1
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Zhang JL, Richetti S, Ramezani T, Welcker D, Lütke S, Pogoda HM, Hatzold J, Zaucke F, Keene DR, Bloch W, Sengle G, Hammerschmidt M. Vertebrate extracellular matrix protein hemicentin-1 interacts physically and genetically with basement membrane protein nidogen-2. Matrix Biol 2022; 112:132-154. [PMID: 36007682 PMCID: PMC10015821 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hemicentins are large proteins of the extracellular matrix that belong to the fibulin family and play pivotal roles during development and homeostasis of a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate tissues. However, bona fide interaction partners of hemicentins have not been described as yet. Here, applying surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and co-immunoprecipitation, we identify the basement membrane protein nidogen-2 (NID2) as a binding partner of mouse and zebrafish hemicentin-1 (HMCN1), in line with the formerly described essential role of mouse HMCN1 in basement membrane integrity. We show that HMCN1 binds to the same protein domain of NID2 (G2) as formerly shown for laminins, but with an approximately 3.5-fold lower affinity and in a competitive manner. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling revealed that HMCN1/Hmcn1 is localized close to basement membranes and in partial overlap with NID2/Nid2a in different tissues of mouse and zebrafish. Genetic knockout and antisense-mediated knockdown studies in zebrafish further show that loss of Nid2a leads to similar defects in fin fold morphogenesis as the loss of Laminin-α5 (Lama5) or Hmcn1. Finally, combined partial loss-of-function studies indicated that nid2a genetically interacts with both hmcn1 and lama5. Together, these findings suggest that despite their mutually exclusive physical binding, hemicentins, nidogens, and laminins tightly cooperate and support each other during formation, maintenance, and function of basement membranes to confer tissue linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Li Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefania Richetti
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Ramezani
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Welcker
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffen Lütke
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Pogoda
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Hatzold
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department for Orthopedics, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Douglas R Keene
- Micro-Imaging Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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2
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Zhang L, Er JC, Jiang H, Li X, Luo Z, Ramezani T, Feng Y, Tang MK, Chang YT, Vendrell M. A highly selective fluorogenic probe for the detection and in vivo imaging of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:9093-6. [PMID: 26940443 PMCID: PMC4943070 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fine-tuning the BODIPY chemical structure to develop a highly selective fluorophore for Cu/Zn SOD.
Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) is an essential enzyme that protects tissue from oxidative damage. Herein we report the first fluorogenic probe (SODO) for the detection and in vivo imaging of Cu/Zn SOD. SODO represents a unique chemical probe for translational imaging studies of Cu/Zn SOD in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhang
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Cheng Er
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore and Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, 117456 Singapore
| | - Hao Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaofeng Luo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Ramezani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Yi Feng
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Mui Kee Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore
| | - Marc Vendrell
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK.
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3
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Lessel D, Wu D, Trujillo C, Ramezani T, Lessel I, Alwasiyah MK, Saha B, Hisama FM, Rading K, Goebel I, Schütz P, Speit G, Högel J, Thiele H, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Hammerschmidt M, Zhu Y, Tong DR, Katz C, Martin GM, Oshima J, Prives C, Kubisch C. Dysfunction of the MDM2/p53 axis is linked to premature aging. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3598-3608. [PMID: 28846075 DOI: 10.1172/jci92171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53, a master regulator of the cellular response to stress, is tightly regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 via an autoregulatory feedback loop. In addition to its well-established role in tumorigenesis, p53 has also been associated with aging in mice. Several mouse models with aberrantly increased p53 activity display signs of premature aging. However, the relationship between dysfunction of the MDM2/p53 axis and human aging remains elusive. Here, we have identified an antiterminating homozygous germline mutation in MDM2 in a patient affected by a segmental progeroid syndrome. We show that this mutation abrogates MDM2 activity, thereby resulting in enhanced levels and stability of p53. Analysis of the patient's primary cells, genome-edited cells, and in vitro and in vivo analyses confirmed the MDM2 mutation's aberrant regulation of p53 activity. Functional data from a zebrafish model further demonstrated that mutant Mdm2 was unable to rescue a p53-induced apoptotic phenotype. Altogether, our findings indicate that mutant MDM2 is a likely driver of the observed segmental form of progeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Danyi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Trujillo
- Genetics Unit, Dr. Erfan & Bagedo Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Ramezani
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivana Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad K Alwasiyah
- Aziziah Maternity and Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bidisha Saha
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katrin Rading
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Goebel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Schütz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Günter Speit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Högel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - David R Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chen Katz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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4
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Laux DW, Kelly L, Bravo IR, Ramezani T, Feng Y. Live imaging the earliest host innate immune response to preneoplastic cells using a zebrafish inducible KalTA4-ER T2/UAS system. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 138:137-150. [PMID: 28129841 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As cancers develop, transformed cells hijack various host mechanisms and manipulate them to create a dynamic tumor microenvironment, which supports tumor growth. This protumorigenic microenvironment is made up of many different cell types, including transformed cells, fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells, the interactions of which have been shown to play a role in sustaining tumor growth. Multiple reports implicate the inflammatory cells of the tumor microenvironment as having both pro- and antitumorigenic roles, the balance of which is vital for the progression of the tumor, and while our understanding of established cancers has vastly increased since the turn of the 21st Century, our knowledge of these cellular interactions at the earliest stages of cancer initiation and development remains relatively limited. This is largely due to difficulties in monitoring these processes in vivo and in real time. Since the late nineties, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a vital model organism, allowing studies of previously unattainable stages of tumor initiation in a vertebrate model system. Using genetic and live-imaging approaches, this model system can be used both independently to monitor stages of tumor progression from the earliest initiation stages and incorporated into previously established systems to investigate the interactions between cancer cells and the various cell types of the tumor microenvironment, including inflammatory cells. Here, we describe the use of an inducible KalTA4-ERT2/UAS expression system in zebrafish, which allows spatial and temporal control of preneoplastic cell (PNC) growth and monitoring of innate immune cells in response to the developing PNC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Laux
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - L Kelly
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - T Ramezani
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Y Feng
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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Faden F, Ramezani T, Mielke S, Almudi I, Nairz K, Froehlich MS, Höckendorff J, Brandt W, Hoehenwarter W, Dohmen RJ, Schnittger A, Dissmeyer N. Phenotypes on demand via switchable target protein degradation in multicellular organisms. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12202. [PMID: 27447739 PMCID: PMC4961840 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes on-demand generated by controlling activation and accumulation of proteins of interest are invaluable tools to analyse and engineer biological processes. While temperature-sensitive alleles are frequently used as conditional mutants in microorganisms, they are usually difficult to identify in multicellular species. Here we present a versatile and transferable, genetically stable system based on a low-temperature-controlled N-terminal degradation signal (lt-degron) that allows reversible and switch-like tuning of protein levels under physiological conditions in vivo. Thereby, developmental effects can be triggered and phenotypes on demand generated. The lt-degron was established to produce conditional and cell-type-specific phenotypes and is generally applicable in a wide range of organisms, from eukaryotic microorganisms to plants and poikilothermic animals. We have successfully applied this system to control the abundance and function of transcription factors and different enzymes by tunable protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Faden
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Ramezani
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Mielke
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Isabel Almudi
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Knud Nairz
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marceli S. Froehlich
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Höckendorff
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Computational Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Proteomics Unit, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - R. Jürgen Dohmen
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
- Département Mécanismes Moléculaires de la Plasticité Phénotypique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
- Département Mécanismes Moléculaires de la Plasticité Phénotypique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg F-67000, France
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6
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Richardson R, Metzger M, Knyphausen P, Ramezani T, Slanchev K, Kraus C, Schmelzer E, Hammerschmidt M. Re-epithelialization of cutaneous wounds in adult zebrafish combines mechanisms of wound closure in embryonic and adult mammals. J Cell Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.193763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Richardson R, Metzger M, Knyphausen P, Ramezani T, Slanchev K, Kraus C, Schmelzer E, Hammerschmidt M. Re-epithelialization of cutaneous wounds in adult zebrafish combines mechanisms of wound closure in embryonic and adult mammals. Development 2016; 143:2077-88. [PMID: 27122176 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Re-epithelialization of cutaneous wounds in adult mammals takes days to complete and relies on numerous signalling cues and multiple overlapping cellular processes that take place both within the epidermis and in other participating tissues. Re-epithelialization of partial- or full-thickness skin wounds of adult zebrafish, however, is extremely rapid and largely independent of the other processes of wound healing. Live imaging after treatment with transgene-encoded or chemical inhibitors reveals that re-epithelializing keratinocytes repopulate wounds by TGF-β- and integrin-dependent lamellipodial crawling at the leading edges of the epidermal tongue. In addition, re-epithelialization requires long-range epithelial rearrangements, involving radial intercalations, flattening and directed elongation of cells - processes that are dependent on Rho kinase, JNK and, to some extent, planar cell polarity within the epidermis. These rearrangements lead to a massive recruitment of keratinocytes from the adjacent epidermis and make re-epithelialization independent of keratinocyte proliferation and the mitogenic effect of FGF signalling, which are only required after wound closure, allowing the epidermis outside the wound to re-establish its normal thickness. Together, these results demonstrate that the adult zebrafish is a valuable in vivo model for studying and visualizing the processes involved in cutaneous wound closure, facilitating the dissection of direct from indirect and motogenic from mitogenic effects of genes and molecules affecting wound re-epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Richardson
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - Manuel Metzger
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - Philipp Knyphausen
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50674, Germany Graduate School for Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - Thomas Ramezani
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - Krasimir Slanchev
- Georges-Koehler Laboratory, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg D-79108, Germany
| | - Christopher Kraus
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - Elmon Schmelzer
- Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne D-50829, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50674, Germany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50931, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50931, Germany
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8
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Ramezani T, Laux DW, Bravo IR, Tada M, Feng Y. Live imaging of innate immune and preneoplastic cell interactions using an inducible Gal4/UAS expression system in larval zebrafish skin. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 25741625 PMCID: PMC4354608 DOI: 10.3791/52107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a method to conditionally induce epithelial cell transformation by the use of the 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) inducible KalTA4-ERT2/UAS expression system(1) in zebrafish larvae, and the subsequent live imaging of innate immune cell interaction with HRASG12V expressing skin cells. The KalTA4-ERT2/UAS system is both inducible and reversible which allows us to induce cell transformation with precise temporal/spatial resolution in vivo. This provides us with a unique opportunity to live image how individual preneoplastic cells interact with host tissues as soon as they emerge, then follow their progression as well as regression. Recent studies in zebrafish larvae have shown a trophic function of innate immunity in the earliest stages of tumorigenesis(2,3). Our inducible system would allow us to live image the onset of cellular transformation and the subsequent host response, which may lead to important insights on the underlying mechanisms for the regulation of oncogenic trophic inflammatory responses. We also discuss how one might adapt our protocol to achieve temporal and spatial control of ectopic gene expression in any tissue of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ramezani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh
| | - Derek W Laux
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh
| | - Isabel R Bravo
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh
| | - Masazumi Tada
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London
| | - Yi Feng
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh;
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9
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Fischer B, Metzger M, Richardson R, Knyphausen P, Ramezani T, Franzen R, Schmelzer E, Bloch W, Carney TJ, Hammerschmidt M. p53 and TAp63 promote keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation in breeding tubercles of the zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004048. [PMID: 24415949 PMCID: PMC3886889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p63 is a multi-isoform member of the p53 family of transcription factors. There is compelling genetic evidence that ΔNp63 isoforms are needed for keratinocyte proliferation and stemness in the developing vertebrate epidermis. However, the role of TAp63 isoforms is not fully understood, and TAp63 knockout mice display normal epidermal development. Here, we show that zebrafish mutants specifically lacking TAp63 isoforms, or p53, display compromised development of breeding tubercles, epidermal appendages which according to our analyses display more advanced stratification and keratinization than regular epidermis, including continuous desquamation and renewal of superficial cells by derivatives of basal keratinocytes. Defects are further enhanced in TAp63/p53 double mutants, pointing to partially redundant roles of the two related factors. Molecular analyses, treatments with chemical inhibitors and epistasis studies further reveal the existence of a linear TAp63/p53->Notch->caspase 3 pathway required both for enhanced proliferation of keratinocytes at the base of the tubercles and their subsequent differentiation in upper layers. Together, these studies identify the zebrafish breeding tubercles as specific epidermal structures sharing crucial features with the cornified mammalian epidermis. In addition, they unravel essential roles of TAp63 and p53 to promote both keratinocyte proliferation and their terminal differentiation by promoting Notch signalling and caspase 3 activity, ensuring formation and proper homeostasis of this self-renewing stratified epithelium. The mammalian epidermis is a stratified self-renewing epithelium, in which cell loss at the surface is properly balanced by cell proliferation in basal layers to ensure tissue homeostasis. But how is this balance genetically controlled? Here, we address this question in zebrafish breeding tubercles, epidermal appendages in which keratinocytes undergo more advanced differentiation processes than in regular fish epidermis, sharing crucial features with the cornified mammalian skin. We identify a linear pathway consisting of the transcription factor p53 and its close relative TAp63, which activate Notch signalling and thereby caspase 3 to promote terminal differentiation and eventual shedding of keratinocytes in upper tubercle layers, while at the same time employing non-cell autonomous mechanisms to promote keratinocyte proliferation at the tubercle base, thereby ensuring proper development and homeostasis of this self-renewing tissue. Such a two-fold function of the pathway is consistent with the formerly reported dual role of a caspase during wing regeneration in the fruitfly. Our findings will help to better understand the seemingly contrary effects described for TAp63 in different mammalian systems, while demonstrating partial functional redundancy between p53 and TAp63 during epidermal development in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Fischer
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Metzger
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Richardson
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Knyphausen
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Ramezani
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer Franzen
- Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elmon Schmelzer
- Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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