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Ceci L, Francis H, Zhou T, Giang T, Yang Z, Meng F, Wu N, Kennedy L, Kyritsi K, Meadows V, Wu C, Liangpunsakul S, Franchitto A, Sybenga A, Ekser B, Mancinelli R, Onori P, Gaudio E, Glaser S, Alpini G. Knockout of the Tachykinin Receptor 1 in the Mdr2 -/- (Abcb4 -/-) Mouse Model of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Reduces Biliary Damage and Liver Fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2020; 190:2251-2266. [PMID: 32712019 PMCID: PMC7592721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the substance P (SP)/neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) axis triggers biliary damage/senescence and liver fibrosis in bile duct ligated and Mdr2-/- (alias Abcb4-/-) mice through enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) biliary secretion. Recent evidence indicates a role for miR-31 (MIR31) in TGF-β1-induced liver fibrosis. We aimed to define the role of the SP/NK1R/TGF-β1/miR-31 axis in regulating biliary proliferation and liver fibrosis during cholestasis. Thus, we generated a novel model with double knockout of Mdr2-/- and NK1R-/ (alias Tacr1-/-) to further address the role of the SP/NK1R axis during chronic cholestasis. In vivo studies were performed in the following 12-week-old male mice: (i) NK1R-/-; (ii) Mdr2-/-; and (iii) NK1R-/-/Mdr2-/- (Tacr1-/-/Abcb4-/-) and their corresponding wild-type controls. Liver tissues and cholangiocytes were collected, and liver damage, changes in biliary mass/senescence, and inflammation as well as liver fibrosis were evaluated by both immunohistochemistry in liver sections and real-time PCR. miR-31 expression was measured by real-time PCR in isolated cholangiocytes. Decreased ductular reaction, liver fibrosis, biliary senescence, and biliary inflammation were observed in NK1R-/-/Mdr2-/- mice compared with Mdr2-/- mice. Elevated expression of miR-31 was observed in Mdr2-/- mice, which was reduced in NK1R-/-/Mdr2-/- mice. Targeting the SP/NK1R and/or miR-31 may be a potential approach in treating human cholangiopathies, including primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas
| | - Thao Giang
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Vik Meadows
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Amelia Sybenga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Abstract
The incidence of esophageal diseases such as esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have been increasing over the last 40 years. The esophageal microbiome appears to have a role in the development of some disease processes, and could also serve as markers of early diseases of the esophagus. A literature review was performed examining the role of the microbiome in the development of esophageal disease. In addition, the results of several studies and experiments were included in the review. Both EAC and GERD have increased in incidence over the last 40 years. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a risk factor for EAC. Patients with BE appear to have a microbiome expression pattern distinct from patients without BE. The distinct pattern may be related to factors within the distal esophagus such as a more acidic environment, intraluminal stasis and other elements. It remains unclear whether the change in microflora leads to esophageal disease, or whether the disease process within the esophagus allows these particular organisms to experience overgrowth compared to other microflora. Patient factors such as body mass index (BMI), diet and geographic location also appear to affect the esophageal microbiome. There is an association with the esophageal microbiome and several esophageal diseases. Future studies should examine these correlations more closely. The distinct patterns may be able to serve as a marker of early disease, and possibly lead to a mechanism for the development of esophageal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna Okereke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Hamilton
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alison Wenholz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Vikram Jala
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Thao Giang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sandy Reynolds
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Richard Pyles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Sato K, Meng F, Venter J, Giang T, Glaser S, Alpini G. Author Correction: The role of the secretin/secretin receptor axis in inflammatory cholangiocyte communication via extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11238. [PMID: 30026581 PMCID: PMC6053435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Academic Research Integration, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Julie Venter
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Thao Giang
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
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Sato K, Meng F, Giang T, Glaser S, Alpini G. Mechanisms of cholangiocyte responses to injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1262-1269. [PMID: 28648950 PMCID: PMC5742086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocytes, epithelial cells that line the biliary epithelium, are the primary target cells for cholangiopathies including primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis. Quiescent cholangiocytes respond to biliary damage and acquire an activated neuroendocrine phenotype to maintain the homeostasis of the liver. The typical response of cholangiocytes is proliferation leading to bile duct hyperplasia, which is a characteristic of cholestatic liver diseases. Current studies have identified various signaling pathways that are associated with cholangiocyte proliferation/loss and liver fibrosis in cholangiopathies using human samples and rodent models. Although recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles and microRNAs could be mediators that regulate these messenger/receptor axes, further studies are required to confirm their roles. This review summarizes current studies of biliary response and cholangiocyte proliferation during cholestatic liver injury with particular emphasis on the secretin/secretin receptor axis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Diseaseedited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Academic Research Integration, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Thao Giang
- Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States.
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McMillin M, DeMorrow S, Glaser S, Venter J, Kyritsi K, Zhou T, Grant S, Giang T, Greene JF, Wu N, Jefferson B, Meng F, Alpini G. Melatonin inhibits hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone release and reduces biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis in cholestatic rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G410-G418. [PMID: 28751425 PMCID: PMC5792219 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00421.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland with increased circulating levels shown to inhibit biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis during cholestatic liver injury. Melatonin also has the capability to suppress the release of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a hormone that promotes cholangiocyte proliferation when serum levels are elevated. However, the interplay and contribution of neural melatonin and GnRH to cholangiocyte proliferation and fibrosis in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats have not been investigated. To test this, cranial levels of melatonin were increased by implanting osmotic minipumps that performed an intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of melatonin or saline for 7 days starting at the time of BDL. Hypothalamic GnRH mRNA and cholangiocyte secretion of GnRH and melatonin were assessed. Cholangiocyte proliferation and fibrosis were measured. Primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were treated with cholangiocyte supernatants, GnRH, or the GnRH receptor antagonist cetrorelix acetate, and cell proliferation and fibrosis gene expression were assessed. Melatonin infusion reduced hypothalamic GnRH mRNA expression and led to decreased GnRH and increased melatonin secretion from cholangiocytes. Infusion of melatonin was found to reduce hepatic injury, cholangiocyte proliferation, and fibrosis during BDL-induced liver injury. HSCs supplemented with BDL cholangiocyte supernatant had increased proliferation, and this increase was reversed when HSCs were supplemented with supernatants from melatonin-infused rats. GnRH stimulated fibrosis gene expression in HSCs, and this was reversed by cetrorelix acetate cotreatment. Increasing bioavailability of melatonin in the brain may improve outcomes during cholestatic liver disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have previously demonstrated that GnRH is expressed in cholangiocytes and promotes their proliferation during cholestasis. In addition, dark therapy, which increases melatonin, reduced cholangiocyte proliferation and fibrosis during cholestasis. This study expands these findings by investigating neural GnRH regulation by melatonin during BDL-induced cholestasis by infusing melatonin into the brain. Melatonin infusion reduced cholangiocyte proliferation and fibrosis, and these effects are due to GNRH receptor 1-dependent paracrine signaling between cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McMillin
- 1Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; ,2Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; ,3Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas;
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- 1Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; ,2Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; ,3Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas;
| | - Shannon Glaser
- 1Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; ,2Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; ,3Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas;
| | - Julie Venter
- 2Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; ,3Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas;
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- 2Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; ,3Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas;
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- 1Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; ,3Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas;
| | - Stephanie Grant
- 2Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; ,3Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas;
| | - Thao Giang
- 1Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; ,2Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; ,3Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas;
| | - John F. Greene
- 4Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; and
| | - Nan Wu
- 2Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; ,3Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas;
| | - Brandi Jefferson
- 2Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; ,3Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas;
| | - Fanyin Meng
- 1Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; ,2Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; ,3Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; ,5Research Foundation, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; .,Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
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Sato K, Meng F, Venter J, Giang T, Glaser S, Alpini G. The role of the secretin/secretin receptor axis in inflammatory cholangiocyte communication via extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11183. [PMID: 28894209 PMCID: PMC5593902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small and large intrahepatic bile ducts consist of small and large cholangiocytes, respectively, and these cholangiocytes have different morphology and functions. The gastrointestinal peptide hormone, secretin (SCT) that binds to secretin receptor (SR), is a key mediator in cholangiocyte pathophysiology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles and cell-cell EV communication is recognized as an important factor in liver pathology, although EV communication between cholangiocytes is not identified to date. Cholangiocytes secrete proinflammatory cytokines during bacterial infection leading to biliary inflammation and hyperplasia. We demonstrate that cholangiocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a membrane component of gram-negative bacteria, secrete more EVs than cholangiocytes incubated with vehicle. These LPS-derived EVs induce inflammatory responses in other cholangiocytes including elevated cytokine production and cell proliferation. Large but not small cholangiocytes show inflammatory responses against large but not small cholangiocyte-derived EVs. Large cholangiocytes with knocked down either SCT or SR by short hairpin RNAs show reduced EV secretion during LPS stimulation, and EVs isolated from SCT or SR knocked down cholangiocytes fail to induce inflammatory reactions in control large cholangiocytes. This study identifies cholangiocyte EV communication during LPS stimulation, and demonstrates that the SCT/SR axis may be important for this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Academic Research Integration, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Julie Venter
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Thao Giang
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
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