Paenibacillus esterisolvens sp. nov., isolated from soil

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile with peritrichous flagella, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CFH S0170^T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Ha Long Bay, Hai Phong City, Vietnam. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CFH S0170^T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and showed closest relationship with Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270^T (98.1 % similarity). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the novel candidate formed a coherent branch with P. vulneris CCUG 53270^T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2^T. Furthermore, the novel strain shared 87.2 % rpoB gene sequence similarity with P. vulneris CCUG 53270^T. Growth of strain CFH S0170^T occurred at 10-40 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and with 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain CFH S0170^T contained mannose, glucose and rhamnose as the major whole-cell sugars. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, lysine and aspartic acid. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipids and phospholipids. The dominant cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0 and C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0170^T is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from other valid species of this genus. It is concluded that strain CFH S0170^T should be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus esterisolvens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CFH S0170^T (=KCTC 33624^T=BCRC 80802^T).

Agromyces insulae sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample

A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities  < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. Strain CFH S0483T was able to grow at 10-37 °C, at pH 7.0-9.0 and tolerated NaCl up to 2.0 % (w/v). The whole-cell sugars were mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose. The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis, and low DNA-DNA hybridization values, strain CFH S0483T could not be classified into any recognized species of the genus Agromyces. Strain CFH S0483T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces insulae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T).

Characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Streptomyces sp. HUST012 isolated from medicinal plant Dracaena cochinchinensis Lour

A highly potent secondary metabolite producing endophytic strain, Streptomyces sp. HUST012 was isolated from the stems of the medicinal plant Dracaena cochinchinensis Lour. Strain HUST012 showed antimicrobial and antitumor activities which were significantly much higher than those of dragon's blood extracted from D. cochinchinensis Lour. On further analysis, the strain was found to produce two metabolites, SPE-B11.8 (elucidated to be a novel metabolite (Z)-tridec-7-ene-1,2,13-tricarboxylic acid) and SPE-B5.4 (elucidated as Actinomycin-D). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values of SPE-B11.8 against a set of test bacterial organisms (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermis ATCC 35984, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883) ranged between 15.63 and 62.5 μg/ml while that for SPE-B5.4 ranged between 0.04 and 2.24 μg/ml. The compound SPE-B11.8 showed cytotoxic effect at 41.63 and 29.54 μg/ml IC 50-values against Hep G2 and MCF-7, respectively, while the compound SPE-B5.4 exhibited stronger activities against them at 0.23 and 0.18 μg/ml IC 50-values.

Marinactinospora endophytica sp. nov., isolated from a medicinal plant

A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 690053(T), was isolated from healthy stems of Salsola ferganica Drob, and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain formed well-branched substrate mycelia with no fragmentation, and abundant aerial mycelia that differentiated into long spores. The strain was found to grow at 10-55 °C, pH 6.0-10.0 and in the presence of 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 70.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 690053(T) belongs to the genus Marinactinospora, and it shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Marinactinospora thermotolerans SCSIO 00652(T) (98.96 %). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values between the two strains was 37.85 ± 2.77 %. Based on the differences in the molecular and biochemical characteristics from its closest relative, strain YIM 690053(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Marinactinospora, for which the name Marinactinospora endophytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 690053(T)(=KCTC 29664(T) = DSM 46799(T)).

Vitellibacter nionensis sp. nov., isolated from a shallow water hydrothermal vent

A novel, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped yellow bacterium, designated VBW088(T) was isolated from a shallow water hydrothermal vent in Espalamaca in the Azores. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain VBW088(T) clustered with three type strains of species of the genus Vitellibacter and exhibited a sequence similarity of 97.3 % with Vitellibacter soesokkakensis RSSK-12(T). However, strain VBW088(T) and V. soesokkakensis RSSK-12(T) exhibited low DNA-DNA relatedness (12.7±3.5 %). Strain VBW088(T) was positive for catalase and oxidase. Growth occurred at 10-37 °C, with the optimum at 30 °C, and at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 6.0) and in up to 5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimum growth at 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (33.5 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (32.0 %). The polar lipids detected in strain VBW088(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content of strain VBW088(T) was 36.7 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic inference, DNA-DNA relatedness, chemotaxonomic analysis and physiological data, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Vitellibacter, for which the name Vitellibacter nionensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain as VBW088(T) ( = KCTC 32420(T) = MCC 2354(T)).

Streptomyces bohaiensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from Scomberomorus niphonius in the Bohai Sea

A novel actinomycete strain, designated 11A07(T), was isolated from young Scomberomorus niphonius in the Bohai Sea. Basic local alignment search tool analyses showed that this isolate had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.41% with Streptomyces rimosus subsp. paromomycinus DSM 41429(T). Phylogenetic tree revealed that strain 11A07(T) formed a distinct lineage clustered with Streptomyces panacagri Gsoil 519(T), Streptomyces sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) and Streptomyces albus subsp. albus NRRL B-2365(T) having similarities of 97.30%, 97.10% and 96.83%, respectively. Multilocus sequence analysis further demonstrated that the new isolate was different from the selected representatives of Streptomyces as a separate phylogenetic line. Strain 11A07(T) produced straight or rectiflexibile spore chains with smooth surface, white aerial mycelia and brown diffusible pigments on international streptomyces project 2 medium. Maximum tolerated NaCl concentration for growth was 11.0%. Whole-cell sugars were mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose and xylose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H2), MK-9(H4) and MK-9 (H6). The fatty-acid profile contained iso-C16:0, C18:0 10-methyl (tuberculostearic acid) and anteiso-C17:0 as the major compositions. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unknown phospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.4 mol%. These morphological, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strain 11A07(T) could be readily distinguished from the most closely related members of the genus Streptomyces. Thus, based on the polyphasic taxonomic data, strain 11A07(T) (=JCM 19630(T)=CCTCC AA 2013020(T)=KCTC 29263(T)) represents a novel species within the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces bohaiensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Streptomyces canchipurensis sp. nov., isolated from a limestone habitat

Hundung Limestone habitat, Manipur, India is an unexplored site for microbial diversity studies. Using polyphasic taxonomy, a Streptomyces strain, MBRL 172(T), has been characterized. The strain was found to show highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (99.2 %). The DNA relatedness between MBRL 172(T) and S. coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T), and between MBRL 172(T) and Streptomyces nogalater NBRC 13445(T), were 36.8 ± 4.4 and 52.5 ± 2.7 %, respectively. Strain MBRL 172(T) was found to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glucose, mannose and xylose as the major sugars in whole cell hydrolysates. The polar lipids in the cell membrane were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositolmannoside. The predominant menaquinones detected were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The cellular fatty acids identified were mainly saturated fatty acids: anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. Based on differences in the biochemical and molecular characteristics from its closest relatives, the strain can be proposed to represent a novel taxon in the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces canchipurensis is proposed, with the type strain MBRL 172(T) (=JCM 17575(T) = KCTC 29105(T)).

Bacillus tianshenii sp. nov., isolated from a marine sediment sample

A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M13235(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus. The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)).

Roseovarius azorensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater at Espalamaca, Azores

A Gram-negative, motile, non-spore forming, rod shaped aerobic bacterium, designated strain SSW084(T), was isolated from a surface seawater sample collected at Espalamaca (38°33'N; 28°39'W), Azores. Growth was found to occur from 15 to 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 25-100 % seawater or 0.5-7.0 % NaCl in the presence of Mg(2+) and Ca(2+); no growth was found with NaCl alone. Colonies on seawater nutrient agar were observed to be punctiform, white, convex, circular, smooth, and translucent. Strain SSW084(T) did not grow on Zobell marine agar and tryptic soy agar even when seawater supplemented. The major respiratory quinone was found to be Q-10 and the G + C content was determined to be 61.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SSW084(T) belongs to the genus Roseovarius and that its closest neighbours are Roseovarius tolerans EL-172(T), Roseovarius mucosus DFL-24(T) and Roseovarius lutimaris 112(T) with 95.7, 95.4 and 95.3 % sequence similarity respectively. The remaining species of Roseovarius showed <95 % similarity. The polar lipids of strain SSW084(T) were determined to be phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The major fatty acids identified were identified as C18:1 ω7c (52.5 %) and C16:0 (13.8 %). On the basis of phenotypic, molecular and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SSW084(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which Roseovarius azorensis sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is SSW084(T) (=KCTC 32421(T) = MTCC 11812(T)).