf SP. Penicillamine prevents ram sperm agglutination in media that support capacitation. Reproduction 2016; 151:167-77. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ram spermatozoa are difficult to capacitate in vitro. Here we describe a further complication, the unreported phenomenon of head-to-head agglutination of ram spermatozoa following dilution in the capacitation medium Tyrodes plus albumin, lactate and pyruvate (TALP). Sperm agglutination is immediate, specific and persistent and is not associated with a loss of motility. Agglutination impedes in vitro sperm handling and analysis. So the objectives of this study were to investigate the cause of sperm agglutination and potential agents which may reduce agglutination. The percentage of non-agglutinated, motile spermatozoa increased when bicarbonate was omitted from complete TALP suggesting that bicarbonate ions stimulate the agglutination process. d-penicillamine (PEN), a nucleophilic thiol, was highly effective at reducing agglutination. The inclusion of 250 μM PEN in TALP reduced the incidence of motile, agglutinated spermatozoa from 76.7±2.7% to 2.8±1.4%. It was then assessed if PEN (1 mM) could be included in existing ram sperm capacitation protocols (TALP +1 mM dibutyryl cAMP, caffeine and theophylline) to produce spermatozoa that were simultaneously capacitated and non-agglutinated. This protocol resulted in a sperm population which displayed high levels of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and lipid disordered membranes (merocyanine-540) while remaining motile, viable, acrosome-intact and non-agglutinated. In summary, PEN (1 mM) can be included in ram sperm capacitation protocols to reduce sperm agglutination and allow for the in vitro assessment of ram sperm capacitation.
Collapse
|
11
|
McKee MD, Pedersen M, DeLuca A, Qin Q, Qian J, Irving J, Ansell P, Leahy T, Caskey C, Giranda VL. A phase 3 randomized trial of veliparib (ABT-888) plus carboplatin and paclitaxel versus investigator’s choice of standard chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with metastatic/advanced non-squamous (NSq) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.tps8106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
12
|
Mehta MP, Wang D, Wang F, Kleinberg L, Brade A, Robins HI, Turaka A, Leahy T, Medina D, Xiong H, Mostafa NM, Dunbar M, Zhu M, Qian J, Holen K, Giranda V, Curran WJ. Veliparib in combination with whole brain radiation therapy in patients with brain metastases: results of a phase 1 study. J Neurooncol 2015; 122:409-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
Seminal plasma can both inhibit and stimulate sperm function, making its use as a supportive medium somewhat contradictory. These effects are directed by the multifunctional action of numerous inorganic and organic components, but it is the direct association of seminal plasma proteins with the sperm membrane that is thought to exert the most significant response. In vitro handling of spermatozoa in preparation for artificial insemination may involve washing, dilution, cooling, freezing, re-warming and sex-sorting. These processes can alter proteins of the sperm surface and reduce seminal plasma in the sperm environment. This, among other factors, may destabilize the sperm membrane and reduce the fertilizable lifespan of spermatozoa. Such handling-induced damage may be prevented or reversed through supplementation of seminal plasma, but the effectiveness of this technique differs with species, and the source and subsequent treatment of both spermatozoa and seminal plasma. Seminal plasma appears to act as a protective medium during in vitro processing of ram spermatozoa, but this does not appear to be the case for bull spermatozoa. The reasons for this divergent effect will be discussed with particular emphasis on the influence of the major proteins of ruminant seminal plasma, known as BSP proteins. The biochemical and biophysical properties of these proteins are well documented, and this information has provided greater insight into the signalling pathways of capacitation and the protective action of extender components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Leahy
- Faculty of Science, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khalil H, Peterson PF, Bari R, Fiorini GL, Leahy T, Versluis R. Challenges to Integration of Safety and Reliability with Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection for Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems. NUCL TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.13182/nt12-a14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Khalil
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | | | - R. Bari
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
| | | | - T. Leahy
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mehta MP, Curran WJ, Wang D, Wang F, Kleinberg L, Brade AM, Mostafa N, Zhou X, Qian J, Leahy T, Desai B, Giranda VL. Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of veliparib in combination with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in patients (pts) with brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2013 Background: Veliparib is an oral PARP-1 and -2 inhibitor that enhances the antitumor activity of DNA damaging agents including radiation therapy in vivo. In pre-clinical models, veliparib crosses the blood-brain barrier. This ongoing phase I dose-escalation study evaluates the safety, PK, and provides preliminary antitumor activity of veliparib in combination with WBRT in pts with brain metastases. Methods: Pts with brain metastases from non-CNS primary solid malignancy, adequate organ function, RPA Class 2, and KPS ≥70 were treated with WBRT (37.5 Gy in 15 fractions or 30 Gy in 10 fractions) QD with veliparib BID with every fraction of WBRT in escalating doses of 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg; the final WBRT fraction was followed by 1 extra day of veliparib. Safety, PK, and tumor response by RECIST were assessed. Results: At the time of reporting 59 pts (M/F, 21/38; median age 57 y) had been treated. Baseline KPS was 70, 80, 90, and 100 in 6.8, 32.2, 40.7, and 20.3% pts, respectively; primary tumor types were breast (n=20), NSCLC (n=20), melanoma (n=9), colorectal (n=2), and others (n=8); 71.2% pts had multiple lesions; and 18.6% had prior brain SRS. Grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; ≥5%) were fatigue (6.8%), anemia (5.1%), hyponatraemia (5.1%), and thrombocytopenia (5.1%); other TEAEs (≥20%) were fatigue (57.6%), headache (42.4%), nausea (40.7%), alopecia (28.8%), vomiting (22%), radiation skin reactions (22%), and decreased appetite (22%). PK of veliparib were approximately dose-proportional, with oral clearance of 21.6 ± 14.2 L/h (mean ± SD, n=45), minimal drug accumulation at day 15, and no significant effect of food on bioavailability. Tumor response was evaluable in 48 pts. Best tumor response and median survival were 37.5% and 10 months (m) for NSCLC, and 52.9% and 12.5 m for breast cancer (excluding pts with leptomeningeal disease). Conclusions: Addition of veliparib up to 200 mg BID was well tolerated with concurrent WBRT and dose escalation ongoing. The PK of veliparib was dose proportional with no food effect. Preliminary antitumor activity is encouraging and informative for the design of more definitive trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter J. Curran
- Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ding Wang
- Josephine Ford Cancer Center/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Fen Wang
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | | | - Anthony M. Brade
- Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Leahy T, Marti JI, Crossett B, Evan G, Maxwell WMC. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins from flow cytometrically sorted ram sperm. Theriogenology 2010; 75:962-71. [PMID: 21196033 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins orchestrate key events required for participation of sperm in fertilisation. These proteins may be removed or altered due to the mechanical and dilution stressors associated with sex-sorting of sperm. Ram sperm were incubated with Hoechst 33342 and flow-sorted. Sex-selected (viable, orientated) and waste (separated into non-viable or non-orientated) sperm populations were collected, or sperm were not sorted. Sperm membrane proteins were extracted and characterised by one- and two-dimensional PAGE. Densiometric analysis of protein bands separated by one-dimensional PAGE showed proteins of 30 and 28 kDa as doublet bands on non-sorted sperm, and single bands on sex-sorted sperm, and the proportion of a 14 kDa protein was 3-fold higher in non-sorted compared to sorted sperm. Proteins in the 14 kDa band were identified by mass spectroscopy as a bovine Fibronectin type-2 protein (Fn-2), cytochrome oxidase 5a (Cox5a) and a sperm membrane associated protein (SLLP1). The abundance of these proteins in the two-dimensional gels was lowest in the sorted sperm population identified as viable during sorting (orientated and non-orientated sperm) and highest in the non-viable sperm population (P < 0.001). We concluded that the membrane protein profile was different for sex-sorted compared with non-sorted sperm, due to the selection of plasma membrane-intact cells in the flow-sorted population. This provided further evidence that sex-sorting selected a homogenous population of sperm with superior function to non-sorted sperm. Furthermore, this was apparently the first time sperm membrane acrosome associated protein was reported in ram sperm, and it was demonstrated that seminal plasma proteins remained on the sperm membrane after sex-sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Leahy
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Leahy T, Marti J, Mendoza N, Pérez-Pé R, Muiño-Blanco T, Cebrián-Pérez J, Evans G, Maxwell W. High pre-freezing dilution improves post-thaw function of ram spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 119:137-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
19
|
Leahy T, Celi P, Bathgate R, Evans G, Maxwell WMC, Marti JI. Flow-sorted ram spermatozoa are highly susceptible to hydrogen peroxide damage but are protected by seminal plasma and catalase. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:1131-40. [DOI: 10.1071/rd09286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether flow sorting increased the susceptibility of spermatozoa to reactive oxygen species (ROS), ram semen was either diluted with Tris medium (100 × 106 spermatozoa mL–1; D) or highly diluted (106 spermatozoa mL–1) before being centrifuged (DC) at 750g for 7.5 min at 21°C or flow-sorted (S) before cryopreservation. Thawed spermatozoa were resuspended in graded concentrations of hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress. In Experiment 1, following exposure to 30 or 45 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the total motility (%) of DC (41.0 ± 7.3 or 25.7 ± 6.7, respectively) and S spermatozoa (33.8 ± 6.3 or 20.1 ± 6.3, respectively) was lower (P < 0.001) than that of D spermatozoa (58.7 ± 5.6 or 44.5 ± 6.7, respectively). In Experiment 2, supplementation of samples containing H2O2 with catalase (150 IU mL–1) or seminal plasma proteins (4 mg protein per 108 spermatozoa) negated oxidative stress, resulting in comparable values to samples receiving no H2O2in terms of the proportion of spermatozoa with stable plasmalemma (as determined using merocyanine-540 and Yo-Pro-1) in the D and S groups, the proportion of viable, acrosome-intact spermatozoa (as determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining) in the D group and the motility of control (undiluted) and S spermatozoa. Neither H2O2 nor sperm type (i.e. D, DC or S) had any effect on intracellular concentrations of ROS. These results show that flow sorting increases the susceptibility of spermatozoa to ROS, but the inclusion of anti-oxidants or seminal plasma as part of the sorting protocol improves resistance to oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
20
|
Leahy T, Evans G, Maxwell WMC, Marti JI. Seminal plasma proteins do not consistently improve fertility after cervical insemination of ewes with non-sorted or sex-sorted frozen - thawed ram spermatozoa. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:606-12. [DOI: 10.1071/rd09207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of supplementation of sex-sorted and non-sorted spermatozoa with seminal plasma protein (SPP) on fertility after cervical insemination was examined in the present study. Spermatozoa were sorted into high purity X and Y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa or not sorted and then either supplemented with SPP (>10 kDa) before freezing and/or after thawing (non-sorted only) or processed without supplementation. Inseminations were performed over 2 days with ewes receiving 100 or 25 million motile non-sorted spermatozoa in the cervix or uterus, respectively, or two cervical inseminations of 3.5 million motile sorted spermatozoa. Pregnancy rates in cervically inseminated ewes were unaffected by supplementation of sorted or non-sorted spermatozoa with SPP before freezing compared with no supplementation. The effect of post-thaw supplementation of non-sorted spermatozoa with SPP on pregnancy rates after cervical insemination varied with the day of insemination (P < 0.05); fertility was similar to laparoscopic insemination on Day 1 (56.0 ± 10.2% v. 58.6 ± 10.1%), but not on Day 2 (23.1 ± 7.4% v. 66.7 ± 9.2%). In conclusion, under the conditions of the present study, SPP did not consistently improve pregnancy rates after cervical insemination with frozen–thawed ram spermatozoa. This is the first report of pregnancies (5/56 ewes inseminated) after cervical insemination with frozen–thawed sex-sorted ram spermatozoa. Although the success rate is low, the findings are encouraging because ewes inseminated with the sex-sorted spermatozoa received only 7% of the recommended dose (100 million motile) for cervical insemination of frozen–thawed spermatozoa.
Collapse
|
21
|
Leahy T, Marti JI, Evans G, Maxwell WMC. Seasonal variation in the protective effect of seminal plasma on frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 119:147-53. [PMID: 20089374 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The response of ram spermatozoa to seminal plasma is highly variable, in part due to the presence of both stimulatory and inhibitory factors. The aim of this study was to assess variation in the protection of ram spermatozoa during freezing by seminal plasma. The seminal plasma variables studied were season of collection, fractionation and method of supplementation. Spermatozoa were supplemented before freezing with 4 mg of seminal plasma proteins (SPPs) per 10(8) cells, and their motility and viability were assessed during post-thaw incubation (37 degrees C). In Experiment 1, semen was (a) frozen with no supplementation (Control) (b) extended with a Tris-based diluent (C + TRIS), or (c) supplemented with seminal plasma collected throughout the year (in the Southern Hemisphere) and pooled for January-March, April-June, July-August and October-December, and either fractionated to produce a concentrated >10 kDa seminal plasma protein retentate (>10 kDa SPP), or kept as crude seminal plasma (CP). There was no effect of season or seminal plasma type (CP or >10 kDa SPP) on motility of spermatozoa. CP and >10 kDa SPP improved the viability of spermatozoa when collected from January-September compared to Control. Supplementation with >10 kDa SPP increased viability of spermatozoa, compared to CP, when collected from January to July. In Experiment 2, >10 kDa SPP were either added directly to the spermatozoa or included in the cryodiluent or >10 kDa SPP were not supplemented (Control). Both supplementation methods improved the motility and the proportion of viable, acrosome-intact spermatozoa but direct supplementation resulted in more viable, acrosome-intact spermatozoa compared with supplementation of the cryodiluent. These results show that supplementation of ram spermatozoa with CP, or its protein component (>10 kDa SPP), before freezing protects them from freeze-thaw damage. The protective effect is greatest when seminal plasma is collected during the breeding season, fractionated with >10 kDa filters and added directly to the spermatozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Leahy
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Behr B, Rath D, Mueller P, Hildebrandt T, Goeritz F, Braun B, Leahy T, de Graaf S, Maxwell W, Hermes R. Feasibility of sex-sorting sperm from the white and the black rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum, Diceros bicornis). Theriogenology 2009; 72:353-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Leahy T, Marti JI, Evans G, Maxwell WMC. Seminal plasma proteins protect flow-sorted ram spermatozoa from freeze - thaw damage. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009; 21:571-8. [DOI: 10.1071/rd08238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma improves the functional integrity of compromised ram spermatozoa but has been reported to be toxic to sorted spermatozoa. The present study attempted to clarify this paradoxical effect and improve the functional integrity of spermatozoa following sorting and cryopreservation. The in vitro function of sorted spermatozoa (motility characteristics and membrane integrity) was examined after supplementation with differing concentrations and protein fractions of seminal plasma at various stages of the sorting and freezing process. For all experiments, spermatozoa (two males, n = four ejaculates per male) were processed through a high-speed flow cytometer before cryopreservation, thawing and incubation for 6 h (37°C). Supplementation of crude seminal plasma (CP), its low molecular weight fraction (LP; <10 kDa) or protein-rich fraction (SPP; >10 kDa), immediately before freezing improved the functional integrity of sorted spermatozoa compared with no supplementation (control), whereas supplementation after thawing had no effect for CP and LP. The protective effect of seminal plasma was not altered by increasing the amount of protein supplementation. No toxic effect of CP, SPP or LP was evident even when supplemented at high protein concentrations. It is concluded that seminal plasma protein, if added to ram spermatozoa after sorting and before freezing, can improve post-thaw sperm quality and consequently the efficiency of sorting. This effect is most likely related to protection of the spermatozoa during freeze–thawing.
Collapse
|
24
|
Thompson S, Smith J, Di Giacomo M, Taylor K, Dimer L, Eades F, Ali M, Wood M, Leahy T, Davidson P. Lessons from a West Australian statewide assessment of the implementation of the NHMRC recommendations for strengthening cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
El-Hajj Ghaoui R, Thomson PC, Leahy T, Evans G, Maxwell WMC. Autologous Whole Ram Seminal Plasma and its Vesicle-free Fraction Improve Motility Characteristics and Membrane Status but not In Vivo Fertility of Frozen?Thawed Ram Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2007; 42:541-9. [PMID: 17845611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Motility characteristics (assessed subjectively and with computer-assisted semen analysis) and membrane status (after staining with chlortetracycline) of washed and non-washed frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa were evaluated after incubation in buffer and buffer containing autologous whole seminal plasma or one of its two fractions: the pellet of membrane vesicles obtained by ultracentrifugation (and used at three times normal protein concentration) or the vesicle-free supernatant fraction. Whole seminal plasma and supernatant, but not membrane vesicles, improved the motility characteristics of spermatozoa after 3 and 6 h of post-thaw incubation compared with the control buffer. Resuspension and incubation with whole seminal plasma, supernatant or membrane vesicles lowered the proportion of acrosome-reacted frozen-thawed spermatozoa compared with the control buffer. Unwashed frozen-thawed semen from three rams, incubated with autologous whole seminal plasma or its fractions and inseminated using cervical or intrauterine artificial insemination, had no effect on pregnancy rates of ewes in synchronized oestrus. However, fertility was higher after laparoscopic than cervical insemination (44.9 vs 12.3%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, resuspension and incubation of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa in autologous whole seminal plasma or its vesicle-free supernatant fraction improved their motility characteristics and, with membrane vesicles, membrane status, but these benefits were not reflected in improved fertility after cervical or intrauterine insemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R El-Hajj Ghaoui
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (ReproGen), Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Leahy T, Harrigan R, Freeman G. Evaluation of a body image enhancement programme with elite female athletes. J Sci Med Sport 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(99)80040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Leahy T, Harrigan R, Freeman G. Evaluation of a body image enhancement programme with elite female athletes. J Sci Med Sport 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(99)80015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Chan KM, Wong JP, Chien P, Chin MK, So RS, Yeung J, Yuan Y, Hong YL, Sham M, Leahy T. Hong Kong Sports Institute: sports medicine and science from theory to practice. Br J Sports Med 1993; 27:79-84. [PMID: 8358588 PMCID: PMC1332123 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.27.2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Chan
- Hong Kong Centre of Sports Medicine and Sports Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|