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Olanipekun G, Duru I, Idiong D, Medugu N, Ajose T, Obaro S. A retrospective survey of bacteraemia and advocacy for routine Salmonella immunization in children with sickle cell disease in north central Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Obaro SK, Hassan-Hanga F, Olateju EK, Umoru D, Lawson L, Olanipekun G, Ibrahim S, Munir H, Ihesiolor G, Maduekwe A, Ohiaeri C, Adetola A, Shetima D, Jibir BW, Nakaura H, Kocmich N, Ajose T, Idiong D, Masokano K, Ifabiyi A, Ihebuzor N, Chen B, Meza J, Akindele A, Rezac-Elgohary A, Olaosebikan R, Suwaid S, Gambo M, Alter R, Davies HD, Fey PD. Salmonella Bacteremia Among Children in Central and Northwest Nigeria, 2008-2015. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 61 Suppl 4:S325-31. [PMID: 26449948 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Etiologic agents of childhood bacteremia remain poorly defined in Nigeria. The absence of such data promotes indiscriminate use of antibiotics and delays implementation of appropriate preventive strategies. METHODS We established diagnostic laboratories for bacteremia surveillance at regional sites in central and northwest Nigeria. Acutely ill children aged <5 years with clinically suspected bacteremia were evaluated at rural and urban clinical facilities in the Federal Capital Territory, central region and in Kano, northwest Nigeria. Blood was cultured using the automated Bactec incubator system. RESULTS Between September 2008 and April 2015, we screened 10,133 children. Clinically significant bacteremia was detected in 609 of 4051 (15%) in the northwest and 457 of 6082 (7.5%) in the central region. Across both regions, Salmonella species account for 24%-59.8% of bacteremias and are the commonest cause of childhood bacteremia, with a predominance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The prevalence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole was 38.11%, with regional differences in susceptibility to different antibiotics but high prevalence of resistance to readily available oral antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Salmonella Typhi is the leading cause of childhood bacteremia in central Nigeria. Expanded surveillance is planned to define the dynamics of transmission. The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains calls for improvement in environmental sanitation in the long term and vaccination in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K Obaro
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada
| | | | - Eyinade K Olateju
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada
| | | | | | - Grace Olanipekun
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja
| | - Sadeeq Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics Department of Medical Microbiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
| | - Huda Munir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
| | | | - Augustine Maduekwe
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuse General Hospital, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory
| | - Chinatu Ohiaeri
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal Medical Center, Keffi, Nassarawa State
| | | | - Denis Shetima
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital, Central Business Area, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory
| | - Binta W Jibir
- Department of Pediatrics, Murtala Specialist Hospital
| | | | | | - Therasa Ajose
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja
| | - David Idiong
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja Department of Microbiology, Bingham University, Karu, Nassarawa State
| | | | - Adeyemi Ifabiyi
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja
| | - Nnenna Ihebuzor
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Baojiang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health
| | - Adebayo Akindele
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Abuja
| | | | | | - Salman Suwaid
- Department of Pediatrics, Murtala Specialist Hospital
| | | | - Roxanne Alter
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Herbert D Davies
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Paul D Fey
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
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