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Sarkar DJ, Das Sarkar S, Das BK, Praharaj JK, Mahajan DK, Purokait B, Mohanty TR, Mohanty D, Gogoi P, Kumar V S, Behera BK, Manna RK, Samanta S. Microplastics removal efficiency of drinking water treatment plant with pulse clarifier. J Hazard Mater 2021; 413:125347. [PMID: 33601144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are recognized as ubiquitous pollutants in aquatic environments; however, very little study is done on their occurrence and fate at drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Though, the toxic effect of microplastics on human health is not yet well established; there is global concern about their possible ill effect on the human. Hence, the present study evaluates the occurrence of microplastics at different treatment stages of a typical DWTP with pulse clarification and its removal efficiency. In the test DWTP, raw water, sourced from river Ganga, was found to contain microplastics 17.88 items/L. Cumulative microplastic removal at key treatment stages viz. pulse clarification and sand filtration was found to be 63% and 85%, respectively. The study also revealed higher microplastic abundance on the sand filter bed due to the screening effect. The most frequently occurring microplastics were fibers and films/fragments with polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene as a major chemical type. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding machine learning algorithm revealed a strong association between microplastic abundance with turbidity, phosphate and nitrate. The test DWTP with a pulse clarification system was having comparable microplastics removal efficiency with previously reported advanced DWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India.
| | - Soma Das Sarkar
- Fisheries Resource Assessment and Informatics Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India.
| | | | | | - Bidesh Purokait
- Indira Gandhi Water Treatment Plant, Palta, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Trupty Rani Mohanty
- Riverine and Estuarine Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Debasmita Mohanty
- Riverine and Estuarine Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Pranab Gogoi
- Riverine and Estuarine Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Santhana Kumar V
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Manna
- Riverine and Estuarine Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Srikanta Samanta
- Riverine and Estuarine Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
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Mohanty TR, Seo KS, Park KM, Choi TJ, Choe HS, Baik DH, Hwang IH. Molecular variation in pigmentation genes contributing to coat colour in native Korean Hanwoo cattle. Anim Genet 2008; 39:550-3. [PMID: 18557975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pigmentation genes such as TYR (tyrosinase), TYRP1 (tyrosinase-related protein 1), DCT (previously TYRP2, or tyrosinase-related protein 2), ASIP (agouti) and MC1R (melanocortin receptor 1) play a major role in cattle coat colour. To understand the genotypic profile underlying coat colour in native Korean Hanwoo cattle and Angus black cattle, portions of the above-mentioned genes were amplified. Sequence analysis revealed variation in the TYRP1 (exon 5) and MC1R genes. Restriction enzyme analysis of these two genes could distinguish between different colours of Hanwoo cattle. Quantitative estimates of melanin and eumelanin in hair from three different-coloured Hanwoo phenotypes and Angus black showed significant differences at the breed and phenotypic levels. Finally, sequence variants in MC1R were associated with total melanin and eumelanin in breeds as well as in Hanwoo phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Mohanty
- Department of Animal Resources and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Korea
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Singh NK, Singh GR, Kinjavdekar P, Sharma AK, Mohanty TR, Kumar S, Chae HS, Yoo YM, Ahn CN. Articular Cartilage Repair with Autografting Under the Influence of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 54:210-8. [PMID: 17493168 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 has been successfully demonstrated to stimulate proteoglycan synthesis, slow down its catabolism and promote cartilage formation through well defined in vitro studies. It was therefore, assumed that IGF-1 would eventually serve to augment current cartilage repair techniques in vivo. Study was therefore, designed to determine the influence of IGF-1 in cartilage repair with or without autografting. For this purpose articular cartilage repair model was created in the left knee of 48 New Zealand white rabbits of either sex, 6-7 months old, weighing 1-2 kg. The articular cartilage defect was created in the femoral groove of femoro-patellar joint using hand held trephine under xylazine and ketamine anaesthesia in all the animals. The defect created was 3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth. For autografting, osteochondral tissues harvested from the proximal patellar groove of the femur were placed in the distal defect and vice versa. The experimental animals were divided mainly into four groups, i.e. Group A (control), Group B (autografting), Group C (control + IGF-1) and Group D (autografting + IGF-1). Animals of group A and B were provided only with collagen scaffolds at 10 mug/cm(2) whereas animals of treatment group C and D were provided with collagen scaffolds holding 30 ng/30 mul of IGF-1 into the defect. Evaluation of cartilage repair was done on days 15, 30 and 45 after ethically killing the animals. Initially IGF-1 had shown the tendency for either in the maintenance of autografted cartilage or helped in proliferation of chondroblast for the repair process. However, later in the process, cartilage formation apparently declined and appeared to converge to osseous tissue. Collectively, non-responsiveness of osteoarthritic chondrocytes to IGF-1 could be partially attributed to either increased IGF-binding proteins in the joint space, micromovement of the graft, lack of nutrition, dose of IGF-1 or its half life in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Singh
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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