Potential Analysis and Development Strategies Based on Zoning For Beef Cattle Farming in Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung Province

This research was aimed in detemining the potency mapping and development strategies based on zoning for beef cattle farming in Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Province. This research was implemented by using two-stages survey method. The first stage was analyzing and making regional potency mapping from secondary data with potential index analyses. The second stage was observing the results of the observation, an in-depth interview, and focus group discussion towards 42 respondents consisted of 14 cattle farmers, 5 cattle sellers, 5 agriculture agency officers, and 18 officials who were in charge of the cattle function in regency/city. Purposive sampling was used to choose respondents. Meanwhile, the data analysis used SWOT analysis. The results of potency mapping showed that Bangka had the highest index (the most potential). Pangkalpinang had the lowest index (potential). The qualitative SWOT analysis resulted in the strategy of SO (Strength-Opportunity), WO (Weakness-Opportunity), ST (Strength-Treat), and WT (Weakness-Threats). Qualitative analysis of SWOT showed the internal factor -0,153 (x) and external factor 0,34 (y). The strategies were in quadrant III; changing the policies by minimizing the weakness to take advantage of opportunities. The analysis for RTRW documents and the result of SWOT analysis generated 6 (six) zones and development priorities. Thus, the development plan of beef cattle consisted of priority zones: 1). I: production center and product processing in Bangka Tengah; 2) II: Cattle farmer integration in Bangka, Bangka Barat, and Belitung Timur; 3) III: Cattle farming in a previously ex-mining land in Bangka, Bangka Barat, and Belitung Timur; 4) IV: production center with local based feed production in Bangka Selatan; 5) V: Modern cattle farm with technology-based in Pangkalpinang; 6) VI: Animal farm with agrotourism based in Pangkalpinang and Belitung.  

Effect of Different Pre-Freezing Time on Quality of Frozen Fat-Tailed Ram Semen

This study aimed to determining the effect of temperature changes on the sperm quality of fat-tailed sheep during the freezing process using a microcontroller. This study was conducted from April to October 2018 at the Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science UGM. The study was used twelve mature ram. The methods were conducted by collecting semen using artificial vagina, semen dilution, freezing semen, thawing and semen quality test. The pre-freezing temperature time were grouped for 6, 9, and 12 minutes. Data of frozen semen quality (motility, viability, and abnormality) the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the study was arranged using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The average of spermatozoa motility after semen freezing with a 5 to -140°C decrease in pre freezing temperature for 12 minutes (50±5.3%) was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to 9 minutes (48±4.8%) and 6 minutes (43±4.8%). The average of spermatozoa viability after semen freezing with a decrease in pre freezing temperature of 5 to -140°C for 12 minutes (55±4.7%) was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to that for 9 minutes (52±3.5%) and 6 minutes (49±5.7%). The average of spermatozoa abnormality after freezing with a decrease in pre freezing temperature of 5 to -140°C for 6, 9, and 12 minutes was not significantly different (10±2.4%, 9±0.8%, and 10±0.9%, respectively). Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that semen freezing at a lower pre-freezing temperature of 0 to -140°C for 12 minutes can improve the quality of freezing results.

Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis and the brucellosis model at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung District, Indonesia

Background and Aim

Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial infectious disease. West Bandung is a center for dairy farming in West Java Province District and endemic for brucellosis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, the associated risk factors, and the brucellosis model at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung District.

Materials and Methods

The research was conducted through a cross-sectional study. The samples were collected from the serum blood of dairy cattle. Data obtained from the questionnaire were used to investigate risk factors. Multistage random sampling was applied as the sampling technique; therefore, a sample size of 540 cows was selected. The number of farms and cattle on each farm was calculated using a variant effect design of the farm as well as 108 farms was selected with five cattle samples per farm. The results in regard of the research sample acquisition in the West Bandung District included 588 dairy cows from 116 farms, exceeds the number of samples calculated (540 dairy cows and 108 farms). The rose Bengal test (RBT) and the complement fixation test (CFT) were performed for brucellosis testing. Data associated with brucellosis cases at the individual level of the dairy cattle were analyzed using descriptive statistics univariate, bivariate with Chi-square, and odds ratio (OR). Moreover, multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis during modeling.

Results

The results showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at the individual level in the West Bandung District was 5.10%. Risk factors associated with brucellosis in cattle included the history of abortion (p=0.000; OR=9.9), the history of placental retention (p=0.000; OR=6.6), the history of endometritis (p=0.000; OR=5.5), the history of stillbirth (p=0.043; OR=3.0), the history of pregnancy abortion age at 7-8 months (p=0.000; OR=15.2), and the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months (p=0.007; OR=3.8). The model of brucellosis in dairy cows was the following: = -3.2843+3.41033 the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8 months +2.54503 the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months +1.86185 age of cattle >2 years - 1.0469 Calving interval 12 months. The model showed the factors that were associated with brucellosis at the individual level of dairy cattle included the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8 months (β=+3.41033; OR=30.3), the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months (β=+2.54503; OR=12.7); age of cattle >2 years (β=+1.86185; OR=1.2), and Calving interval ≤12 months (β=-1.04691; OR=0.34).

Conclusion

The results of this research showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung district was 5.10%. The risk factors could contribute to the increase of the brucellosis cases, that is, the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8, the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months, and the age of cattle >2 years. The risk factors can be decreased in the brucellosis cases, that is, calving intervals ≤12 months.

Determining highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza clade 2.3.2.1c seroprevalence in ducks, Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia

Background and Aim

In Indonesia, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in poultry are still reported. The disease causes a decrease in egg production and an increase in mortality; this has an impact on the economic losses of farmers. Several studies have considered that ducks play a role in the HPAI endemicity in the country; however, little is known about whether or not the type of duck farming is associated with HPAI H5 virus infection, particularly within clade 2.3.2.1c, which has been predominantly found in poultry since 2014. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the HPAI seroprevalence for H5 subtype clade 2.3.2.1c in laying ducks that are kept intensively and nomadically and to determine the associated risk factors.

Materials and Methods

Forty-nine duck farmers were randomly selected from ten sub-districts in Purbalingga District, Central Java, Indonesia; a cross-sectional study was implemented to collect field data. Based on an expected HPAI prevalence level of 10%, estimated accuracy of ± 5%, and 95% confidence interval (CI), the total sample size was calculated at 36 individuals. Samples must be multiplied by 7 to reduce bias; thus, 252 ducks were taken as samples in this study. Considering that the maintenance and duck handling were uniform and farmers complained that the effect of activity to take duck samples would reduce egg production, this study only took samples from 245 ducks (oropharyngeal swabs and serum). Those samples were taken from five birds on each farm. Hemagglutination inhibition tests examined the serum samples for HPAI H5 Clade 2.3.2.1c, and pool swab samples (five swabs in one viral media transport) were examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) test for influenza Type A and H5 subtype virus. Information regarding farm management was obtained using a questionnaire; face-to-face interviews were conducted with the duck farmers using native Javanese language.

Results

Serum and swabs from 245 ducks were collected in total. For individual birds, 54.69% (134/245) of serum samples were H5 seropositive. Seroprevalence among nomadic ducks was 59.28% (95% CI: 0.48-0.61), which was higher than among intensively farmed ducks (48.57%, 95% CI: 0.38-0.58). Farm-level seroprevalence was 50% (95% CI: 0.30-0.69) for nomadic ducks but only 28.57% (95% CI: 0.11-0.51) for intensively farmed ducks. The farm-level virus prevalence (proportion of flocks with at least one bird positive for influenza Type A) was 17.85% (95% CI: 0.07-0.35) for nomadic ducks and 4.76% (1/21) for intensively farmed ducks (95% CI: 0.008-0.23). All influenza Type A positive samples were negative for the H5 subtype, indicating that another HA subtype AI viruses might have been circulating in ducks in the study area. A relationship between duck farms that were H5 seropositive and their maintenance system was present; however, this relationship was not significant, the nomadic duck system detected 2 times higher H5-seropositive ducks than the intensive farming system (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 0.33-14.31).

Conclusion

This study found that the seroprevalence of HPAI in the duck population level in Purbalingga was 54.69% and demonstrated that the nomadic duck farming system was more likely to acquire HPAI H5 infection than the intensive farming duck system. Other risk factors should be further investigated as the diversity of the farming system is partially related to HPAI H5 infection.

Economic Losses Estimation of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in Indonesian Poultry Farming

This study aims to calculate the estimated economic losses in national poultry farming in Indonesia that are infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli. Poor management of chicken preservation is a major predisposing factor. Escherichia coli is a normal flora found in the gastrointestinal tract of chicken, but when the chicken stress or decrease immune system, Escherichia coli develops into a pathogenic agent. Pathogenic Escherichia coli appears as secondary infections that aggravate other disease infection. Cost of illness approach was divided into two main categories namely direct losses from disease and indirect losses from other related costs. Direct losses in broiler farms that were infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli through calculation of weight loss of harvest and total mortality, while in layer farms that were infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli, direct loss calculations included decreased chicken egg production and total mortality. Indirect losses on broiler and layer farms included calculation of other expenditure costs at the time of the occurrence of pathogenic Escherichia coli infections such as cleaning, disinfection and labor compensation costs. Based on the total calculation results obtained that the estimated economic losses incurred on national scale broiler farms reached IDR 14,167,792,041,150, - per harvest period of broiler, while estimated total loss of layer farms on national scale based on the calculation results reached IDR 13,391,996,617,850, - per month. The overall total loss due to this colibacillosis reached 13.10% of total poultry assets in Indonesia. The large proportion of losses incurred to total livestock assets can indicate how important the disease is to be controlled or overcome.

FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF PARASITIASIS CALVES TREATMENT ON CATTLE BREEDING OF SMALLHOLDER IN MAGELANG REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE

 This research was aimed to identify the financial feasibility of parasitiasis treatment for calves in the small holder breeding farm in Piji Subdistrict, Podosoko Village, Magelang Regency. Farmer was taken purposively, considering their objective of keeping cattle (breeding). Eight calves naturally infected gastrointestinal parasites were selected based on consideration of the uniformity of the age (4 months) breeds of Limousin-PO (LimPO) male 120-125 kg of body weight. They were divided into two groups, consisting of four calves for each group (Group I without treatment and Group II with improved health management). Farmers income was calculated based on the input and output data gathered from interview. The data were compared between Group I and II. Result showed that the value of additional revenue of the calves was IDR 4,230,000 and the selling price of one head of the treated antiparasitic calf was IDR 6,047,000. The calves net benefit in Group II was IDR 142,661/head/year, while group with improved health management (Group II) achieved the net income of IDR 283,621/head/year.

HOUSEHOLD DECISION ANALYSIS ON ANIMAL PROTEIN FOOD CONSUMPTION: EVIDENCE FROM D.I YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE

Food consumption pattern in Indonesia has change. Consumption of animal protein food is increasing as income increase. Animal protein foods are come from fish products and livestock products. The aim of this study is to analyze household decision on animal protein food consumption based on socioeconomics determinant of the households. Household expenditure data were used in this study. Discrete choice model is used to measure household decision in consuming these foods. Socioeconomics determinants are measured by Binary Logistic regression to know the influence of these to the household’s decision. Marginal effect value from binary logistic regression analysis showed that households tend to increase consuming animal protein food from livestock products varies from 0.5 to 6.09 times associated to socioeconomic factors of the households. Further research need to analyze nutritional status of the household’s members.

Adoption of Innovative Technology of Tofu Industry and Livestock Waste Products in Rural Area

File lengkap ada dalam bentuk PDF dibawah ini

Estimasi Kemauan Masyarakat Membayar Biaya Lingkungan: Studi Kasus pada Kandang Kelompok Kambing Peranakan Etawah di Desa Girikerto, Turi, Sleman (Estimation of the People Willingness to Pay Environmental Cost: Case Study at Etawah Crossbreed Goat Group F

<p>The aims of this study was to analyze the kind of people willingness to pay and the factors affecting the existence of Etawah crossbreed goat group farm. Girikerto Village, Turi, Sleman was chosen as research site because it was the<br />center of Etawah crossbreed goat village system in Sleman. Samples of 40 people at surrounding area were determined purposively based on residence distance to the village group system location. To analyze the relation between the willingness to pay of people and its affecting factors Ordinal Logit Regression Analysis methods were used with STATA software version 6.0. Aid in labor form has higher value than material physical aid. It was due to in social institution role of social capital in form of voluntary work very much influent the existence of village group system. Model estimation with Ordinal Logit Regression, indicated that education, total income, distance of residence to village group system, salak plantation area, and occupation type had positively significant effect on people willingness to pay, while based on marginal effect calculation, all independent variables indicated negative tendency or low appreciation from people toward environment.</p><p>(Key words: The willingness to pay of people, Ordinal Logit, Social capital, Marginal effect)<br /><br /></p>