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Asai Y, Takai Y, Murasaka T, Miyake T, Nakamura T, Morikawa Y, Nakagawa Y, Kanayama T, Abe Y, Masuda N, Takamura Y, Miki Y, Iwamoto T. Evaluation of a joint workshop on study design for hospital and community pharmacists: a retrospective cross-sectional survey. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2024; 10:14. [PMID: 38438908 PMCID: PMC10910793 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-024-00337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pharmacists often identify numerous clinical questions, they face several barriers, including the lack of mentors for research activities in clinical settings. Therefore, a workshop for the appropriate selection of a study design, which is a fundamental first step, may be necessary. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop on study design for hospital and community pharmacists. Moreover, the characteristics of pharmacists with little involvement in research activities were extracted using decision-tree analysis to guide the design of future workshops. METHODS A workshop was conducted on October 1, 2023. It comprised three parts: lectures, group work, and presentations. Questionnaire-based surveys were conducted with workshop participants regarding their basic information, their background that influenced research activities, their satisfaction, and their knowledge/awareness. For the questions on knowledge/awareness, the same responses were requested before and after the workshop using a five-scale scoring system. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent factors influencing research activities. Decision tree analysis was performed to extract low-effort characteristics of the research activities. RESULTS Of the 40 workshop attendees, the overall satisfaction score for the workshop was 4.38 of 5, and the score for each question was 4 or higher. Significant increases were observed in the scores of knowledge/awareness after the workshop. Moreover, 95% of the pharmacists answered that it would be highly useful to conduct a joint workshop between hospitals and community pharmacists. Although independent influencing factors were not detected in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the decision tree analysis revealed that pharmacists who were no member of an academic society (85%, 11/13) or members without any certifications or accreditations related to pharmacy practice (80%, 4/5) were the least active in clinical research. In contrast, those belonging to academic societies and holding certifications or accreditations related to pharmacy practice frequently conducted clinical research. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that a joint workshop on study design may have the potential to change pharmacists' knowledge and awareness of research activities. Moreover, future workshops should be conducted with pharmacists who do not belong to academic societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Asai
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Takai
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie Heart Center Hospital, 2227-1 Ooyodo, Meiwa, Taki, Mie, 515-0302, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Miyake
- Department of Pharmacy, Ise Red Cross Hospital, 1-471-2, Funae, Ise, Mie, 516-8512, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nakamura
- Pharmacy, Mie Prefectural Mental Medical Center, 1-12-1, Shiroyama, Tsu, Mie, 514-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Morikawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakagawa
- Ichishi Dispensing Pharmacy Takano Store, 226-7, Takano, Ichishi, Tsu, Mie, 515-2504, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kanayama
- Sanai Pharmacy Ikuwa Store, 826-1, Daimon, Ikuwa, Yokkaichi, Mie, 512-0911, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Abe
- Mie Pharmaceutical Association, 311 Shimazaki, Tsu, Mie, 514-0002, Japan
| | - Naoki Masuda
- Mie Pharmaceutical Association, 311 Shimazaki, Tsu, Mie, 514-0002, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takamura
- Mie Pharmaceutical Association, 311 Shimazaki, Tsu, Mie, 514-0002, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miki
- Mie Pharmaceutical Association, 311 Shimazaki, Tsu, Mie, 514-0002, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Murasaka T, Ikemura K, Enokiya T, Muraki Y, Ikemura M, Terada K, Iwamoto T, Okuda M. Impact of the number of repeated inhalations and patient characteristics on the residual amount of inhaled laninamivir octanoate hydrate dry powder in pediatric patients with influenza. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2017; 3:26. [PMID: 29152321 PMCID: PMC5678805 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-017-0094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dry powder inhaled formulation is used for the anti-influenza drug laninamivir octanoate hydrate (laninamivir). Although two successive inhalations (puffs) are recommended to minimize residual amounts of active ingredients, previous reports suggest that pediatric patients with low peak inspiratory flow are unable to inhale the active ingredient adequately. In the present study, we prospectively investigated the appropriate number of repeated inhalations of laninamivir dry powder and factors influencing the residual amount of ingredients in pediatric patients with influenza. METHODS The study enrolled 64 patients receiving laninamivir dry powder inhaler (Inavir®) between January and March 2016 at Tsu emergency medical center/pediatric clinic and dental clinic. All patients enrolled used a laninamivir dry powder inhaler in four repeated inhalations, as instructed by a pharmacist. The residual amount of laninamivir dry powder was calculated by measuring the device weight before and after each inhalation and a residual amount of >20% was defined as an unsuccessful inhalation. RESULTS The inadequate inhalation rate after two successive inhalations was 45%, and it decreased as number of inhalation repeats increased, reaching 23% after four successive inhalations. Peak inspiratory flow in patients with inadequate inhalation was significantly lower than that in patients with adequate inhalation, for all numbers of inhalation repeats analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated peak inspiratory flow cut-off values of 140, 120, 100, and 100 L/min at 1-4 successive inhalations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that a proportion of patients with low peak inspiratory flow were unable to inhale the active ingredient adequately when laninamivir dry powder inhaler was administered as two successive inhalations, as recommended in the instruction manual. Three or four repeated inhalations of laninamivir dry powder inhaler should be administered to pediatric patients with low peak inspiratory flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Murasaka
- Konan Pharmacy, Tsu, Mie 514-0323 Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
- Tsu Pharmaceutical Association, Tsu, Mie 514-1135 Japan
| | - Kenji Ikemura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Enokiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Yuichi Muraki
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Mayumi Ikemura
- Konan Pharmacy, Tsu, Mie 514-0323 Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Koji Terada
- Tsu Pharmaceutical Association, Tsu, Mie 514-1135 Japan
| | - Takuya Iwamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Masahiro Okuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
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