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Canham L, Sendac S, Diagbouga MR, Wolodimeroff E, Pirri D, Tardajos Ayllon B, Feng S, Souilhol C, Chico TJ, Evans PC, Serbanovic-Canic J. EVA1A (Eva-1 Homolog A) Promotes Endothelial Apoptosis and Inflammatory Activation Under Disturbed Flow Via Regulation of Autophagy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:547-561. [PMID: 36794585 PMCID: PMC10026973 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodynamic wall shear stress (WSS) exerted on the endothelium by flowing blood determines the spatial distribution of atherosclerotic lesions. Disturbed flow (DF) with a low WSS magnitude and reversing direction promotes atherosclerosis by regulating endothelial cell (EC) viability and function, whereas un-DF which is unidirectional and of high WSS magnitude is atheroprotective. Here, we study the role of EVA1A (eva-1 homolog A), a lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein linked to autophagy and apoptosis, in WSS-regulated EC dysfunction. METHODS The effect of WSS on EVA1A expression was studied using porcine and mouse aortas and cultured human ECs exposed to flow. EVA1A was silenced in vitro in human ECs and in vivo in zebrafish using siRNA (small interfering RNA) and morpholinos, respectively. RESULTS EVA1A was induced by proatherogenic DF at both mRNA and protein levels. EVA1A silencing resulted in decreased EC apoptosis, permeability, and expression of inflammatory markers under DF. Assessment of autophagic flux using the autolysosome inhibitor, bafilomycin coupled to the autophagy markers LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II) and p62, revealed that EVA1A knockdown promotes autophagy when ECs are exposed to DF, but not un-DF . Blocking autophagic flux led to increased EC apoptosis in EVA1A-knockdown cells exposed to DF, suggesting that autophagy mediates the effects of DF on EC dysfunction. Mechanistically, EVA1A expression was regulated by flow direction via TWIST1 (twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1). In vivo, knockdown of EVA1A orthologue in zebrafish resulted in reduced EC apoptosis, confirming the proapoptotic role of EVA1A in the endothelium. CONCLUSIONS We identified EVA1A as a novel flow-sensitive gene that mediates the effects of proatherogenic DF on EC dysfunction by regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Canham
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (L.C., S.S., M.R.D., E.W., B.T.A., S.F., T.J.A.C., P.C.E., J.S.-C.)
| | - Sam Sendac
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (L.C., S.S., M.R.D., E.W., B.T.A., S.F., T.J.A.C., P.C.E., J.S.-C.)
| | - Mannekomba R. Diagbouga
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (L.C., S.S., M.R.D., E.W., B.T.A., S.F., T.J.A.C., P.C.E., J.S.-C.)
| | - Elena Wolodimeroff
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (L.C., S.S., M.R.D., E.W., B.T.A., S.F., T.J.A.C., P.C.E., J.S.-C.)
| | - Daniela Pirri
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (D.P.)
| | - Blanca Tardajos Ayllon
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (L.C., S.S., M.R.D., E.W., B.T.A., S.F., T.J.A.C., P.C.E., J.S.-C.)
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (L.C., S.S., M.R.D., E.W., B.T.A., S.F., T.J.A.C., P.C.E., J.S.-C.)
| | - Celine Souilhol
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Timothy J.A. Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (L.C., S.S., M.R.D., E.W., B.T.A., S.F., T.J.A.C., P.C.E., J.S.-C.)
| | - Paul C. Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (L.C., S.S., M.R.D., E.W., B.T.A., S.F., T.J.A.C., P.C.E., J.S.-C.)
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.C.E.)
| | - Jovana Serbanovic-Canic
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (L.C., S.S., M.R.D., E.W., B.T.A., S.F., T.J.A.C., P.C.E., J.S.-C.)
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Ellam T, Wilkie M, Chamberlain J, Crossman D, Eastell R, Francis S, Chico TJ. Dietary Phosphate Modulates Atherogenesis and Insulin Resistance in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice—Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1988-90. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.231001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Epidemiological studies link higher serum phosphate and the phosphatonin fibroblast growth factor 23 with cardiovascular events and atheroma, and they link lower serum phosphate with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. We investigated whether manipulating dietary phosphate influences atherogenesis or insulin sensitivity in mice.
Methods and Results—
Apolipoprotein E knockout mice were fed an atherogenic diet with low (0.2%), standard (0.6%), or high (1.6%) phosphate content. Serum phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23 significantly increased with increasing dietary phosphate intake, but lipid profile and blood pressure were unaffected. After 20 weeks, mice on the higher phosphate diet had significantly more atheroma at the aortic sinus (42±1.9% versus 30±1.5% for high versus low phosphate,
P
<0.01). Compared with standard and high-phosphate diet groups, mice on a low-phosphate diet had more adipose tissue and a 4-fold increase in insulin resistance measured by homeostatic model assessment (43.7±9.3 versus 8.9±0.7 for low versus high phosphate,
P
<0.005).
Conclusion—
A high-phosphate diet accelerates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E
−/−
mice, whereas low phosphate intake induces insulin resistance. These data indicate for the first time that controlling dietary phosphate intake may influence development of both atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Ellam
- From the National Institute for Healthcare Research (NIHR), Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (T.E., D.C., T.J.A.C.), Sheffield Kidney Institute (M.W.), and NIHR Bone Biomedical Research Unit (R.E.), Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Science, Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (v)
| | - Martin Wilkie
- From the National Institute for Healthcare Research (NIHR), Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (T.E., D.C., T.J.A.C.), Sheffield Kidney Institute (M.W.), and NIHR Bone Biomedical Research Unit (R.E.), Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Science, Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (v)
| | - Janet Chamberlain
- From the National Institute for Healthcare Research (NIHR), Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (T.E., D.C., T.J.A.C.), Sheffield Kidney Institute (M.W.), and NIHR Bone Biomedical Research Unit (R.E.), Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Science, Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (v)
| | - David Crossman
- From the National Institute for Healthcare Research (NIHR), Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (T.E., D.C., T.J.A.C.), Sheffield Kidney Institute (M.W.), and NIHR Bone Biomedical Research Unit (R.E.), Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Science, Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (v)
| | - Richard Eastell
- From the National Institute for Healthcare Research (NIHR), Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (T.E., D.C., T.J.A.C.), Sheffield Kidney Institute (M.W.), and NIHR Bone Biomedical Research Unit (R.E.), Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Science, Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (v)
| | - Sheila Francis
- From the National Institute for Healthcare Research (NIHR), Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (T.E., D.C., T.J.A.C.), Sheffield Kidney Institute (M.W.), and NIHR Bone Biomedical Research Unit (R.E.), Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Science, Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (v)
| | - Timothy J.A. Chico
- From the National Institute for Healthcare Research (NIHR), Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (T.E., D.C., T.J.A.C.), Sheffield Kidney Institute (M.W.), and NIHR Bone Biomedical Research Unit (R.E.), Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Science, Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (v)
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Chico TJ, Chamberlain J, Gunn J, Arnold N, Bullens SL, Gadek TR, Francis SE, Bunting S, Horton M, Shepherd L, Lipari MT, Quan C, Knolle J, Stilz HU, Peyman A, Crossman DC. Effect of selective or combined inhibition of integrins alpha(IIb)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(3) on thrombosis and neointima after oversized porcine coronary angioplasty. Circulation 2001; 103:1135-41. [PMID: 11222478 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.8.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombosis and neointima formation limit the efficacy of coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Clinical trials have implicated the adhesion molecules integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) and integrin alpha(v)beta(3) in these processes. The roles of these molecules in vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion, platelet aggregation, and the thrombotic and neointimal response to oversize porcine PTCA was investigated by use of a selective alpha(IIb)beta(3) antagonist (lamifiban), a selective alpha(v)beta(3) antagonist (VO514), and a combined alpha(IIb)beta(3)/alpha(v)beta(3) antagonist (G3580). METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro, both alpha(v)beta(3) inhibitors caused dose-dependent inhibition of porcine vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion to vitronectin but not to collagen type IV, fibronectin, or laminin, whereas selective alpha(IIb)beta(3) inhibition had no effect. Intravenous infusions of either alpha(IIb)beta(3) inhibitor in swine profoundly inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation to ADP, whereas selective alpha(v)beta(3) inhibition had no effect. In a porcine PTCA model, intravenous infusions of the integrin antagonists were administered for 14 days after oversized balloon angioplasty injury. After PTCA, there was regional upregulation of integrin alpha(v)beta(3) in the developing neointima, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Six hours after PTCA, obstruction of lumen by thrombus was reduced significantly by alpha(IIb)beta(3) inhibition compared with either control or alpha(v)beta(3) inhibition (mean control, 18.7%; VO514, 18.5%; lamifiban, 6.4%; G3580, 7.9%). Twenty-eight days after PTCA, there was a significant reduction of neointima with inhibitors of either integrin (mean intima/media ratio: control, 3.08; VO514, 1.33; lamifiban, 0.97; G3580, 1.32). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that both integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) and integrin alpha(v)beta(3) participate in neointima development after experimental angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Chico
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of Clinical Sciences (NGHT), University of Sheffield, Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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