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Shifai N, van Doorn R, Malvehy J, Sangers TE. Can ChatGPT vision diagnose melanoma? An exploratory diagnostic accuracy study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:1057-1059. [PMID: 38244612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Naweed Shifai
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tobias E Sangers
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sangers TE. Artificial intelligence in skin cancer smartphone applications. Dermatologie (Heidelb) 2024; 75:344-346. [PMID: 38156999 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias E Sangers
- Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sangers TE, Kittler H, Blum A, Braun RP, Barata C, Cartocci A, Combalia M, Esdaile B, Guitera P, Haenssle HA, Kvorning N, Lallas A, Navarrete-Dechent C, Navarini AA, Podlipnik S, Rotemberg V, Soyer HP, Tognetti L, Tschandl P, Malvehy J. Position statement of the EADV Artificial Intelligence (AI) Task Force on AI-assisted smartphone apps and web-based services for skin disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:22-30. [PMID: 37766502 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the use of smartphones continues to surge globally, mobile applications (apps) have become a powerful tool for healthcare engagement. Prominent among these are dermatology apps powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI), which provide immediate diagnostic guidance and educational resources for skin diseases, including skin cancer. OBJECTIVE This article, authored by the EADV AI Task Force, seeks to offer insights and recommendations for the present and future deployment of AI-assisted smartphone applications (apps) and web-based services for skin diseases with emphasis on skin cancer detection. METHODS An initial position statement was drafted on a comprehensive literature review, which was subsequently refined through two rounds of digital discussions and meticulous feedback by the EADV AI Task Force, ensuring its accuracy, clarity and relevance. RESULTS Eight key considerations were identified, including risks associated with inaccuracy and improper user education, a decline in professional skills, the influence of non-medical commercial interests, data security, direct and indirect costs, regulatory approval and the necessity of multidisciplinary implementation. Following these considerations, three main recommendations were formulated: (1) to ensure user trust, app developers should prioritize transparency in data quality, accuracy, intended use, privacy and costs; (2) Apps and web-based services should ensure a uniform user experience for diverse groups of patients; (3) European authorities should adopt a rigorous and consistent regulatory framework for dermatology apps to ensure their safety and accuracy for users. CONCLUSIONS The utilisation of AI-assisted smartphone apps and web-based services in diagnosing and treating skin diseases has the potential to greatly benefit patients in their dermatology journeys. By prioritising innovation, fostering collaboration and implementing effective regulations, we can ensure the successful integration of these apps into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias E Sangers
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Kittler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Blum
- Public, Private and Teaching Practice of Dermatology Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ralph P Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catarina Barata
- Institute for Systems and Robotics, LARSyS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ben Esdaile
- Department of Dermatology, Whittington NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Pascale Guitera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holger A Haenssle
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Kvorning
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontifica Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander A Navarini
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Podlipnik
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Veronica Rotemberg
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Frazer Institute, Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Linda Tognetti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Philipp Tschandl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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Smak Gregoor AM, Sangers TE, Eekhof JAH, Howe S, Revelman J, Litjens RJM, Sarac M, Bindels PJE, Bonten T, Wehrens R, Wakkee M. Artificial intelligence in mobile health for skin cancer diagnostics at home (AIM HIGH): a pilot feasibility study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 60:102019. [PMID: 37261324 PMCID: PMC10227364 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI)-based mobile phone apps (mHealth) have the potential to streamline care for suspicious skin lesions in primary care. This study aims to investigate the conditions and feasibility of a study that incorporates an AI-based app in primary care and evaluates its potential impact. Methods We conducted a pilot feasibility study from November 22nd, 2021 to June 9th, 2022 with a mixed-methods design on implementation of an AI-based mHealth app for skin cancer detection in three primary care practices in the Netherlands (Rotterdam, Leiden and Katwijk). The primary outcome was the inclusion and successful participation rate of patients and general practitioners (GPs). Secondary outcomes were the reasons, facilitators and barriers for successful participation and the potential impact in both pathways for future sample size calculations. Patients were offered use of an AI-based mHealth app before consulting their GP. GPs assessed the patients blinded and then unblinded to the app. Qualitative data included observations and audio-diaries from patients and GPs and focus-groups and interviews with GPs and GP assistants. Findings Fifty patients were included with a median age of 52 years (IQR 33.5-60.3), 64% were female, and 90% had a light skin type. The average patient inclusion rate was 4-6 per GP practice per month and 84% (n = 42) successfully participated. Similarly, in 90% (n = 45 patients) the GPs also successfully completed the study. GPs never changed their working diagnosis, but did change their treatment plan (n = 5) based on the app's assessments. Notably, 54% of patients with a benign skin lesion and low risk rating, indicated that they would be reassured and cancel their GP visit with these results (p < 0.001). Interpretation Our findings suggest that studying implementation of an AI-based mHealth app for detection of skin cancer in the hands of patients or as a diagnostic tool used by GPs in primary care appears feasible. Preliminary results indicate potential to further investigate both intended use settings. Funding SkinVision B.V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Smak Gregoor
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias E. Sangers
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Just AH. Eekhof
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sydney Howe
- School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Revelman
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romy JM. Litjens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Sarac
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tobias Bonten
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Wehrens
- School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies Wakkee
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Smak Gregoor AM, Sangers TE, Bakker LJ, Hollestein L, Uyl-de Groot CA, Nijsten T, Wakkee M. An artificial intelligence based app for skin cancer detection evaluated in a population based setting. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:90. [PMID: 37210466 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) based algorithms for classification of suspicious skin lesions have been implemented in mobile phone apps (mHealth), but their effect on healthcare systems is undocumented. In 2019, a large Dutch health insurance company offered 2.2 million adults free access to an mHealth app for skin cancer detection. To study the impact on dermatological healthcare consumption, we conducted a retrospective population-based pragmatic study. We matched 18,960 mHealth-users who completed at least one successful assessment with the app to 56,880 controls who did not use the app and calculated odds ratios (OR) to compare dermatological claims between both groups in the first year after granting free access. A short-term cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to determine the cost per additional detected (pre)malignancy. Here we report that mHealth-users had more claims for (pre)malignant skin lesions than controls (6.0% vs 4.6%, OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.2-1.4)) and also a more than threefold higher risk of claims for benign skin tumors and nevi (5.9% vs 1.7%, OR 3.7 (95% CI 3.4-4.1)). The costs of detecting one additional (pre)malignant skin lesion with the app compared to the current standard of care were €2567. Based on these results, AI in mHealth appears to have a positive impact on detecting more cutaneous (pre)malignancies, but this should be balanced against the for now stronger increase in care consumption for benign skin tumors and nevi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Smak Gregoor
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias E Sangers
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lytske J Bakker
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carin A Uyl-de Groot
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Wakkee
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Smak Gregoor AM, Sangers TE, Bakker LB, Hollestein LM, Groot CAUD, Nijsten TEC, Wakkee M. European Cancer Summit 2022 submission for Digital Health NetworkThe impact of an artificial intelligence (AI) based app for skin cancer detection: a first clinical practice evaluation in a population-based setting. J Cancer Policy 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2023.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Sangers TE, Wakkee M, Moolenburgh FJ, Nijsten T, Lugtenberg M. Towards successful implementation of artificial intelligence in skin cancer care: a qualitative study exploring the views of dermatologists and general practitioners. Arch Dermatol Res 2022; 315:1187-1195. [PMID: 36477587 PMCID: PMC9734890 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies show promising potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to assist healthcare providers (HCPs) in skin cancer care. The aim of this study is to explore the views of dermatologists and general practitioners (GPs) regarding the successful implementation of AI when assisting HCPs in skin cancer care. We performed a qualitative focus group study, consisting of six focus groups with 16 dermatologists and 17 GPs, varying in prior knowledge and experience with AI, gender, and age. An in-depth inductive thematic content analysis was deployed. Perceived benefits, barriers, and preconditions were identified as main themes. Dermatologists and GPs perceive substantial benefits of AI, particularly an improved health outcome and care pathway between primary and secondary care. Doubts about accuracy, risk of health inequalities, and fear of replacement were among the most stressed barriers. Essential preconditions included adequate algorithm content, sufficient usability, and accessibility of AI. In conclusion, dermatologists and GPs perceive significant benefits from implementing AI in skin cancer care. However, to successfully implement AI, key barriers need to be addressed. Efforts should focus on ensuring algorithm transparency, validation, accessibility for all skin types, and adequate regulation of algorithms. Simultaneously, improving knowledge about AI could reduce the fear of replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias E. Sangers
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Wakkee
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert J. Moolenburgh
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Lugtenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sangers TE, Wakkee M, Kramer‐Noels EC, Nijsten T, Louwman MW, Jaspars EH, Hollestein LM. Limited impact of COVID-19-related diagnostic delay on cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma tumour characteristics: a nationwide pathology registry analysis. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:196-202. [PMID: 35141890 PMCID: PMC9111693 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic reduced the number of skin cancer diagnoses, potentially causing a progression to unfavourable tumour stages. OBJECTIVES To identify the impact of delayed diagnostics on primary invasive melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) by comparing tumour (pT) stage, Breslow thickness and invasion depth from before to after the first and second lockdown periods. METHODS In this population-based cohort study, histopathology reports registered between 1 January 2018 and 22 July 2021 were obtained from the nationwide histopathology registry in the Netherlands. The Breslow thickness of melanomas, invasion depth of cSCCs, and pT stage for both tumour types were compared across five time periods: (i) pre-COVID, (ii) first lockdown, (iii) between first and second lockdowns, (iv) second lockdown and (v) after second lockdown. Breslow thickness was compared using an independent t-test. pT-stage groups were compared using a χ2 -test. Outcomes were corrected for multiple testing using the false discovery rate. RESULTS In total, 20 434 primary invasive melanomas and 68 832 cSCCs were included in this study. The mean primary melanoma Breslow thickness of the prepandemic era (period i) and the following time periods (ii-v) showed no significant difference. A small shift was found towards unfavourable pT stages during the first lockdown compared with the pre-COVID period: pT1 52·3% vs. 58·6%, pT2 18·9% vs. 17·8%, pT3 13·2% vs. 11·0%, pT4 9·1% vs. 7·3% (P = 0·001). No relevant changes were seen in subsequent periods. No significant change in pT stage distribution was observed between the pre-COVID (i) and COVID-affected periods (ii-v) for cSCCs. CONCLUSIONS To date, the diagnostic delay caused by COVID-19 has not resulted in relatively more unfavourable primary tumour characteristics of melanoma or cSCC. Follow-up studies in the coming years are needed to identify a potential impact on staging distribution and survival in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias E. Sangers
- Department of DermatologyErasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marlies Wakkee
- Department of DermatologyErasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of DermatologyErasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Loes M. Hollestein
- Department of DermatologyErasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
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Sangers TE, Nijsten T, Wakkee M. Mobile health skin cancer risk assessment campaign using artificial intelligence on a population-wide scale: a retrospective cohort analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e772-e774. [PMID: 34077573 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T E Sangers
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Wakkee
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sangers TE, Wakkee M, Kramer-Noels EC, Nijsten T, Lugtenberg M. Views on mobile health apps for skin cancer screening in the general population: an in-depth qualitative exploration of perceived barriers and facilitators. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:961-969. [PMID: 33959945 PMCID: PMC9291092 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) incorporating artificial intelligence for skin cancer screening are increasingly reimbursed by health insurers. However, an in‐depth exploration of the general public’s views towards these apps is lacking. Objectives To explore the perceived barriers and facilitators towards mHealth apps for skin cancer screening among the Dutch general population. Methods A qualitative study consisting of four focus groups with 27 participants was conducted. A two‐stage purposive sampling method was used to include information‐rich participants from the Dutch general population with varying experience of mHealth. A topic guide was used to structure the sessions. All focus group meetings were transcribed verbatim and analysed in thematic content analysis by two researchers using several coding phases, resulting in an overview of themes and subthemes, categorized as (sub‐)barriers and (sub)facilitators. Results Main barriers to using mHealth apps included a perceived lack of value, perception of untrustworthiness, preference for a doctor, privacy concerns, a complex user interface, and high costs. The main factors facilitating the use of mHealth among the general population were a high perceived value, a transparent and trustworthy identity of app developers, endorsement by healthcare providers and government regulating bodies, and ease and low costs of use. Conclusions To increase successful adoption in skin cancer screening apps, developers should create a transparent identity and build trustworthy apps. Collaboration between app developers, general practitioners and dermatologists is advocated to improve mHealth integration with skin cancer care. Special attention should be given to the development of low‐cost, privacy‐friendly, easy‐to‐use apps. What is already known about this topic?Mobile health (mHealth) smartphone apps, which provide users with a risk indication of skin cancer using artificial intelligence, are increasingly reimbursed by health insurers. An in‐depth understanding of the views of the general public towards these apps is currently lacking. To increase the functionality and successful adoption and integration of mHealth with skin cancer care, insight into perceived barriers and facilitators towards the use of this technology is advocated.
What does this study add?Our qualitative exploration shows that perceived value, trustworthiness, privacy, app design and costs act as important barriers or facilitators towards the use of mHealth apps for skin cancer screening among the Dutch general population. The preference for a human doctor acted as an additional important barrier towards using mHealth apps. Additional main facilitators were a transparent identity of the app developer, and endorsement from healthcare providers and government regulating bodies.
What are the clinical implications of this work?Adoption of mHealth for skin cancer can be improved by clear communication regarding the reliability of the provided screening, its associated benefits and drawbacks, and by ensuring low cost of use. Design and functionality can be improved by developing privacy‐friendly, easy‐to‐use apps that are usable by all ages. Integration with existing healthcare systems can be improved by collaboration with and endorsement from healthcare professionals and government regulating bodies.
Linked Comment: R.M. Hewitt and C. Bundy. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:880–881. Plain language summary available online
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Sangers
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Wakkee
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E C Kramer-Noels
- Dutch Society of Dermatology and Venereology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - T Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Lugtenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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