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Smedley WA, Mabry CD, Collins T, Tabor J, Bowman S, Porter A, Young S, Klutts G, Deloach J, Bhavaraju A, Maxson T, Robertson RD, Holcomb JB, Kalkwarf KJ. Access to Immediately Available Balanced Blood Products in a Rural State's Trauma System. Am Surg 2023:31348231160836. [PMID: 36877979 DOI: 10.1177/00031348231160836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Arkansas Trauma System was established by law more than a dozen years ago, and all participating trauma centers are required to maintain red blood cells. Since then, there has been a paradigm shift in resuscitating exsanguinating trauma patients. Damage Control Resuscitation with balanced blood products (or whole blood) and minimal crystalloid is now the standard of care. This project aimed to determine access to balanced blood products in our state's Trauma System (TS). METHODS A survey of all trauma centers in the Arkansas TS was conducted, and geospatial analysis was performed. Immediately Available Balanced Blood (IABB) was defined as at least 2 units (U) of thawed plasma (TP) or never frozen plasma (NFP), 4 units of red blood cells (RBCs), 2 units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and 1 unit of platelets or 2 units of whole blood (WB). RESULTS All 64 trauma centers in the state TS completed the survey. All level I, II, and III Trauma Centers (TCs) maintain RBC, plasma, and platelets, but only half of the level II and 16% of the level III TCs have thawed or never frozen plasma. A third of level IV TCs maintain only RBCs, while only 1 had platelets, and none had thawed plasma. 85% of people in our state are within 30 min of RBCs, almost two-thirds are within 30 min of plasma (TP, NFP, or FFP) and platelets, while only a third are within 30 min of IABB. More than 90% are within an hour of plasma and platelets, while only 60% are within that time from an IABB. The median drive times for Arkansas from RBC, plasma (TP, NFP, or FFP), platelets, and an immediately available and balanced blood bank are 19, 21, 32, and 59 minutes, respectively. A lack of thawed or non-frozen plasma and platelets are the most common limitations of IABB. One level III TC in the state maintains WB, which would alleviate the limited access to IABB. CONCLUSION Only 16% of the trauma centers in Arkansas can provide IABB, and only 61% of the population can reach IABB within 60 minutes. Opportunities exist to reduce the time to balanced blood products by selectively distributing WB, TP, or NFP to hospitals in our state trauma system.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Smedley
- Department of Surgery, 12215University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Terry Collins
- Department of Surgery, 12215University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeff Tabor
- Arkansas Trauma Communications Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stephen Bowman
- Department of Surgery, 12215University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Austin Porter
- Department of Surgery, 12215University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sean Young
- Department of Surgery, 12215University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Garret Klutts
- Department of Surgery, 12215University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Joseph Deloach
- Department of Surgery, 12215University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Avi Bhavaraju
- Department of Surgery, 12215University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Todd Maxson
- Department of Surgery, 12215University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ronald D Robertson
- Department of Surgery, 12215University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - John B Holcomb
- Center for Injury Sciences, Division of Acute Care Surgery, 9967University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kyle J Kalkwarf
- Department of Surgery, 12215University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Maxson T, Mabry CD, Sutherland MJ, Robertson RD, Booker JO, Collins T, Spencer HJ, Rinker CF, Sanddal TL, Sanddal ND. Does the Institution of a Statewide Trauma System Reduce Preventable Mortality and Yield a Positive Return on Investment for Taxpayers? J Am Coll Surg 2017; 224:489-499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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McKinney S, Abramo T, Albert G, Maxson T, Hu Z. 234 Cerebral Oximetry in Non-Intubated Pediatric Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Receiving 3% Hypertonic Saline. Ann Emerg Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Canon S, Recicar J, Head B, Linam L, Swearingen C, Maxson T. The utility of initial and follow-up ultrasound reevaluation for blunt renal trauma in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Urol 2014; 10:815-8. [PMID: 24631271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discover if renal ultrasound (RUS) can be utilized as the primary follow-up imaging modality in the management of blunt renal injuries in children and adolescents. METHODS We initiated a protocol utilizing RUS reevaluations for children and adolescents treated for blunt renal injuries. Patients following this protocol (Post) had initial computerized tomography (CT) with RUS reevaluation at day 2 and 2 weeks. We retrospectively compared this group to a 2-year cohort treated between 2007 and 2009 (Pre). RESULTS In our study, 28 Post protocol patients were retrospectively compared with 22 Pre cohort patients. No significant differences were observed in age, length of stay (LOS), injury severity score (ISS), and utilization of CT reevaluation. Follow-up reevaluation was obtained in 13 Pre patients versus 21 Post patients (p = 0.231). No patients had any evidence of long-term complications in either cohort. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that RUS can be utilized as the primary surveillance imaging modality in the management of blunt renal injuries in children and adolescents. The lack of benefit of usage of RUS demonstrated in the acute post-injury surveillance period calls into question the benefit of RUS immediately following the blunt trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Canon
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - John Recicar
- Division of Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Bryan Head
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Leann Linam
- Division of Radiology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Todd Maxson
- Division of Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Yuma-Guerrero PJ, Lawson KA, Velasquez MM, von Sternberg K, Maxson T, Garcia N. Screening, brief intervention, and referral for alcohol use in adolescents: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2012; 130:115-22. [PMID: 22665407 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Alcohol use by adolescents is widespread and is connected to a number of negative health and social outcomes. Adolescents receiving emergent care for injuries are often linked with risky use of alcohol. The trauma system has widely adopted the use of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for preventing alcohol-related injury recidivism and other negative outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence around SBIRT with adolescent patients in acute care settings. METHODS This article reviews 7 randomized controlled trials evaluating risky drinking interventions among adolescent patients in acute care settings. All studies took place in the emergency departments of level I trauma centers. RESULTS Four of the 7 studies reviewed demonstrated a significant intervention effect; however, no one intervention reduced both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. Two of these 4 studies only included patients ages 18 and older. Subgroup analyses with adolescents engaged in risky alcohol-related behaviors, conducted in 2 of the studies, showed significant intervention effects. Five studies showed positive consumption and/or consequences for all study participants regardless of condition, suggesting that an emergent injury and/or the screening process may have a protective effect. CONCLUSIONS Based on existing evidence, it is not clear whether SBIRT is an effective approach to risky alcohol use among adolescent patients in acute care. Additional research is needed around interventions and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Yuma-Guerrero
- Trauma Services, Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, Texas 78723, USA. ka
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Jones BL, Parker-Raley J, Maxson T, Brown C. Understanding health care professionals' views of family presence during pediatric resuscitation. Am J Crit Care 2011; 20:199-207; quiz 208. [PMID: 21532040 DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2011181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the conflicting perceptions that health care professionals hold regarding family presence during pediatric resuscitation. METHODS In phase 1, 137 health care professionals completed a 23-item questionnaire about their views on family presence and their perceptions of their opponents' views on family presence. In phase 2, 12 phase 1 respondents were interviewed about the effects that family presence may have on patients' families and on trauma teams. RESULTS All respondents indicated that legal concerns and risks were important factors during family presence; however, respondents in favor of family presence believed that legal concerns and risks were minimized when patients' families were present whereas respondents who were opposed believed the opposite. Respondents who were opposed assumed that respondents who were in favor of family presence were less sympathetic and concerned about families, trauma teams, and health care providers; respondents in favor of family presence assumed that respondents who were opposed were overly preoccupied with legal concerns and potential risks involved with family presence during pediatric resuscitations. All respondents believed that patients' families and trauma teams are affected by family presence. Specifically, respondents in favor of family presence believed that families and trauma team members are positively affected whereas opponents believed the opposite. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a deeper understanding of the views of health care professionals and how these views might affect the delivery of family-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Jones
- The Institute for Grief, Loss and Family Survival, University of Texas, Austin School of Social Work, 78712, USA.
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Wright KN, Mehdirad AA, Giacobbe P, Grubb T, Maxson T. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular accessory pathways in 3 dogs with subsequent resolution of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 1999; 13:361-71. [PMID: 10449229 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(1999)013<0361:rcaoaa>2.3.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Incessant supraventricular tachyarrhythmias are known to result in myocardial dysfunction indistinguishable from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy by current testing methods. This tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TICM), however, is uniquely reversible with adequate rhythm control. Two dogs were presented to The Ohio State University for incessant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and echocardiographic signs of dilated cardiomyopathy, later proven to be TICM. A 3rd dog presented for frequent paroxysms of SVT and syncope had echocardiographic signs of mild myocardial systolic dysfunction. All 3 dogs had inadequate rhythm control with multiple antiarrhythmic agents, and 1 dog suffered from recurrent left-sided congestive heart failure. Generalized cardiomegaly was found in 1 dog and left-sided dilatation without concurrent right-sided enlargement in 1 dog. Mild-to-severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction was confirmed echocardiographically in all dogs. A total of 4 atrioventricular accessory pathways (APs) were found during invasive electrophysiologic studies in these 3 dogs. All APs were successfully ablated with radiofrequency energy delivered through a thermistor-tipped catheter. Elimination of AP conduction, and thus orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, resulted in resolution of all clinical and echocardiographic evidence of TICM in these dogs. This result confirms that the cardiomyopathy was, in fact, reversible TICM. All cardiovascular medications were discontinued, and no complications occurred during a 15-25-month follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Wright
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
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Welsh JH, Maxson T, Jaksic T, Shahab I, Hicks J. Tracheobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma in childhood and adolescence: case report and review of the literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1998; 45:265-73. [PMID: 9865445 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5876(98)00120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In children and adolescents, primary neoplasms of the tracheobronchial tree and lungs are rare, with most tumors involving the respiratory system being metastatic, small, blue cell tumors of childhood. Of the primary pulmonary neoplasms, most are malignant with mucoepidermoid carcinoma representing about 10% of these malignant tumors. We present an 8-year-old Hispanic male with hemoptysis and several episodes of pneumonia which initially was thought to be infectious upon biopsy during bronchoscopy, but proved to be mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree by microscopic examination during an open lung biopsy. This rare tumor is more common in adults than in children, and infrequently presents with hemoptysis. Mucoepidermoid tumors of the tracheobronchial tree carry a more favorable prognosis in children than adults. In the adult population, the overall mortality is slightly less than 30%. In contrast, of the 31 reported cases of tracheobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma in pediatrics, all children are free of tumor involvement with a mean follow-up period of 5.8 years (range, 0.7-21 years). Based upon the available clinical outcome and survival data, it would appear that tracheobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma may be successfully managed by surgical intervention alone in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Welsh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston 77030-2399, USA
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Maxson T, Robertson R, Wagner CW. An improved method of diaphragmatic plication. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993; 177:620-1. [PMID: 8266276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Maxson
- University of Arkansas For Medical Sciences, Little Rock
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Hearnsberger J, Ziomek S, Tobler G, Maxson T, VanDevanter S, Harrell JE. Management of cold agglutinemia with warm heart surgical intervention: a case report. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 106:756-7. [PMID: 8412276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Hearnsberger J, Ziomek S, Tobler G, Maxson T, VanDevanter S, Harrell JE. Management of cold agglutinemia with warm heart surgical intervention: A case report. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(19)33728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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