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Tuleja A, Bernhard S, Hamvas G, Andreoti TA, Rössler J, Boon L, Vikkula M, Kammer R, Haupt F, Döring Y, Baumgartner I. Clinical phenotype of adolescent and adult patients with extracranial vascular malformation. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2023; 11:1034-1044.e3. [PMID: 37030445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, genotypic characterization of congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) has gained attention; however, the spectrum of clinical phenotype remains difficult to attribute to a genetic cause and is rarely described in the adult population. The aim of this study is to describe a consecutive series of adolescent and adult patients in a tertiary center, where a multimodal phenotypic approach was used for diagnosis. METHODS We analyzed clinical findings, imaging, and laboratory results at initial presentation, and set a diagnosis according to the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification for all consecutively registered patients older than 14 years of age who were referred to the Center for Vascular Malformations at the University Hospital of Bern between 2008 and 2021. RESULTS A total of 457 patients were included for analysis (mean age, 35 years; females, 56%). Simple CVMs were the most common (n = 361; 79%), followed by CVMs associated with other anomalies (n = 70; 15%), and combined CVMs (n = 26; 6%). Venous malformations (n = 238) were the most common CVMs overall (52%), and the most common simple CVMs (66%). Pain was the most frequently reported symptom in all patients (simple, combined, and vascular malformation with other anomalies). Pain intensity was more pronounced in simple venous and arteriovenous malformations. Clinical problems were related to the type of CVM diagnosed, with bleeding and skin ulceration in arteriovenous malformations, localized intravascular coagulopathy in venous malformations, and infectious complications in lymphatic malformations. Limb length difference occurred more often in patients with CVMs associated with other anomalies as compared with simple or combined CVM (22.9 vs 2.3%; P < .001). Soft tissue overgrowth was seen in one-quarter of all patients independent of the ISSVA group. CONCLUSIONS In our adult and adolescent population with peripheral vascular malformations, simple venous malformations predominated, with pain as the most common clinical symptom. In one-quarter of cases, patients with vascular malformations presented with associated anomalies on tissue growth. The differentiation of clinical presentation with or without accompanying growth abnormalities need to be added to the ISSVA classification. Phenotypic characterization considering vascular and non-vascular features remains the cornerstone of diagnosis in adult as well as pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Tuleja
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University, Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sarah Bernhard
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University, Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Györgyi Hamvas
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University, Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Themis-Areti Andreoti
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital - University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Rössler
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital - University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Boon
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Centre, Saint Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Centre, Saint Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium; Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rafael Kammer
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University, Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Haupt
- Department of Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University, Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University, Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Baumgartner
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University, Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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