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Higgins TA, Patton DJ, Shimko-Lofano IM, Eller TL, Molinari R, Sandey M, Ismail A, Smith BF, Agarwal P. The Development and Characterization of a Next-Generation Oncolytic Virus Armed with an Anti-PD-1 sdAb for Osteosarcoma Treatment In Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:351. [PMID: 38391964 PMCID: PMC10886739 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone malignancy characterized by an aggressive nature, limited treatment options, low survival rate, and poor patient prognosis. Conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) armed with immune checkpoint inhibitors hold great potential for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The present study aims to investigate the anti-tumor efficacy of CAV2-AU-M2, a CAV2-based CRAd armed with an anti-PD-1 single-domain antibody (sdAb), against OS cell lines in vitro. The infection, conditional replication, cytopathic effects, and cytotoxicity of CAV2-AU-M2 were tested in four different OS cell lines in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. CAV2-AU-M2 showed selective replication in the OS cells and induced efficient tumor cell lysis and death. Moreover, CAV2-AU-M2 produced an anti-PD-1 sdAb that demonstrated effective binding to the PD-1 receptors. This study demonstrated the first CRAd armed with an anti-PD-1 sdAb. This combined approach of two distinct immunotherapies is intended to enhance the anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A. Higgins
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (T.A.H.); (D.J.P.); (I.M.S.-L.); (T.L.E.); (M.S.); (A.I.); (B.F.S.)
| | - Daniel J. Patton
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (T.A.H.); (D.J.P.); (I.M.S.-L.); (T.L.E.); (M.S.); (A.I.); (B.F.S.)
| | - Isabella M. Shimko-Lofano
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (T.A.H.); (D.J.P.); (I.M.S.-L.); (T.L.E.); (M.S.); (A.I.); (B.F.S.)
| | - Timothy L. Eller
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (T.A.H.); (D.J.P.); (I.M.S.-L.); (T.L.E.); (M.S.); (A.I.); (B.F.S.)
| | - Roberto Molinari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (T.A.H.); (D.J.P.); (I.M.S.-L.); (T.L.E.); (M.S.); (A.I.); (B.F.S.)
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Aliaa Ismail
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (T.A.H.); (D.J.P.); (I.M.S.-L.); (T.L.E.); (M.S.); (A.I.); (B.F.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 8366004, Egypt
| | - Bruce F. Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (T.A.H.); (D.J.P.); (I.M.S.-L.); (T.L.E.); (M.S.); (A.I.); (B.F.S.)
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Payal Agarwal
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (T.A.H.); (D.J.P.); (I.M.S.-L.); (T.L.E.); (M.S.); (A.I.); (B.F.S.)
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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