Bioelectromagnetic effects measurements - SAR and induced current

The paper discusses several theoretical and practical aspects of the application of currents flowing through the body of a radiotelephone operator and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). SAR is known as the physical quantity which is a perfect solution for biological experiments. Unfortunately, SAR cannot be measured directly. Contrary to SAR, which is limited to the penetration depth, a current induced in a point of a body is measurable in any other point of the body. The main objective of this paper is to show that the current induced in a human body when using a radiotelephone or mobile phone is significant and should be analyzed as widely as SAR is. Computer simulations of a human's hand with a radiotelephone were made. Experiments were also conducted. The results of the experiments show that induced current is also as important as SAR and it cannot be omitted in bioelectromagnetic experiments. In biomedical studies both parameters: induced current and SAR play a major role.

Influence of quasi-spherical polarization on results of bioelectromagnetic studies

One of the most interesting questions in bioelectromagnetic and compatibility studies is differences between results of experiments performed in different labs in "identical" conditions, especially in bioelectromagnetics studies. A reason of these differences may be due to differences in investigated objects, particularly in in vivo experiments. However, the author, as engineer, would like to focus the readers' attention on the technical aspects of exposure systems namely: presence and role of mutual interaction between the object under test and the exposure system, interaction between exposure objects, the role of polarization and the similarity of real-life exposure to those applied in experiments, etc. All these factors may change the results of experiments and lead to false conclusions.

Uncertainity analysis of selected sources of errors in bioelectromagnetic investigations

The aim of this paper is to focus attention of experimenters on several sources of error that are not taken into account in the majority of bioelectromagnetics experiments, and which may lead to complete falsification of the results of the experiments.

Exposure systems for bioelectromagnetic experiments

One of the most interesting questions in bioelectromagnetics is why there is a difference between results of experiments performed in various labs in "identical" conditions. One of the possible reasons is the difference of investigated objects, especially while performing experiments in vivo. However, the authors, as engineers, would like to focus readers' attention on the technical aspects of exposure systems, especially the presence and role of mutual interaction between biological objects under test (OUT) and the exposure system, the interactions between the objects, the role of polarization, the similarity of real exposure to that applied in experiments etc. All these factors may alter the results of experiments and lead to false conclusions.

A new solution for biomedical experiments

This article discusses mutual interactions phenomena especially in the case of Transverse ElectroMagnetic (TEM) cell applications as an exposure system in technical and biomedical studies. Problem of mutual interactions between tested objects placed in the electromagnetic field (EMF) is described. A new device for exposure system is presented. Its role is elimination of mentioned harmful phenomenon that leads to falsifications of results.