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Freerks L, Arien T, Mackie C, Inghelbrecht S, Klein S. A toolbox for mimicking gastrointestinal conditions in children: Design and evaluation of biorelevant dissolution media for mimicking paediatric gastric- and small intestinal conditions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 193:144-157. [PMID: 37852543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present work was to develop an in vitro toolbox to evaluate the oral administration of dosage forms to children of different age groups and under different administration conditions (fasted/fed). Based on current data on the gastrointestinal physiology of children, a set of new biorelevant media was designed to mimic the composition and physicochemical properties of resting gastric and resting small intestinal fluid in children of different age groups. In addition, guidelines were developed on how to generate fasted and fed state gastric and small intestinal fluids by combining these media with age-specific drinking volumes or portions of already established simulated paediatric breakfast meals, respectively. These fluids can simulate the conditions in the paediatric stomach and small intestine after administration of a dosage form in the fasting state or after a breakfast. The in vitro toolbox was evaluated using the example of pre-school children with a total of five paediatric medicines. Results from the corresponding set of in vitro studies highlight the importance of addressing patient-specific characteristics rather than downscaling existing adult in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Freerks
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tina Arien
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Claire Mackie
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Sandra Klein
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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Freerks L, Zielke C, Tarnow MJ, Arien T, Mackie C, Inghelbrecht S, Klein S. A Toolbox for Mimicking Gastrointestinal Conditions in Children: Simulated Paediatric Breakfast Media (SPBM) for Addressing the Variability of Gastric Contents After Typical Paediatric Breakfasts. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:51-61. [PMID: 34019904 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since co-administration of dosage forms with food can impact drug exposure, food effect studies became an integral part of oral drug product development. Studies are usually performed in healthy adults and the dosage form is co-administered with a high-fat high-calorie standard breakfast meal to mimic worst-case dosing conditions. A corresponding study design for children is lacking but would be essential for a proper risk-assessment in this vulnerable patient group. To protect healthy children from unnecessary in vivo studies, it would be even more desirable to predict food effects based on other than in vivo studies in the target age group. In the present study, typical children's breakfasts in different parts of the world were identified, prepared and physicochemical properties were assessed. Subsequently, Simulated Paediatric Breakfast Media (SPBM) resembling breakfast composition and properties were designed and applied in in vitro dissolution experiments mimicking the initial composition of the postprandial stomach after breakfast ingestion. Study results indicate the impact of different simulated gastric conditions on drug release. SPBM enabled to better estimate the variability of in vivo drug release in fed dosing conditions and their use will aid in better assessing food effects in children in different parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Freerks
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, 3 Felix Hausdorff Street, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Carolin Zielke
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, 3 Felix Hausdorff Street, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Marie-Josefin Tarnow
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, 3 Felix Hausdorff Street, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Tina Arien
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Claire Mackie
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Sandra Klein
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, 3 Felix Hausdorff Street, Greifswald 17489, Germany.
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Pawar G, Papadatou-Soulou E, Mason J, Muhammed R, Watson A, Cotter C, Abdallah M, Harrad S, Mackie C, Arien T, Inghelbrecht S, Batchelor H. Characterisation of fasted state gastric and intestinal fluids collected from children. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:156-165. [PMID: 33259897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental knowledge about the composition of intestinal fluids in paediatric populations is currently unavailable. This study aimed to characterise gastric and intestinal fluid from paediatric populations. Gastric and intestinal fluid samples were obtained during routine clinical endoscopy from paediatric patients at a large teaching hospital. These fluids were characterised to measure the pH; buffer capacity; osmolality; bile acid concentration and composition. A total of 55 children were recruited to the study aged from 11 months to 15 years of age where 53 gastric fluid samples and 40 intestinal fluid samples were obtained. pH values recorded ranged from pH 0.57 to 11.05 (median: 2.50) in gastric fluids and from 0.89 to 8.97 (median: 3.27) in intestinal fluids. The buffer capacity did not change significantly between gastric and intestinal fluids with median values of 12 mM/L/ΔpH for both fluids. Gastric fluid osmolality values ranged from 1 to 615 mOsm/kg, while intestinal fluid values ranged from 35 to 631 mOsm/kg. Gastric fluid bile acid concentrations ranged from 0.002 to 2.3 mM with a median value of 0.017 mM whilst intestinal fluid bile acid concentrations ranged from 0.0008 to 3.3 mM with a median value of 0.178 mM. Glycocholate; taurocholic acid; glycochenodeoxycholate and taurochenodeoxycholate were the most commonly identified bile acids within paediatric intestinal fluids. All compositional components were associated with large inter-individual variability. Further work is required to develop simulated paediatric media and to explore the impact of these media on drug solubility and dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Pawar
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Papadatou-Soulou
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Mason
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rafeeq Muhammed
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Watson
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Cotter
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abdallah
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Mackie
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 34, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tina Arien
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 34, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Hannah Batchelor
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Danhier F, Ucakar B, Vanderhaegen ML, Brewster ME, Arien T, Préat V. Nanosuspension for the delivery of a poorly soluble anti-cancer kinase inhibitor. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:252-60. [PMID: 24859391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that nanosuspensions could be promising for the delivery of the poorly water soluble anti-cancer multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, MTKi-327. Hence, the aims of this work were (i) to evaluate the MTKi-327 nanosuspension for parenteral and oral administrations and (ii) to compare this nanosuspension with other nanocarriers in terms of anti-cancer efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Therefore, four formulations of MTKi-327 were studied: (i) PEGylated PLGA-based nanoparticles, (ii) self-assembling PEG₇₅₀-p-(CL-co-TMC) polymeric micelles, (iii) nanosuspensions of MTKi-327; and (iv) Captisol solution (pH=3.5). All the nano-formulations presented a size below 200 nm. Injections of the highest possible dose of the three nano-formulations did not induce any side effects in mice. In contrast, the maximum tolerated dose of the control Captisol solution was 20-fold lower than its highest possible dose. The highest regrowth delay of A-431-tumor-bearing nude mice was obtained with MTKi-327 nanosuspension, administered intravenously, at a dose of 650 mg/kg. After intravenous and oral administration, the AUC₀₋∞ of MTKi-327 nanosuspension was 2.4-fold greater than that of the Captisol solution. Nanosuspension may be considered as an effective anti-cancer MTKi-327 delivery method due to (i) the higher MTKi-327 maximum tolerated dose, (ii) the possible intravenous injection of MTKi-327, (iii) its ability to enhance the administered dose and (iv) its higher efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Danhier
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Lyse Vanderhaegen
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marcus E Brewster
- Johnson and Johnson, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tina Arien
- Johnson and Johnson, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Brussels, Belgium.
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Eichenbaum G, Zhou J, De Smedt A, De Jonghe S, Looszova A, Arien T, Van Goethem F, Vervoort I, Shukla U, Lammens L. Methods to evaluate and improve the injection site tolerability of intravenous formulations prior to first-in-human testing. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013; 68:394-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ilias Jimidar M, Embrechts R, Delaet U, Peys W, Verhoeven E, Arien T, Van Assche I. Optimization of pH and Paraben Concentration in a Non-Aqueous Solution Formulation with Transesterification Reaction Products of Parabens (alkyl -4-hydroxybenzoates) and Glycerin. CURR PHARM ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412911208020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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