1
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Ito T, Xu X, Miyake A, Kinoshita Y, Nagasako M, Takahashi K, Omori T, Tokunaga M, Kainuma R. Pd 2 MnGa Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloy with Small Energy Loss. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207779. [PMID: 37309306 PMCID: PMC10427369 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metamagnetic shape memory alloys (MMSMAs) are attractive functional materials owing to their unique properties such as magnetostrain, magnetoresistance, and the magnetocaloric effect caused by magnetic-field-induced transitions. However, the energy loss during the martensitic transformation, that is, the dissipation energy, Edis , is sometimes large for these alloys, which limits their applications. In this paper, a new Pd2 MnGa Heusler-type MMSMA with an extremely small Edis and hysteresis is reported. The microstructures, crystal structures, magnetic properties, martensitic transformations, and magnetic-field-induced strain of aged Pd2 MnGa alloys are investigated. A martensitic transformation from L21 to 10M structures is seen at 127.4 K with a small thermal hysteresis of 1.3 K. The reverse martensitic transformation is induced by applying a magnetic field with a small Edis (= 0.3 J mol-1 only) and a small magnetic-field hysteresis (= 7 kOe) at 120 K. The low values of Edis and the hysteresis may be attributed to good lattice compatibility in the martensitic transformation. A large magnetic-field-induced strain of 0.26% is recorded, indicating the proposed MMSMA's potential as an actuator. The Pd2 MnGa alloy with low values of Edis and hysteresis may enable new possibilities for high-efficiency MMSMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ito
- Department of Materials ScienceGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAoba‐yama 6‐6‐02Sendai980‐8579Japan
- Present address:
J‐PARC CenterJapan Atomic Energy AgencyShirakata 2‐4Tokai319‐1195Japan
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Materials ScienceGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAoba‐yama 6‐6‐02Sendai980‐8579Japan
- Organization for Advanced StudiesTohoku UniversityKatahira 2‐1‐1Sendai980‐8577Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyake
- The Institute for Solid State PhysicsThe University of TokyoKashiwanoha 5‐1‐5Kashiwa277‐8581Japan
- Present address:
Institute for Materials ResearchTohoku UniversityKatahira 2‐1‐1Sendai980‐8577Japan
| | - Yuto Kinoshita
- The Institute for Solid State PhysicsThe University of TokyoKashiwanoha 5‐1‐5Kashiwa277‐8581Japan
| | - Makoto Nagasako
- Institute for Materials ResearchTohoku UniversityKatahira 2‐1‐1Sendai980‐8577Japan
| | - Kohki Takahashi
- Institute for Materials ResearchTohoku UniversityKatahira 2‐1‐1Sendai980‐8577Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Materials ScienceGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAoba‐yama 6‐6‐02Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Masashi Tokunaga
- The Institute for Solid State PhysicsThe University of TokyoKashiwanoha 5‐1‐5Kashiwa277‐8581Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kainuma
- Department of Materials ScienceGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAoba‐yama 6‐6‐02Sendai980‐8579Japan
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2
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Katoh TA, Omori T, Ishikawa T, Okada Y, Hamada H. Biophysical Analysis of Mechanical Signals in Immotile Cilia of Mouse Embryonic Nodes Using Advanced Microscopic Techniques. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4715. [PMID: 37497447 PMCID: PMC10366680 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immotile cilia of crown cells at the node of mouse embryos are required for sensing leftward fluid flow that gives rise to the breaking of left-right (L-R) symmetry. The flow-sensing mechanism has long remained elusive, mainly because of difficulties inherent in manipulating and precisely analyzing the cilium. Recent progress in optical microscopy and biophysical analysis has allowed us to study the mechanical signals involving primary cilia. In this study, we used high-resolution imaging with mechanical modeling to assess the membrane tension in a single cilium. Optical tweezers, a technique used to trap sub-micron-sized particles with a highly focused laser beam, allowed us to manipulate individual cilia. Super-resolution microscopy allowed us to discern the precise localization of ciliary proteins. Using this protocol, we provide a method for applying these techniques to cilia in mouse embryonic nodes. This method is widely applicable to the determination of mechanical signals in other cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu A. Katoh
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physics, Universal Biology Institute and International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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3
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Katoh TA, Omori T, Mizuno K, Itabashi T, Iwane AH, Ishikawa T, Okada Y, Nishizaka T, Hamada H. Mouse nodal immotile cilia sense bending direction for left-right determination: Mechanical regulation in initiation of symmetry breaking. Biophys J 2023; 122:86a. [PMID: 36785055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu A Katoh
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe-shi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasushi Okada
- RIKEN BDR, Suita-shi, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Science, Universal Biology Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and International Research Center for Neurointelligence, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Hamada
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe-shi, Japan
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Katoh TA, Omori T, Mizuno K, Sai X, Minegishi K, Ikawa Y, Nishimura H, Itabashi T, Kajikawa E, Hiver S, Iwane AH, Ishikawa T, Okada Y, Nishizaka T, Hamada H. Immotile cilia mechanically sense the direction of fluid flow for left-right determination. Science 2023; 379:66-71. [PMID: 36603091 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq8148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immotile cilia at the ventral node of mouse embryos are required for sensing leftward fluid flow that breaks left-right symmetry of the body. However, the flow-sensing mechanism has long remained elusive. In this work, we show that immotile cilia at the node undergo asymmetric deformation along the dorsoventral axis in response to the flow. Application of mechanical stimuli to immotile cilia by optical tweezers induced calcium ion transients and degradation of Dand5 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the targeted cells. The Pkd2 channel protein was preferentially localized to the dorsal side of immotile cilia, and calcium ion transients were preferentially induced by mechanical stimuli directed toward the ventral side. Our results uncover the biophysical mechanism by which immotile cilia at the node sense the direction of fluid flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu A Katoh
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Mizuno
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Xiaorei Sai
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Katsura Minegishi
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Ikawa
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishimura
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Itabashi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eriko Kajikawa
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sylvain Hiver
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsuko H Iwane
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology and Physics, Universal Biology Institute and International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nishizaka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Odaira T, Xu S, Hirata K, Xu X, Omori T, Ueki K, Ueda K, Narushima T, Nagasako M, Harjo S, Kawasaki T, Bodnárová L, Sedlák P, Seiner H, Kainuma R. Flexible and Tough Superelastic Co-Cr Alloys for Biomedical Applications. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2202305. [PMID: 35534436 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The demand for biomaterials has been increasing along with the increase in the population of elderly people worldwide. The mechanical properties and high wear resistance of metallic biomaterials make them well-suited for use as substitutes or as support for damaged hard tissues. However, unless these biomaterials also have a low Young's modulus similar to that of human bones, bone atrophy inevitably occurs. Because a low Young's modulus is typically associated with poor wear resistance, it is difficult to realize a low Young's modulus and high wear resistance simultaneously. Also, the superelastic property of shape-memory alloys makes them suitable for biomedical applications, like vascular stents and guide wires. However, due to the low recoverable strain of conventional biocompatible shape-memory alloys, the demand for a new alloy system is high. The novel body-centered-cubic cobalt-chromium-based alloys in this work provide a solution to both of these problems. The Young's modulus of <001>-oriented single-crystal cobalt-chromium-based alloys is 10-30 GPa, which is similar to that of human bone, and they also demonstrate high wear and corrosion resistance. They also exhibit superelasticity with a huge recoverable strain up to 17.0%. For these reasons, the novel cobalt-chromium-based alloys can be promising candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Odaira
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-02, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-02, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirata
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-02, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-02, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-02, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ueki
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-02, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Ueda
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-02, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takayuki Narushima
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-02, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagasako
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Stefanus Harjo
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takuro Kawasaki
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Lucie Bodnárová
- The Institute of Thermomechanics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 5, Prague 8, 182 00, the Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sedlák
- The Institute of Thermomechanics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 5, Prague 8, 182 00, the Czech Republic
| | - Hanuš Seiner
- The Institute of Thermomechanics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 5, Prague 8, 182 00, the Czech Republic
| | - Ryosuke Kainuma
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-02, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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Omori T, Munakata S, Ishikawa T. Self-sustaining oscillation of two axonemal microtubules based on a stochastic bonding model between microtubules and dynein. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:014402. [PMID: 35974562 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.014402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The motility of cilia and flagella plays important physiological roles, and there has been a great deal of research on the mechanisms underlying the motility of molecular motors. Although recent molecular structural analyses have revealed the components of the ciliary axoneme, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of dynein activity are still unknown, and how multiple dyneins coordinate their movements remains unclear. In particular, the mode of binding for axonemal dynein has not been elucidated. In this study, we constructed a thermodynamic stochastic model of microtubule-dynein coupling and reproduced the experiments of Aoyama and Kamiya on the minimal component of axonemal microtubule-dynein. We then identified the binding mode of axonemal dynein and clarified the relationship between dynein activity distribution and axonemal movement. Based on our numerical results, the slip-bond mechanism agrees quantitatively with the experimental results in terms of amplitude, frequency, and propagation velocity, implying that axial microtubule-dynein coupling may follow a slip-bond mechanism. Moreover, the frequency and propagation velocity decayed in proportion to the fourth power of microtubule length, and the critical load of the trigger for the oscillation agreed well with Euler's critical load.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Omori
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - S Munakata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
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7
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Ishikawa T, Morita T, Omori T. Soft Microswimmer Powered by Fluid Oscillation. JRM 2022. [DOI: 10.20965/jrm.2022.p0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this letter, we review the results of our recent studies on a soft microswimmer powered by fluid oscillations. The microswimmer consists of an elastic membrane with a prolate spheroidal reference shape containing a rigid sphere. The swimming direction can be controlled by appropriately applying fluid oscillations. The obtained knowledge will be useful for future artificial microswimmer designs.
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Abstract
Bacterial biofilms, which can be found wherever there is water and a substrate, can cause chronic infections and clogging of industrial flow systems. Despite intensive investigation of the dynamics and rheological properties of biofilms, the impact of their rheological properties on streamer growth remains unknown. We numerically simulated biofilm growth in a pillar-flow and investigated the effects of rheological properties of a filamentous flow-shaped biofilm, called a 'streamer', on its formation by varying the viscoelasticity. The flow-field is assumed to be a Stokes flow and is solved by a boundary element method. A Maxwell model is used for extracellular matrix-mediated streamer growth to express the fluidity of streamer formations. Both high elastic modulus and viscosity are needed for streamer formation, and high viscosity promotes streamer growth at low cell concentrations. Our findings are consistent with experimental observations and can explain the relationship between the cell concentrations and viscosity at which streamers form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kitamura
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Takeishi N, Yamashita H, Omori T, Yokoyama N, Sugihara-Seki M. Axial and Nonaxial Migration of Red Blood Cells in a Microtube. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:mi12101162. [PMID: 34683214 PMCID: PMC8541681 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human red blood cells (RBCs) are subjected to high viscous shear stress, especially during microcirculation, resulting in stable deformed shapes such as parachute or slipper shape. Those unique deformed RBC shapes, accompanied with axial or nonaxial migration, cannot be fully described according to traditional knowledge about lateral movement of deformable spherical particles. Although several experimental and numerical studies have investigated RBC behavior in microchannels with similar diameters as RBCs, the detailed mechanical characteristics of RBC lateral movement—in particular, regarding the relationship between stable deformed shapes, equilibrium radial RBC position, and membrane load—has not yet been fully described. Thus, we numerically investigated the behavior of single RBCs with radii of 4 μm in a circular microchannel with diameters of 15 μm. Flow was assumed to be almost inertialess. The problem was characterized by the capillary number, which is the ratio between fluid viscous force and membrane elastic force. The power (or energy dissipation) associated with membrane deformations was introduced to quantify the state of membrane loads. Simulations were performed with different capillary numbers, viscosity ratios of the internal to external fluids of RBCs, and initial RBC centroid positions. Our numerical results demonstrated that axial or nonaxial migration of RBC depended on the stable deformed RBC shapes, and the equilibrium radial position of the RBC centroid correlated well with energy expenditure associated with membrane deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takeishi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.S.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-6-6850-6173
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.S.-S.)
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan;
| | - Naoto Yokoyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahi, Adachi, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan;
| | - Masako Sugihara-Seki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.S.-S.)
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Japan
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Terashima M, Sano T, Mizusawa J, Uemura K, Tokunaga M, Omori T, Cho H, Hasegawa Y, Akiyama Y, Tsujitani H, Kawashima Y, Kawachi Y, Lee S, Boku N, Yoshikawa T, Sasako M. 1417P Prediction of the peritoneal recurrence by macroscopic diagnosis of the serosal invasion in gastric cancer: Supplementary analysis of JCOG0110 study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Yamasaki M, Takiguchi S, Omori T, Hirao M, Imamura H, Fujitani K, Tamura S, Akamaru Y, Kishi K, Fujita J, Hirao T, Demura K, Matsuyama J, Takeno A, Ebisui C, Takachi K, Takayama O, Fukunaga H, Okada K, Adachi S, Fukuda S, Matsuura N, Saito T, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Yano M, Eguchi H, Doki Y. Multicenter prospective trial of total gastrectomy versus proximal gastrectomy for upper third cT1 gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:535-543. [PMID: 33118118 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appropriate surgical procedure for patients with upper third early gastric cancer is controversial. We compared total gastrectomy (TG) with proximal gastrectomy (PG) in this patient population. METHODS A multicenter, non-randomized trial was conducted, with patients treated with PG or TG. We compared short- and long-term outcomes between these procedures. RESULTS Between 2009 and 2014, we enrolled 254 patients from 22 institutions; data from 252 were included in the analysis. These 252 patients were assigned to either the PG (n = 159) or TG (n = 93) group. Percentage of body weight loss (%BWL) at 1 year after surgery, i.e., the primary endpoint, in the PG group was significantly less than that of the TG group (- 12.8% versus - 16.9%; p = 0.0001). For short-term outcomes, operation time was significantly shorter for PG than TG (252 min versus 303 min; p < 0.0001), but there were no group-dependent differences in blood loss and postoperative complications. For long-term outcomes, incidence of reflux esophagitis in the PG group was significantly higher than that of the TG group (14.5% versus 5.4%; p = 0.02), while there were no differences in the incidence of anastomotic stenosis between the two (5.7% versus 5.4%; p = 0.92). Overall patient survival rates were similar between the two groups (3-year survival rates: 96% versus 92% in the PG and TG groups, respectively; p = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS Patients who underwent PG were better able to control weight loss without worsening the prognosis, relative to those in the TG group. Optimization of a reconstruction method to reduce reflux in PG patients will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0879, Japan.
| | - S Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Omori
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Hirao
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Imamura
- Department of Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Fujitani
- Department of Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Tamura
- Department of Surgery, Yao Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Akamaru
- Department of Surgery, Ikeda Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Kishi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - J Fujita
- Department of Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Hirao
- Department of Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Demura
- Department of Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - J Matsuyama
- Department of Surgery, Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Takeno
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - C Ebisui
- Department of Surgery, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Takachi
- Department of Surgery, Kinki Central Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - O Takayama
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Senri Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Fukunaga
- Department of Surgery, Itami Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Okada
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - S Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Nishinomiya Municipal Central Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - S Fukuda
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0879, Japan
| | - T Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0879, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0879, Japan
| | - Y Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0879, Japan
| | - M Yano
- Department of Surgery, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0879, Japan
| | - Y Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0879, Japan
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12
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Ishikawa T, Omori T, Kikuchi K. Bacterial biomechanics-From individual behaviors to biofilm and the gut flora. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041504. [PMID: 33163845 PMCID: PMC7595747 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria inhabit a variety of locations and play important roles in the environment and health. Our understanding of bacterial biomechanics has improved markedly in the last decade and has revealed that biomechanics play a significant role in microbial biology. The obtained knowledge has enabled investigation of complex phenomena, such as biofilm formation and the dynamics of the gut flora. A bottom-up strategy, i.e., from the cellular to the macroscale, facilitates understanding of macroscopic bacterial phenomena. In this Review, we first cover the biomechanics of individual bacteria in the bulk liquid and on surfaces as the base of complex phenomena. The collective behaviors of bacteria in simple environments are next introduced. We then introduce recent advances in biofilm biomechanics, in which adhesion force and the flow environment play crucial roles. We also review transport phenomena in the intestine and the dynamics of the gut flora, focusing on that in zebrafish. Finally, we provide an overview of the future prospects for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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13
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Huang Z, Omori T, Ishikawa T. Active droplet driven by a collective motion of enclosed microswimmers. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:022603. [PMID: 32942463 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.022603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Active fluids containing self-propelled particles are relevant for applications such as self-mixing, micropumping, and targeted drug delivery. With a confined boundary, active fluids can generate bulk flow inside the system, which has the potential to create self-propelled active matter. In this study, we propose that an active droplet is driven by a collective motion of enclosed microswimmers. We show that the droplet migrates via the flow field generated by the enclosed microswimmers; moreover, the locomotion direction depends on the swimming mode of these internal particles. The locomotion mechanism of the droplet can be well explained by interfacial velocity, and the locomotion velocity shows good agreement with the Lighthill-Blake theory. These findings are essential to understand the interplay between the motion of self-propelled particles and the bulk motion response of active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Huang
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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14
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Xia J, Noguchi Y, Xu X, Odaira T, Kimura Y, Nagasako M, Omori T, Kainuma R. Iron-based superelastic alloys with near-constant critical stress temperature dependence. Science 2020; 369:855-858. [PMID: 32792400 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Shape memory alloys recover their original shape after deformation, making them useful for a variety of specialized applications. Superelastic behavior begins at the critical stress, which tends to increase with increasing temperature for metal shape memory alloys. Temperature dependence is a common feature that often restricts the use of metal shape memory alloys in applications. We discovered an iron-based superelastic alloy system in which the critical stress can be optimized. Our Fe-Mn-Al-Cr-Ni alloys have a controllable temperature dependence that goes from positive to negative, depending on the chromium content. This phenomenon includes a temperature-invariant stress dependence. This behavior is highly desirable for a range of outer space-based and other applications that involve large temperature fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xia
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuki Noguchi
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takumi Odaira
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuta Kimura
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagasako
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Kainuma
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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15
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Morita T, Omori T, Nakayama Y, Toyabe S, Ishikawa T. Harnessing random low Reynolds number flow for net migration. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:063101. [PMID: 32688510 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.063101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Random noise in low Reynolds number flow has rarely been used to obtain net migration of microscale objects. In this study, we numerically show that net migration of a microscale object can be extracted from random directional fluid forces in Stokes flow, by introducing deformability and inhomogeneous density into the object. We also developed a mathematical framework to describe the deformation-induced migration caused by noise. These results provide a basis for understanding the noise-induced migration of a microswimmer and are useful for harnessing energy from low Reynolds number flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Morita
- Department of Fine Mechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Fine Mechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-05 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shoichi Toyabe
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-05 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Department of Fine Mechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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16
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Kage A, Omori T, Kikuchi K, Ishikawa T. The shape effect of flagella is more important than bottom-heaviness on passive gravitactic orientation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb205989. [PMID: 31988163 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.205989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The way the unicellular, biflagellated, green alga Chlamydomonas orients upward has long been discussed in terms of both mechanics and physiology. In this study, we focus on the mechanics, i.e. the 'passive' mechanisms, of gravitaxis. To rotate the body upwards, cellular asymmetry is critical. Chlamydomonas can be depicted as a nearly spherical cell body with two anterior, symmetric flagella. The present study looks at the question of whether the existence of the flagella significantly affects torque generation in upward reorientation. The 'density asymmetry model' assumes that the cell is spherical and bottom-heavy and that the shape and weight of the flagella are negligible, while the 'shape asymmetry model' considers the shape of the flagella. Both our experimental and simulation results revealed a considerable contribution from shape asymmetry to the upward orientation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which was several times larger than that of density asymmetry. From the experimental results, we also quantified the extent of bottom-heaviness, i.e. the distance between the centers of gravity and the figure when the cell body is assumed to be spherical. Our estimation was approximately 30 nm, only one-third of previous assumptions. These findings indicate the importance of the viscous drag of the flagella to the upward orientation, and thus negative gravitaxis, in Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kage
- Department of Finemechanics, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Finemechanics, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kenji Kikuchi
- Department of Finemechanics, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Department of Finemechanics, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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17
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Nunoya T, Omori T, Tomioka H, Umeda F, Suzuki T, Uetsuka K. Intracellular Localization of Mycoplasma bovis in the Bronchiolar Epithelium of Experimentally Infected Calves. J Comp Pathol 2020; 176:14-18. [PMID: 32359627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung tissues from calves infected experimentally with Mycoplasma bovis were examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. All inoculated calves had dark red areas of consolidation affecting both left and right lungs, which were characterized microscopically by subacute purulent bronchiolitis with hyperplasia of the surrounding lymphoid tissue. Immunohistochemically, M. bovis antigen was detected on the surface and inside the cytoplasm of bronchiolar epithelial cells in the pneumonic foci. The antigen was also found in the cytoplasm of phagocytes at the margin of bronchiolar exudates. Electron microscopically, numerous organisms were demonstrated in the immunohistochemically-positive sites. These findings suggest that M. bovis organisms adhere to the bronchiolar epithelium and at least some of them invade the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nunoya
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - T Omori
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Tomioka
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Umeda
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Uetsuka
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Health and Hygiene, Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
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18
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Kawamori H, Konishi A, Otake H, Toba T, Nakano S, Tanimura K, Tsukiyama Y, Namba I, Omori T, Shinke T, Hirata K. Efficacy of optical frequency-domain imaging in detecting peripheral artery disease: a single-center open-label, single-arm study protocol. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2020; 35:385-391. [DOI: 10.1007/s12928-019-00636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Tachibana T, Omori T, Uchida O, Takahashi H, Ikeda N. EP1.09-16 A Case of Pulmonary Primary Enteric Adenocarcinoma Diagnosed Preoperatively. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Omori T, Kobayashi Y, Yamaguchi Y, Kajishima T. Understanding the asymmetry between advancing and receding microscopic contact angles. Soft Matter 2019; 15:3923-3928. [PMID: 31011723 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00521h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
By means of molecular dynamics simulation, the advancing and receding microscopic contact angles were analyzed for a shear flow of two mono-atomic fluids confined between parallel non-polar solid walls. We defined the microscopic dynamic contact angle based on the coarse-grained microscopic density distribution of the fluids (the instantaneous interface method [Willard and Chandler, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2010, 114, 1954-1958]) near the moving contact line. We have found that the asymmetric change of fluid density near the wall with respect to the moving contact line results in a different dependence between the advancing and receding contact angles on the contact line velocity in a system where the two fluids across the interface have unequal wettability to the solid wall. This difference between the advancing and receding contact angles leads to different flow resistance caused by the advancing and receding contact lines, which should have impact on the industrial applications of the fine fluid transportation with contact lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Omori
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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21
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Nakamura K, Omori T, Ishikawa T. Shear-Induced Migration of a Transmembrane Protein within a Vesicle. Biophys J 2019; 116:1483-1494. [PMID: 30979554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomembranes feature phospholipid bilayers and serve as the interface between cells or organelles and the extracellular and/or cellular environment. Lipids can move freely throughout the membrane; the lipid bilayer behaves like a fluid. Such fluidity is important in terms of the actions of membrane transport proteins, which often mediate biological functions; membrane protein motion has attracted a great deal of attention. Because the proteins are small, diffusion phenomena are often in play, but flow-induced transport has rarely been addressed. Here, we used a dissipative particle dynamics approach to investigate flow-induced membrane protein transport. We analyzed the drift of a membrane protein located within a vesicle. Under the influence of shear flow, the protein gradually migrated toward the vorticity axis via a random walk, and the probability of retention around the axis was high. To understand the mechanism of protein migration, we varied both shear strength and protein size. Protein migration was induced by the balance between the drag and thermodynamic diffusion forces and could be represented by the Péclet number. These results improve our understanding of flow-induced membrane protein transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyo Nakamura
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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22
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Ishigami H, Omori T, Fukushima R, Imano M, Miwa H, Kobayashi D, Yabusaki H, Misawa K, Arigami T, Amagai K, Hirono Y, Hidemura A, Imamura K, Ogata K, Kusumoto T, Ueda S, Matsumura T, Yoshida S, Yamaguchi H, Kitayama J. Long-term normothermic intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis: Results from clinical trials over a decade in Japan. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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23
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Abstract
The artificial microswimmer is a cutting-edge technology with applications in drug delivery and micro-total-analysis systems. The flow field around a microswimmer can be regarded as Stokes flow, in which reciprocal body deformation cannot induce migration. In this study, we propose a microcapsule swimmer that undergoes amoeboidlike shape deformations under fluid oscillation conditions. This is a study on the propulsion principle using a capsule with a solid membrane, and one of only a few studies using fluid oscillation. The microswimmer consists of an elastic capsule containing fluid and a rigid sphere. Opposing forces are generated when fluid oscillations are applied, because the densities of the internal fluid and sphere are different. The opposing forces induce nonreciprocal body deformation, which leads to migration of the microswimmer under Stokes flow conditions. Using numerical simulations, we found that the microswimmer propels itself in one of two modes, i.e., stroke swimming or drag swimming. We discuss the feasibility of the proposed microswimmer and show that the most efficient swimmer can migrate tens of micrometers per second. These findings pave the way for future artificial microswimmer designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Morita
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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24
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Omori T, Winter K, Shinohara K, Hamada H, Ishikawa T. Simulation of the nodal flow of mutant embryos with a small number of cilia: comparison of mechanosensing and vesicle transport hypotheses. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:180601. [PMID: 30225054 PMCID: PMC6124027 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Left-right (L-R) asymmetry in the body plan is determined by nodal flow in vertebrate embryos. Shinohara et al. (Shinohara K et al. 2012 Nat. Commun.3, 622 (doi:10.1038/ncomms1624)) used Dpcd and Rfx3 mutant mouse embryos and showed that only a few cilia were sufficient to achieve L-R asymmetry. However, the mechanism underlying the breaking of symmetry by such weak ciliary flow is unclear. Flow-mediated signals associated with the L-R asymmetric organogenesis have not been clarified, and two different hypotheses-vesicle transport and mechanosensing-are now debated in the research field of developmental biology. In this study, we developed a computational model of the node system reported by Shinohara et al. and examined the feasibilities of the two hypotheses with a small number of cilia. With the small number of rotating cilia, flow was induced locally and global strong flow was not observed in the node. Particles were then effectively transported only when they were close to the cilia, and particle transport was strongly dependent on the ciliary positions. Although the maximum wall shear rate was also influenced by ciliary position, the mean wall shear rate at the perinodal wall increased monotonically with the number of cilia. We also investigated the membrane tension of immotile cilia, which is relevant to the regulation of mechanotransduction. The results indicated that tension of about 0.1 μN m-1 was exerted at the base even when the fluid shear rate was applied at about 0.1 s-1. The area of high tension was also localized at the upstream side, and negative tension appeared at the downstream side. Such localization may be useful to sense the flow direction at the periphery, as time-averaged anticlockwise circulation was induced in the node by rotation of a few cilia. Our numerical results support the mechanosensing hypothesis, and we expect that our study will stimulate further experimental investigations of mechanotransduction in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Omori
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai Miyagi, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takuji Ishikawa
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai Miyagi, Japan
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25
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Omori T, Dohi K, Nakamori S, Fujimoto N, Ishida M, Kitagawa K, Fujii E, Imanaka K, Hiroe M, Sakuma H, Ito M. P5653Extracellular volume fraction measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can help to evaluate left ventricular stiffness noninvasively by representing histological collagen volume fraction. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Omori
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - K Dohi
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - S Nakamori
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - N Fujimoto
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - M Ishida
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Radiology, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - K Kitagawa
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Radiology, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - E Fujii
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - K Imanaka
- Mie University Hospital, Central laboratory, Tsu, Japan
| | - M Hiroe
- Mie University Hospital, Central laboratory, Tsu, Japan
| | - H Sakuma
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Radiology, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - M Ito
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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26
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Okumura K, Nishikawa S, Omori T, Ishikawa T, Takamatsu A. Asymmetry in cilia configuration induces hydrodynamic phase locking. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:032411. [PMID: 29776148 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.032411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the nature of biological synchronization at the microscopic scale, we here investigate the hydrodynamic synchronization between conically rotating objects termed nodal cilia. A mechanical model of three rotating cilia is proposed with consideration of variation in their shapes and geometrical arrangement. We conduct numerical estimations of both near-field and far-field hydrodynamic interactions, and we apply a conventional averaging method for weakly coupled oscillators. In the nonidentical case, the three cilia showed stable locked-phase differences around ±π/2. However, such phase locking also occurred with three identical cilia when allocated in a triangle except for the equilateral triangle. The effects of inhomogeneity in cilia shapes and geometrical arrangement on such asymmetric interaction is discussed to understand the role of biological variation in synchronization via hydrodynamic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Okumura
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Seiya Nishikawa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Atsuko Takamatsu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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27
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Kuriyama K, Suzuki M, Kadotani H, Yoshimura A, Yoshinaka H, Yamanaka M, Tsuboi H, Ueda T, Mori A, Kashiwagi K, Yoshida M, Omori T, Kutsumi H, Uchiyama M, Yamada N. 0972 Practical Use Of A Single Channel Sleep EEG For Diagnosis Of Major Depressive Disorder - Multicenter Exploratory Prospective Study (SEEDs) -. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Kuriyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, JAPAN
| | - M Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University of Medicine, Itabashi, JAPAN
| | - H Kadotani
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, JAPAN
| | - A Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, JAPAN
| | - H Yoshinaka
- Clinical Research Development Center, University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, JAPAN
| | - M Yamanaka
- Clinical Research Development Center, University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, JAPAN
| | - H Tsuboi
- Clinical Research Development Center, University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, JAPAN
| | - T Ueda
- Clinical Research Development Center, University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, JAPAN
| | - A Mori
- Center of Clinical Research, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, JAPAN
| | | | | | - T Omori
- Center of Clinical Research, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, JAPAN
| | - H Kutsumi
- Clinical Research Development Center, University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, JAPAN
| | - M Uchiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University of Medicine, Itabashi, JAPAN
| | - N Yamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, JAPAN
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28
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Kuriyama K, Suzuki M, Kadotani H, Yoshinaka H, Yamanaka M, Omori T, Mori A, Tsuboi H, Ueda T, Kashiwagi K, Yoshimura A, Yoshiike T, Takahashi M, Matsuo M, Morita S, Takami M, Fujii Y, Nakabayashi T, Yoshida M, Kutsumi H, Uchiyama M, Yamada N. A research project aimed at developing practical use of sleep EEG for diagnosis of major depressive disorder: multicenter exploratory prospective study. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Takahashi T, Fujitani K, Omori T, Nishikawa K, Hayashi T, Namikawa T, Otsuji E, Takiguchi S, Doki Y. 5-ALA administration for photodynamic diagnosis of peritoneal metastases due to advanced gastric cancer: A randomised, double-blind, multicentre phase I/II study. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx378.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Kusama T, Omori T, Saito T, Kise S, Tanaka T, Araki Y, Kainuma R. Ultra-large single crystals by abnormal grain growth. Nat Commun 2017; 8:354. [PMID: 28842571 PMCID: PMC5572478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Producing a single crystal is expensive because of low mass productivity. Therefore, many metallic materials are being used in polycrystalline form, even though material properties are superior in a single crystal. Here we show that an extraordinarily large Cu-Al-Mn single crystal can be obtained by abnormal grain growth (AGG) induced by simple heat treatment with high mass productivity. In AGG, the sub-boundary energy introduced by cyclic heat treatment (CHT) is dominant in the driving pressure, and the grain boundary migration rate is accelerated by repeating the low-temperature CHT due to the increase of the sub-boundary energy. With such treatment, fabrication of single crystal bars 70 cm in length is achieved. This result ensures that the range of applications of shape memory alloys will spread beyond small-sized devices to large-scale components and may enable new applications of single crystals in other metallic and ceramics materials having similar microstructural features.Growing large single crystals cheaply and reliably for structural applications remains challenging. Here, the authors combine accelerated abnormal grain growth and cyclic heat treatments to grow a superelastic shape memory alloy single crystal to 70 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Kusama
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-02, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-02, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-02, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Sumio Kise
- Technology Development Department, Special Metals Division, Furukawa Techno Material Co., Ltd., 5-1-8 Higashi-yawata, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 254-0016, Japan
| | - Toyonobu Tanaka
- Technology Development Department, Special Metals Division, Furukawa Techno Material Co., Ltd., 5-1-8 Higashi-yawata, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 254-0016, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Araki
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kainuma
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-02, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
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31
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Omori T, Kurita T, Dohi K, Kumagai N, Ishida M, Fujimoto N, Kitagawa K, Yamada N, Sakuma H, Ito M. P3324Clinical significance of higher extracellular volume in patients with apical and non- apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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32
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Gandini F, Bigelow TS, Becket B, Caughman JB, Cox D, Darbos C, Gassmann T, Henderson MA, Jean O, Kajiwara K, Kobayashi N, Nazare C, Oda Y, Omori T, Purohit D, Rasmussen DA, Ronden DMS, Saibene G, Sakamoto K, Shapiro MA, Takahashi K, Temkin RJ. The EC H&CD Transmission Line for ITER. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Gandini
- ITER Organization, CS 90 046 - 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - T. S. Bigelow
- U.S. ITER Project Office, ORNL, 1055 Commerce Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - B. Becket
- ITER Organization, CS 90 046 - 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - J. B. Caughman
- U.S. ITER Project Office, ORNL, 1055 Commerce Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - D. Cox
- ITER Organization, CS 90 046 - 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - C. Darbos
- ITER Organization, CS 90 046 - 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - T. Gassmann
- ITER Organization, CS 90 046 - 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - M. A. Henderson
- ITER Organization, CS 90 046 - 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - O. Jean
- ITER Organization, CS 90 046 - 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - K. Kajiwara
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka-shi, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - N. Kobayashi
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka-shi, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - C. Nazare
- Assystem Facilities, 23 Place de Wicklow CS 30713, 78067 Saint Quentin en Yvelines Cedex, France
| | - Y. Oda
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka-shi, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - T. Omori
- ITER Organization, CS 90 046 - 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - D. Purohit
- ITER Organization, CS 90 046 - 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - D. A. Rasmussen
- U.S. ITER Project Office, ORNL, 1055 Commerce Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - D. M. S. Ronden
- Association EURATOM-FOM, 3430 BE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - G. Saibene
- Fusion for Energy, C/Josep Pla 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral-B3, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - K. Sakamoto
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka-shi, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M. A. Shapiro
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - K. Takahashi
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka-shi, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - R. J. Temkin
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Takahashi K, Kajiwara K, Oda Y, Sakamoto K, Omori T, Henderson M. Development of ITER Equatorial EC Launcher Components Toward the Final Design. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Takahashi
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193 Japan
| | - K. Kajiwara
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193 Japan
| | - Y. Oda
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193 Japan
| | - K. Sakamoto
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193 Japan
| | - T. Omori
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193 Japan
| | - M. Henderson
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, CS 90 046, 13067 St. Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
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Miyoshi N, Ohue M, Yasui M, Fujino S, Sugimura K, Tomokuni A, Akita H, Kobayashi S, Takahashi H, Omori T, Miyata H, Fujiwara Y, Yano M. 201P POU5F1 gene expression in colorectal cancer: a novel prognostic marker after curative surgical resection. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(21)00359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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35
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Okamura A, Nakamura R, Yamagami J, Ishii K, Kawakubo H, Omori T, Takeuchi H, Amagai M, Kitagawa Y. Evaluation of pharyngo‐oesophageal involvement in pemphigus vulgaris and its correlation with disease activity. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:224-226. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Okamura
- Department of Surgery Keio University Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - R. Nakamura
- Department of Surgery Keio University Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Centre for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy Keio University Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - J. Yamagami
- Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Ishii
- Department of Surgery Keio University Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery Keio University Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Omori
- Department of Surgery Keio University Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Centre for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy Keio University Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery Keio University Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Amagai
- Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery Keio University Hospital Tokyo Japan
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36
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Imai Y, Omori T, Shimogonya Y, Yamaguchi T, Ishikawa T. Numerical methods for simulating blood flow at macro, micro, and multi scales. J Biomech 2016; 49:2221-2228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Takeishi N, Imai Y, Ishida S, Omori T, Kamm RD, Ishikawa T. Cell adhesion during bullet motion in capillaries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H395-403. [PMID: 27261363 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00241.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A numerical analysis is presented of cell adhesion in capillaries whose diameter is comparable to or smaller than that of the cell. In contrast to a large number of previous efforts on leukocyte and tumor cell rolling, much is still unknown about cell motion in capillaries. The solid and fluid mechanics of a cell in flow was coupled with a slip bond model of ligand-receptor interactions. When the size of a capillary was reduced, the cell always transitioned to "bullet-like" motion, with a consequent decrease in the velocity of the cell. A state diagram was obtained for various values of capillary diameter and receptor density. We found that bullet motion enables firm adhesion of a cell to the capillary wall even for a weak ligand-receptor binding. We also quantified effects of various parameters, including the dissociation rate constant, the spring constant, and the reactive compliance on the characteristics of cell motion. Our results suggest that even under the interaction between P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and P-selectin, which is mainly responsible for leukocyte rolling, a cell is able to show firm adhesion in a small capillary. These findings may help in understanding such phenomena as leukocyte plugging and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takeishi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Imai
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan;
| | - Shunichi Ishida
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan; School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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38
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Omori T, Imai Y, Kikuchi K, Ishikawa T, Yamaguchi T. Response to the Letter to the Editor "Hemodynamics in the Microcirculation" by A. G. Koutsiaris. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:1323. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Mammalian sperm cells are required to swim over long distances, typically around 1000-fold their own length. They must orient themselves and maintain a swimming motion to reach the ovum, or egg cell. Although the mechanism of long-distance navigation is still unclear, one possible mechanism, rheotaxis, was reported recently. This work investigates the mechanism of the rheotaxis in detail by simulating the motions of a sperm cell in shear flow adjacent to a flat surface. A phase diagram was developed to show the sperm's swimming motion under different shear rates, and for varying flagellum waveform conditions. The results showed that, under shear flow, the sperm is able to hydrodynamically change its swimming direction, allowing it to swim upwards against the flow, which suggests that the upward swimming of sperm cells can be explained using fluid mechanics, and this can then be used to further understand physiology of sperm cell navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-01 Sendai Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-01 Sendai Miyagi, Japan
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40
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Motomura S, Hara T, Omori T, Kainuma R, Nishida M. Morphological and chemical analysis of bainite in Cu-17Al-11Mn (at.%) alloys by using orthogonal FIB-SEM and double-EDS STEM. Microscopy (Oxf) 2016; 65:243-52. [PMID: 26884617 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, new microscopy techniques were developed for understanding the mechanism for the bainitic transformation in a Cu-17Al-11Mn (at%) alloy. An orthogonally arranged focused ion beam and a scanning electron microscope were employed to observe three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the bainite phase, in addition to compositional analysis by using a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with a double-detector energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer system. The 3D morphology of these samples was observed at different aging times and aging temperatures; the results obtained indicated that with increasing aging time and/or aging temperature, the bainite phase at the initial stage of formation exhibits a plate-like shape, which changes to a lenticular form. A habit plane was uniquely determined as ∼{9 3 2} by the combination of 3D image reconstruction and an electron back-scattered diffraction technique. The compositional analysis revealed the spatial distribution of the compositional variation between the bainite and matrix phases in the initial stages of the transformation. In the bainite phase, the Cu concentration was higher, while the concentrations of Al and Mn were lower than those in the surrounding matrix, indicative of the diffusion of the constituent elements with the growth of the bainite phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Motomura
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Toru Hara
- Surface Physics and Structure Unit, Advanced Key Technologies Division, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan Department of Engineering Science for Electronics and Materials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-02, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kainuma
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-02, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Minoru Nishida
- Department of Engineering Science for Electronics and Materials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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41
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Yang S, Omori T, Wang C, Liu Y, Nagasako M, Ruan J, Kainuma R, Ishida K, Liu X. A jumping shape memory alloy under heat. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21754. [PMID: 26880700 PMCID: PMC4754943 DOI: 10.1038/srep21754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape memory alloys are typical temperature-sensitive metallic functional materials due to superelasticity and shape recovery characteristics. The conventional shape memory effect involves the formation and deformation of thermally induced martensite and its reverse transformation. The shape recovery process usually takes place over a temperature range, showing relatively low temperature-sensitivity. Here we report novel Cu-Al-Fe-Mn shape memory alloys. Their stress-strain and shape recovery behaviors are clearly different from the conventional shape memory alloys. In this study, although the Cu-12.2Al-4.3Fe-6.6Mn and Cu-12.9Al-3.8Fe-5.6Mn alloys possess predominantly L21 parent before deformation, the 2H martensite stress-induced from L21 parent could be retained after unloading. Furthermore, their shape recovery response is extremely temperature-sensitive, in which a giant residual strain of about 9% recovers instantly and completely during heating. At the same time, the phenomenon of the jumping of the sample occurs. It is originated from the instantaneous completion of the reverse transformation of the stabilized 2H martensite. This novel Cu-Al-Fe-Mn shape memory alloys have great potentials as new temperature-sensitive functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiyuan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aoba-yama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Makoto Nagasako
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jingjing Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Ryosuke Kainuma
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aoba-yama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Ishida
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aoba-yama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Xingjun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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Abstract
The membrane tension of some kinds of ciliates has been suggested to regulate upward and downward swimming velocities under gravity. Despite its biological importance, deformation and membrane tension of a ciliate have not been clarified fully. In this study, we numerically investigated the deformation of a ciliate swimming freely in a fluid otherwise at rest. The cell body was modelled as a capsule with a hyperelastic membrane enclosing a Newtonian fluid. Thrust forces due to the ciliary beat were modelled as torques distributed above the cell body. The effects of membrane elasticity, the aspect ratio of the cell's reference shape, and the density difference between the cell and the surrounding fluid were investigated. The results showed that the cell deformed like a heart shape, when the capillary number was sufficiently large. Under the influence of gravity, the membrane tension at the anterior end decreased in the upward swimming while it increased in the downward swimming. Moreover, gravity-induced deformation caused the cells to move gravitationally downwards or upwards, which resulted in a positive or negative geotaxis-like behaviour with a physical origin. These results are important in understanding the physiology of a ciliate's biological responses to mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Ishikawa
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Kyoya K, Matsunaga D, Imai Y, Omori T, Ishikawa T. Shape matters: Near-field fluid mechanics dominate the collective motions of ellipsoidal squirmers. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:063027. [PMID: 26764823 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.063027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microswimmers show a variety of collective motions. Despite extensive study, questions remain regarding the role of near-field fluid mechanics in collective motion. In this paper, we describe precisely the Stokes flow around hydrodynamically interacting ellipsoidal squirmers in a monolayer suspension. The results showed that various collective motions, such as ordering, aggregation, and whirls, are dominated by the swimming mode and the aspect ratio. The collective motions are mainly induced by near-field fluid mechanics, despite Stokes flow propagation over a long range. These results emphasize the importance of particle shape in collective motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kyoya
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - D Matsunaga
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Y Imai
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - T Omori
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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44
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Motomura S, Soejima Y, Miyoshi T, Hara T, Omori T, Kainuma R, Nishida M. In situheating SEM observation of the bainitic transformation process in Cu–17Al–11Mn (at.%) alloys. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015; 65:159-68. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Motomura S, Hara T, Omori T, Kainuma R, Nishida M. B13-P-04The Study of Bainitic Transformation in Cu-Al-Mn Alloy by using Advanced SEM techniques. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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46
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Takahashi K, Abe G, Kajiwara K, Oda Y, Isozaki M, Ikeda R, Sakamoto K, Omori T, Henderson M. Design modification of ITER equatorial EC launcher for electron cyclotron heating and current drive optimization. Fusion Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Shinozaki T, Shiga K, Asakage T, Katada C, Kaneko K, Oda I, Shimizu Y, Doyama H, Koike T, Takizawa K, Hirao M, Okada H, Yoshii T, Omori T, Shimoda T, Ochiai A, Ishikawa H, Yokoyama T, Yokoyama A, Muto M. 2819 Head and neck cancer that occurred after early esophageal cancer endoscopic resection. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Akagi T, Araki S, Funahashi Y, Honda Y, Miyoshi S, Okugi T, Omori T, Shimizu H, Sakaue K, Takahashi T, Tanaka R, Terunuma N, Uesugi Y, Urakawa J, Washio M, Yoshitama H. Demonstration of the stabilization technique for nonplanar optical resonant cavities utilizing polarization. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:043303. [PMID: 25933851 DOI: 10.1063/1.4918653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on our previously developed scheme to stabilize nonplanar optical resonant cavities utilizing polarization caused by a geometric phase in electromagnetic waves traveling along a twisted path, we report an application of the technique for a cavity installed in the Accelerator Test Facility, a 1.3-GeV electron beam accelerator at KEK, in which photons are generated by laser-Compton scattering. We successfully achieved a power enhancement of 1200 with 1.4% fluctuation, which means that the optical path length of the cavity has been controlled with a precision of 14 pm under an accelerator environment. In addition, polarization switching utilizing a geometric phase of the nonplanar cavity was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akagi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Araki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Y Funahashi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Y Honda
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Miyoshi
- AdSM Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - T Okugi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Omori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - H Shimizu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Sakaue
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku 169-8555, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- AdSM Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - R Tanaka
- AdSM Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - N Terunuma
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Y Uesugi
- AdSM Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - J Urakawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Washio
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku 169-8555, Japan
| | - H Yoshitama
- AdSM Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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Albajar F, Aiello G, Alberti S, Arnold F, Avramidis K, Bader M, Batista R, Bertizzolo R, Bonicelli T, Braunmueller F, Brescan C, Bruschi A, von Burg B, Camino K, Carannante G, Casarin V, Castillo A, Cauvard F, Cavalieri C, Cavinato M, Chavan R, Chelis J, Cismondi F, Combescure D, Darbos C, Farina D, Fasel D, Figini L, Gagliardi M, Gandini F, Gantenbein G, Gassmann T, Gessner R, Goodman T, Gracia V, Grossetti G, Heemskerk C, Henderson M, Hermann V, Hogge J, Illy S, Ioannidis Z, Jelonnek J, Jin J, Kasparek W, Koning J, Krause A, Landis J, Latsas G, Li F, Mazzocchi F, Meier A, Moro A, Nousiainen R, Purohit D, Nowak S, Omori T, van Oosterhout J, Pacheco J, Pagonakis I, Platania P, Poli E, Preis A, Ronden D, Rozier Y, Rzesnicki T, Saibene G, Sanchez F, Sartori F, Sauter O, Scherer T, Schlatter C, Schreck S, Serikov A, Siravo U, Sozzi C, Spaeh P, Spichiger A, Strauss D, Takahashi K, Thumm M, Tigelis I, Vaccaro A, Vomvoridis J, Tran M, Weinhorst B. Status of Europe’s contribution to the ITER EC system. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158704004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Omori T, Imai Y, Kikuchi K, Ishikawa T, Yamaguchi T. Hemodynamics in the microcirculation and in microfluidics. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:238-57. [PMID: 25398331 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamics in microcirculation is important for hemorheology and several types of circulatory disease. Although hemodynamics research has a long history, the field continues to expand due to recent advancements in numerical and experimental techniques at the micro-and nano-scales. In this paper, we review recent computational and experimental studies of blood flow in microcirculation and microfluidics. We first focus on the computational studies of red blood cell (RBC) dynamics, from the single cellular level to mesoscopic multiple cellular flows, followed by a review of recent computational adhesion models for white blood cells, platelets, and malaria-infected RBCs, in which the cell adhesion to the vascular wall is essential for cellular function. Recent developments in optical microscopy have enabled the observation of flowing blood cells in microfluidics. Experimental particle image velocimetry and particle tracking velocimetry techniques are described in this article. Advancements in micro total analysis system technologies have facilitated flowing cell separation with microfluidic devices, which can be used for biomedical applications, such as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer or large intestinal tumors. In this paper, cell-separation techniques are reviewed for microfluidic devices, emphasizing recent advances and the potential of this fast-evolving research field in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-01, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,
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