1
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Dechering KJ, Timmerman M, Rensen K, Koolen KMJ, Honarnejad S, Vos MW, Huijs T, Henderson RWM, Chenu E, Laleu B, Montefiore BC, Segall MD, Mills JEJ, Guantai EM, Duffy J, Duffey M. Replenishing the malaria drug discovery pipeline: Screening and hit evaluation of the MMV Hit Generation Library 1 (HGL1) against asexual blood stage Plasmodium falciparum, using a nano luciferase reporter read-out. SLAS Discov 2022; 27:337-348. [PMID: 35872229 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A central challenge of antimalarial therapy is the emergence of resistance to the components of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) and the urgent need for new drugs acting through novel mechanism of action. Over the last decade, compounds identified in phenotypic high throughput screens (HTS) have provided the starting point for six candidate drugs currently in the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) clinical development portfolio. However, the published screening data which provided much of the new chemical matter for malaria drug discovery projects have been extensively mined. Here we present a new screening and selection cascade for generation of hit compounds active against the blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, we validate our approach by testing a library of 141,786 compounds not reported earlier as being tested against malaria. The Hit Generation Library 1 (HGL1) was designed to maximise the chemical diversity and novelty of compounds with physicochemical properties associated with potential for further development. A robust HTS cascade containing orthogonal efficacy and cytotoxicity assays, including a newly developed and validated nanoluciferase-based assay was used to profile the compounds. 75 compounds (Screening Active hit rate of 0.05%) were identified meeting our stringent selection criteria of potency in drug sensitive (NF54) and drug resistant (Dd2) parasite strains (IC50 ≤ 2 µM), rapid speed of action and cell viability in HepG2 cells (IC50 ≥ 10 µM). Following further profiling, 33 compounds were identified that meet the MMV Confirmed Active profile and are high quality starting points for new antimalarial drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen J Dechering
- TropIQ Health Sciences, Transistorweg 5, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kim Rensen
- Pivot Park Screening Centre, Oss, North Brabant, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M J Koolen
- TropIQ Health Sciences, Transistorweg 5, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saman Honarnejad
- Pivot Park Screening Centre, Oss, North Brabant, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn W Vos
- TropIQ Health Sciences, Transistorweg 5, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tonnie Huijs
- TropIQ Health Sciences, Transistorweg 5, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob W M Henderson
- TropIQ Health Sciences, Transistorweg 5, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elodie Chenu
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pré-Bois 20, PO Box 1826, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Laleu
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pré-Bois 20, PO Box 1826, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Bailey C Montefiore
- Optibrium, F5-6 Blenheim House, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9PB, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Segall
- Optibrium, F5-6 Blenheim House, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9PB, United Kingdom
| | - James E J Mills
- Sandexis Medicinal Chemistry Ltd, Innovation House, Discovery Park, Sandwich, CT13 9FF, United Kingdom
| | - Eric M Guantai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, 00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Duffy
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pré-Bois 20, PO Box 1826, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Maëlle Duffey
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pré-Bois 20, PO Box 1826, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland.
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2
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de Vries LE, Jansen PAM, Barcelo C, Munro J, Verhoef JMJ, Pasaje CFA, Rubiano K, Striepen J, Abla N, Berning L, Bolscher JM, Demarta-Gatsi C, Henderson RWM, Huijs T, Koolen KMJ, Tumwebaze PK, Yeo T, Aguiar ACC, Angulo-Barturen I, Churchyard A, Baum J, Fernández BC, Fuchs A, Gamo FJ, Guido RVC, Jiménez-Diaz MB, Pereira DB, Rochford R, Roesch C, Sanz LM, Trevitt G, Witkowski B, Wittlin S, Cooper RA, Rosenthal PJ, Sauerwein RW, Schalkwijk J, Hermkens PHH, Bonnert RV, Campo B, Fidock DA, Llinás M, Niles JC, Kooij TWA, Dechering KJ. Preclinical characterization and target validation of the antimalarial pantothenamide MMV693183. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2158. [PMID: 35444200 PMCID: PMC9021288 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance and a dire lack of transmission-blocking antimalarials hamper malaria elimination. Here, we present the pantothenamide MMV693183 as a first-in-class acetyl-CoA synthetase (AcAS) inhibitor to enter preclinical development. Our studies demonstrate attractive drug-like properties and in vivo efficacy in a humanized mouse model of Plasmodium falciparum infection. The compound shows single digit nanomolar in vitro activity against P. falciparum and P. vivax clinical isolates, and potently blocks P. falciparum transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes. Genetic and biochemical studies identify AcAS as the target of the MMV693183-derived antimetabolite, CoA-MMV693183. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling predict that a single 30 mg oral dose is sufficient to cure a malaria infection in humans. Toxicology studies in rats indicate a > 30-fold safety margin in relation to the predicted human efficacious exposure. In conclusion, MMV693183 represents a promising candidate for further (pre)clinical development with a novel mode of action for treatment of malaria and blocking transmission. Here, de Vries et al. perform a pre-clinical characterization of the antimalarial compound MMV693183: the compound targets acetyl-CoA synthetase, has efficacy in humanized mice against Plasmodium falciparum infection, blocks transmission to mosquito vectors, is safe in rats, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling informs about a potential oral human dosing regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E de Vries
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick A M Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Justin Munro
- Department of Chemistry and Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Julie M J Verhoef
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kelly Rubiano
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josefine Striepen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nada Abla
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luuk Berning
- TropIQ Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Tonnie Huijs
- TropIQ Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tomas Yeo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna C C Aguiar
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alisje Churchyard
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Baum
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aline Fuchs
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Rafael V C Guido
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Dhelio B Pereira
- Research Center for Tropical Medicine of Rondonia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Camille Roesch
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,Malaria Translational Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris & Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Laura M Sanz
- Global Health, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Benoit Witkowski
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,Malaria Translational Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris & Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Cooper
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA, USA
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,TropIQ Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Brice Campo
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Llinás
- Department of Chemistry and Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jacquin C Niles
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taco W A Kooij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Siciliano G, Di Paolo V, Rotili D, Migale R, Pedini F, Casella M, Camerini S, Dalzoppo D, Henderson R, Huijs T, Dechering KJ, Mai A, Caccuri AM, Lalle M, Quintieri L, Alano P. The Nitrobenzoxadiazole Derivative NBDHEX Behaves as Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Selective Inhibitor with Malaria Parasite Transmission Blocking Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020168. [PMID: 35215282 PMCID: PMC8875241 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes the activity of 6-((7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)thio)hexan-1-ol (NBDHEX) and of its newly identified carboxylic acid metabolite on the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. NBDHEX has been previously identified as a potent cytotoxic agent against murine and human cancer cells as well as towards the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis. We show here that NBDHEX is active in vitro against all blood stages of P. falciparum, with the rare feature of killing the parasite stages transmissible to mosquitoes, the gametocytes, with a 4-fold higher potency than that on the pathogenic asexual stages. This activity importantly translates into blocking parasite transmission through the Anopheles vector in mosquito experimental infections. A mass spectrometry analysis identified covalent NBDHEX modifications in specific cysteine residues of five gametocyte proteins, possibly associated with its antiparasitic effect. The carboxylic acid metabolite of NBDHEX retains the gametocyte preferential inhibitory activity of the parent compound, making this novel P. falciparum transmission-blocking chemotype at least as a new tool to uncover biological processes targetable by gametocyte selective drugs. Both NBDHEX and its carboxylic acid metabolite show very limited in vitro cytotoxicity on VERO cells. This result and previous evidence that NBDHEX shows an excellent in vivo safety profile in mice and is orally active against human cancer xenografts make these molecules potential starting points to develop new P. falciparum transmission-blocking agents, enriching the repertoire of drugs needed to eliminate malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Siciliano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Veronica Di Paolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (V.D.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Rossella Migale
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Francesca Pedini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marialuisa Casella
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Serena Camerini
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Daniele Dalzoppo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (V.D.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Rob Henderson
- TropIQ Health Sciences, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.H.); (T.H.); (K.J.D.)
| | - Tonnie Huijs
- TropIQ Health Sciences, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.H.); (T.H.); (K.J.D.)
| | - Koen J. Dechering
- TropIQ Health Sciences, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.H.); (T.H.); (K.J.D.)
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Caccuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Lalle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (L.Q.); (P.A.)
| | - Luigi Quintieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (V.D.P.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (L.Q.); (P.A.)
| | - Pietro Alano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (L.Q.); (P.A.)
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4
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Shieh A, Ma C, Chun RF, Wittwer-Schegg J, Swinkels L, Huijs T, Wang J, Donangelo I, Hewison M, Adams JS. Associations Between Change in Total and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D With 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3368-3375. [PMID: 29931358 PMCID: PMC6126886 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The physiologic role of free 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in humans is unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess whether rise in total vs free 25(OH)D is associated with change in downstream biomarkers of 25(OH)D entry into target cells in kidney and parathyroid: 24,25-dihyroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] and PTH, respectively. DESIGN 16-week randomized controlled trial. INTERVENTION 60 μg (2400 IU)/d of D3 or 20 μg/d of 25(OH)D3. SETTING Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS 35 adults age ≥18 years with 25(OH)D levels < 20 ng/mL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 24,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and PTH. RESULTS At baseline, participants [D3 and 25(OH)D3 groups combined] were 35.1 ± 10.6 years. Mean total 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D, and PTH were 16.6 ng/mL, 4.6 pg/mL, 1.3 ng/mL, and 37.2 pg/mL, respectively. From 0 to 4 weeks, rise in only free 25(OH)D was associated with a concurrent 24,25(OH)2D increase [P = 0.03, adjusted for change in 1,25(OH)2D and supplementation regimen] and PTH decrease (P = 0.01, adjusted for change in calcium and supplementation regimen). Between 4 and 8 weeks, and again from 8 to 16 weeks, rises in free and total 25(OH)D were associated with 24,25(OH)2D increase; in contrast, rise in neither total nor free 25(OH)D was associated with PTH decrease during these time periods. CONCLUSIONS Early rise in free 25(OH)D during treatment of vitamin D deficiency was more strongly associated with changes in biomarkers of 25(OH)D entry into target kidney and parathyroid cells, suggesting a physiologic role of free 25(OH)D in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Shieh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Albert Shieh, MD, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, 10945 Le Conte, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, California 90095-1687. E-mail:
| | - Christina Ma
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rene F Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ines Donangelo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - John S Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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5
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Shieh A, Ma C, Chun RF, Witzel S, Rafison B, Contreras HTM, Wittwer-Schegg J, Swinkels L, Huijs T, Hewison M, Adams JS. Effects of Cholecalciferol vs Calcifediol on Total and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1133-1140. [PMID: 28187226 PMCID: PMC5460735 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D deficiency disproportionately affects nonwhite individuals. Controversy persists over how to best restore low 25D levels, and how to best define vitamin D status [total (protein bound plus free) vs free 25D]. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, or D3) vs 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (calcifediol, or 25D3) on total and free 25D in a multiethnic cohort of adults, and whether change in parathyroid hormone (PTH) is more strongly associated with total vs free 25D. DESIGN Sixteen-week randomized controlled trial. Biochemistries at 0, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. SETTING Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-five adults ≥18 years of age with 25D levels <20 ng/mL. INTERVENTION Sixty micrograms (2400 IU)/d of D3 or 20 μg/d of 25D3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total and free 25D, and PTH. RESULTS Baseline total (16.2 ± 3.7 vs 17.0 ± 2.5 ng/mL; P = 0.4) and free (4.2 ± 0.8 vs 4.7 ± 1.0 pg/mL; P = 0.2) 25D were similar between D3 and 25D3 groups, respectively; 25D3 increased total (+25.5 vs +13.8 ng/mL; P = 0.001) and free (+6.6 vs +3.5 pg/mL; P = 0.03) 25D more than D3. By 4 weeks, 87.5% of 25D3 participants had total 25D levels ≥30 ng/mL, compared with 23.1% of D3 participants (P = 0.001). Change in PTH was associated with both total (P = 0.01) and free 25D (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS 25D3 increased total and free 25D levels more rapidly than D3, regardless of race/ethnicity. Free and total 25D were similarly associated with change in PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Ma
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leon Swinkels
- Future Diagnostics, 6603 BN Wijchen, the Netherlands
| | - Tonnie Huijs
- Future Diagnostics, 6603 BN Wijchen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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6
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Chun RF, Hernandez I, Pereira R, Swinkles L, Huijs T, Zhou R, Liu NQ, Shieh A, Guemes M, Mallya SM, Adams JS, Hewison M. Differential Responses to Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Are Associated With Variations in Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3420-30. [PMID: 27399876 PMCID: PMC5007893 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25D) circulates bound primarily to serum vitamin D binding protein (DBP), with DBP showing higher binding affinity for 25D3 than 25D2. We therefore hypothesized that vitamin D2 (D2) promotes higher serum levels of unbound 25D (free 25D), with different functional responses, relative to vitamin D3 (D3). Week 3 C56BL/6 mice were placed on diets containing either D2 or D3 alone (both 1000 IU/kg). At week 8 and week 16, D2 mice had only 25D2 in circulation (26.6 ± 1.9 and 33.3 ± 4.4 ng/mL), and D3 mice had only 25D3 (28.3 ± 2.0 and 31.7 ± 2.1 ng/mL). At week 8 (44.5 ± 6.4 vs 62.4 ± 11.6 pg/mL, P < .05) and week 16 (78.4 ± 12.6 vs 95.5 ± 11.6), D2 mice had lower serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D relative to D3 mice. By contrast, measured free 25D was significantly higher in D2 mice at week 8 (16.8 ± 0.65 vs 8.4 ± 0.63 pg/mL, P < .001) and week 16 (17.4 ± 0.43 vs 8.4 ± 0.44, P < .001). A two-way ANOVA of bone histomorphometry showed that week 8 D2 mice had significantly higher osteoclast surface/bone surface, eroded surface/bone surface, and mineral apposition rate compared with D3 mice. Osteoblast surface/bone surface was higher in week 8 D2 females but not week 8 D2 males. At week 16, D2 mice had significantly higher bone volume/total volume and trabecular number compared with D3 mice. Differences in bone phenotype were observed despite D2 mice reaching similar serum 25D levels and lower 1,25D levels compared with D3 mice. These data indicate that 25D2 binds less well to DBP than 25D3, with resulting higher levels of free 25D promoting differential effects on bone in mice exposed to D2 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene F Chun
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Hernandez
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Pereira
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Swinkles
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
| | - Tonnie Huijs
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Zhou
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy Q Liu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Shieh
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Guemes
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay M Mallya
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
| | - John S Adams
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Hewison
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., R.Z., N.Q.L., A.S., J.S.A., M.H.), and Pediatric Nephrology (R.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (M.G., S.M.M.), UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (I.H., M.H.), The University of Birmingham, and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.H.), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), Wijchen 6603 BN, The Netherlands
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Shieh A, Chun RF, Ma C, Witzel S, Meyer B, Rafison B, Swinkels L, Huijs T, Pepkowitz S, Holmquist B, Hewison M, Adams JS. Effects of High-Dose Vitamin D2 Versus D3 on Total and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Markers of Calcium Balance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3070-8. [PMID: 27192696 PMCID: PMC4971338 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Controversy persists over: 1) how best to restore low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) levels (vitamin D2 [D2] vs vitamin D3 [D3]); 2) how best to define vitamin D status (total [protein-bound + free] vs free 25D); and 3) how best to assess the bioactivity of free 25D. OBJECTIVE To assess: 1) the effects of D2 vs D3 on serum total and free 25D; and 2) whether change in intact PTH (iPTH) is more strongly associated with change in total vs free 25D. DESIGN Participants previously enrolled in a D2 vs D3 trial were matched for age, body mass index, and race/ethnicity. Participants received 50 000 IU of D2 or D3 twice weekly for 5 weeks, followed by a 5-week equilibration period. Biochemical assessment was performed at baseline and at 10 weeks. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Thirty-eight adults (19 D2 and 19 D3) ≥18 years of age with baseline 25D levels <30 ng/mL were recruited from an academic ambulatory osteoporosis clinic. OUTCOME MEASURES Serum measures were total 25D, free 25D (directly measured), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and iPTH. Urine measure was fasting calcium:creatinine ratio. RESULTS Baseline total (22.2 ± 3.3 vs 23.3 ± 7.2 ng/mL; P = .5) and free (5.4 ± 0.8 vs 5.3 ± 1.7 pg/mL; P = .8) 25D levels were similar between D2 and D3 groups. Increases in total (+27.6 vs +12.2 ng/mL; P = .001) and free (+3.6 vs +6.2 pg/mL; P = .02) 25D levels were greater with D3 vs D2. Percentage change in iPTH was significantly associated with change in free (but not total) 25D, without and with adjustment for supplementation regimen, change in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and change in calcium. CONCLUSIONS D3 increased total and free 25D levels to a greater extent than D2. Free 25D may be superior to total 25D as a marker of vitamin D bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Shieh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rene F Chun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sten Witzel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Briana Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon Rafison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Swinkels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tonnie Huijs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Pepkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Brett Holmquist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Hewison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - John S Adams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics (A.S.), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.F.C., S.W., B.M., B.R., J.S.A.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.M.), Los Angeles, California 90095; Future Diagnostics (L.S., T.H.), 6603 BN Wijchen, The Netherlands; Esoterix, Inc. (S.P., B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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van den Berk LCJ, Roelofs H, Huijs T, Siebers-Vermeulen KGC, Raymakers RA, Kögler G, Figdor CG, Torensma R. Cord blood mesenchymal stem cells propel human dendritic cells to an intermediate maturation state and boost interleukin-12 production by mature dendritic cells. Immunology 2010; 128:564-72. [PMID: 19930046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-derived entities force the tissue-resident dendritic cells (DCs) towards a mature state, followed by migration to the draining lymph node to present antigens to T cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate the differentiation, maturation and function of DCs. In umbilical cord blood an immature MSC population was identified. Remarkably, these immature stem cells modulated DCs in a different way. Marker expression was unchanged during the differentiation of monocytes towards immature DCs (iDCs) when cocultured with cord blood MSC [unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs)]. The maturation to mature DCs (mDCs) was enhanced when DCs were co-cultured with USSC, as evidenced by the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules. Endocytosis of dextran by iDCs was hampered in the presence of USSCs, which is indicative for the maturation of iDCs. Despite this maturation, the migration of iDCs cocultured with USSCs appeared to be identical to iDCs cultured alone. However, USSCs increased the migration of mDCs towards CCL21 and boosted interleukin-12 production. So, USSCs mature iDCs, thereby redirecting the antigen-uptake phenotype towards a mature phenotype. Furthermore, DC maturation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or USSCs reflects two distinct pathways because migration was unaffected when iDCs were matured by coculture with USSCs, while it was strongly enhanced in the presence of LPS. DCs are able to discriminate the different MSC subtypes, resulting in diverse differentiation programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke C J van den Berk
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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den Dekker E, Grefte S, Huijs T, ten Dam GB, Versteeg EMM, van den Berk LCJ, Bladergroen BA, van Kuppevelt TH, Figdor CG, Torensma R. Monocyte Cell Surface Glycosaminoglycans Positively Modulate IL-4-Induced Differentiation toward Dendritic Cells. J Immunol 2008; 180:3680-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.6.3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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