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Lettow M, Greis K, Mucha E, Lambeth TR, Yaman M, Kontodimas V, Manz C, Hoffmann W, Meijer G, Julian RR, von Helden G, Marianski MR, Pagel K. Decoding the Fucose Migration Product during Mass‐Spectrometric Analysis of Blood Group Epitopes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202302883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Lettow
- FHI der MPG: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Molecular Physics Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Kim Greis
- FHI der MPG: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Molecular Physics Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Eike Mucha
- FHI der MPG: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Molecular Physics Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Tyler R. Lambeth
- University of California Riverside Department of Chemistry 501 Big Springs Rd 92521 Riverside UNITED STATES
| | - Murat Yaman
- Hunter College CUNY: Hunter College 3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry New York UNITED STATES
| | - Vasilis Kontodimas
- Hunter College CUNY: Hunter College 3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry New York UNITED STATES
| | - Christian Manz
- Freie Universitat Berlin Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Waldemar Hoffmann
- Freie Universitat Berlin Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy Altensteinstraße 23A 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Gerard Meijer
- FHI der MPG: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Molecular Physics Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Ryan R. Julian
- UC Riverside: University of California Riverside Department of Chemistry 501 Big Springs Rd 92521 Riverside UNITED STATES
| | - Gert von Helden
- FHI der MPG: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Molecular Physics Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Mateusz R. Marianski
- Hunter College CUNY: Hunter College Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry New York UNITED STATES
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin GERMANY
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Lettow M, Greis K, Mucha E, Lambeth TR, Yaman M, Kontodimas V, Manz C, Hoffmann W, Meijer G, Julian RR, von Helden G, Marianski MR, Pagel K. Decoding the Fucose Migration Product during Mass-Spectrometric Analysis of Blood Group Epitopes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202302883. [PMID: 36939315 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Fucose is a signaling carbohydrate that is attached at the end of glycan processing. It is involved in a range of processes, such as the selectin-dependent leukocyte adhesion or pathogen-receptor interactions. Mass-spectrometric techniques, which are commonly used to determine the structure of glycans, frequently show fucose-containing chimeric fragments that obfuscate the analysis. The rearrangement leading to these fragments - often referred to as fucose migration - has been known for more than 25 years, but the chemical identity of the rearrangement product remains unclear. In this work, we combine ion-mobility spectrometry, radical-directed dissociation mass spectrometry, cryogenic-ion IR spectroscopy, and density-functional theory calculations to deduce the product of the rearrangement in the model trisaccharides Lewis x and blood group H2. The structural search yields the fucose moiety attached to the galactose with an α(1 → 6) glycosidic bond as the most likely product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Lettow
- FHI der MPG: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Molecular Physics, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Kim Greis
- FHI der MPG: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Molecular Physics, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Eike Mucha
- FHI der MPG: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Molecular Physics, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Tyler R Lambeth
- University of California Riverside, Department of Chemistry, 501 Big Springs Rd, 92521, Riverside, UNITED STATES
| | - Murat Yaman
- Hunter College CUNY: Hunter College, 3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - Vasilis Kontodimas
- Hunter College CUNY: Hunter College, 3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - Christian Manz
- Freie Universitat Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, 14195, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Waldemar Hoffmann
- Freie Universitat Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Altensteinstraße 23A, 14195, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Gerard Meijer
- FHI der MPG: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Molecular Physics, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Ryan R Julian
- UC Riverside: University of California Riverside, Department of Chemistry, 501 Big Springs Rd, 92521, Riverside, UNITED STATES
| | - Gert von Helden
- FHI der MPG: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Molecular Physics, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Mateusz R Marianski
- Hunter College CUNY: Hunter College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Freie Universitat Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, GERMANY
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Lambeth TR, Julian RR. Efficient Isothiocyanate Modification of Peptides Facilitates Structural Analysis by Radical-Directed Dissociation. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2022; 33:1338-1345. [PMID: 34670075 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radical-directed dissociation (RDD) is a powerful technique for structural characterization of peptides in mass spectrometry experiments. Prior to analysis, a radical precursor must typically be appended to facilitate generation of a free radical. To explore the use of a radical precursor that can be easily attached in a single step, we modified peptides using a "click" reaction with iodophenyl isothiocyanate. Coupling with amine functional groups proceeds with high yields, producing stable iodophenylthiourea-modified peptides. Photodissociation yields were recorded at 266 and 213 nm for the 2-, 3-, and 4-iodo isomers of the modifier and found to be highest for the 4-iodo isomer in nearly all cases. Fragmentation of the modified peptides following collisional activation revealed favorable losses of the tag, and electronic structure calculations were used to evaluate a potential mechanism involving hydrogen transfer within the thiourea group. Examination of RDD data revealed that 4-iodobenzoic acid, 4-iodophenylthiourea, and 3-iodotyrosine yield similar fragmentation patterns for a given peptide, although differences in fragment abundance are noted. Iodophenyl isothiocyanate labeling in combination with RDD can be used to differentiate isomeric amino acids within peptides, which should facilitate simplified evaluation of isomers present in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Lambeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ryan R Julian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Silzel JW, Lambeth TR, Julian RR. PIMT-Mediated Labeling of l-Isoaspartic Acid with Tris Facilitates Identification of Isomerization Sites in Long-Lived Proteins. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2022; 33:548-556. [PMID: 35113558 PMCID: PMC9930442 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Isomerization of individual residues in long-lived proteins (LLPs) is a subject of growing interest in connection with many age-related human diseases. When isomerization occurs in LLPs, it can lead to deleterious changes in protein structure, function, and proteolytic degradation. Herein, we present a novel labeling technique for rapid identification of l-isoAsp using the enzyme protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) and Tris. The succinimide intermediate formed during reaction of l-isoAsp-containing peptides with PIMT and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) is reactive with Tris base and results in a Tris-modified aspartic acid residue with a mass shift of +103 Da. Tris-modified aspartic acid exhibits prominent and repeated neutral loss of water when subjected to collisional activation. In addition, another dissociation pathway regenerates the original peptide following loss of a characteristic mass shift. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Tris modification can be used to identify sites of isomerization in LLPs from biological samples such as the lens of the eye. This approach simplifies identification by labeling isomerization sites with a tag that causes a mass shift and provides characteristic loss during collisional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan R. Julian
- Corresponding Author correspondence should be sent to: , Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92521, USA, (951) 827-3959
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Wall JS, Martin EB, Endsley A, Stuckey AC, Williams AD, Powell D, Whittle B, Hall S, Lambeth TR, Julian RR, Stabin M, Lands RH, Kennel SJ. First in Human Evaluation and Dosimetry Calculations for Peptide 124I-p5+14-a Novel Radiotracer for the Detection of Systemic Amyloidosis Using PET/CT Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:479-488. [PMID: 34786667 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate diagnosis of amyloidosis remains a significant clinical challenge and unmet need for patients. The amyloid-reactive peptide p5+14 radiolabeled with iodine-124 has been developed for the detection of amyloid by PET/CT imaging. In a first-in-human evaluation, the dosimetry and tissue distribution of 124I-p5+14 peptide in patients with systemic amyloidosis. Herein, we report the dosimetry and dynamic distribution in the first three enrolled patients with light chain-associated (AL) amyloidosis. PROCEDURES The radiotracer was assessed in a single-site, open-label phase 1 study (NCT03678259). The first three patients received a single intravenous infusion of 124I-p5+14 peptide (≤37 MBq). Serial PET/CT imaging was performed during the 48 h post-infusion. Dosimetry was determined as a primary endpoint for each patient and gender-averaged mean values were calculated. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from whole blood radioactivity measurements and organ-based time activity data. Lastly, the biodistribution of radiotracer in major organs was assessed visually and compared to clinically appreciated organ involvement. RESULTS Infusion of the 124I-p5+14 was well tolerated with rapid uptake in the heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, pancreas, and lung. The gender-averaged whole-body effective radiation dose was estimated to be 0.23 (± 0.02) mSv/MBq with elimination of the radioactivity via renal and gastrointestinal routes. The whole blood elimination t1/2 of 21.9 ± 7.6 h. Organ-based activity concentration measurements indicated that AUClast tissue:blood ratios generally correlated with the anticipated presence of amyloid. Peptide uptake was observed in 4/5 clinically suspected organs, as noted in the medical record, as well as six anatomic sites generally associated with amyloidosis in this population. CONCLUSION Peptide 124I-p5+14 rapidly distributes to anatomic sites consistent with the presence of amyloid in patients with systemic AL. The dosimetry estimates established in this cohort are acceptable for whole-body PET/CT imaging. Pharmacokinetic parameters are heterogeneous and consistent with uptake of the tracer in an amyloid compartment. PET/CT imaging of 124I-p5+14 may facilitate non-invasive detection of amyloid in multiple organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA.
| | - Emily B Martin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | | | - Alan C Stuckey
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Angela D Williams
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Dustin Powell
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bryan Whittle
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tyler R Lambeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ryan R Julian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Ronald H Lands
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Stephen J Kennel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
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Zenaidee MA, Wei B, Lantz C, Wu HT, Lambeth TR, Diedrich JK, Loo RRO, Julian RR, Loo JA. Internal Fragments Generated from Different Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Fragmentation Methods Extend Protein Sequence Coverage. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:1752-1758. [PMID: 34101447 PMCID: PMC9090460 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Top-down mass spectrometry (TD-MS) of intact proteins results in fragment ions that can be correlated to the protein primary sequence. Fragments generated can either be terminal fragments that contain the N- or C-terminus or internal fragments that contain neither termini. Traditionally in TD-MS experiments, the generation of internal fragments has been avoided because of ambiguity in assigning these fragments. Here, we demonstrate that in TD-MS experiments internal fragments can be formed and assigned in collision-based, electron-based, and photon-based fragmentation methods and are rich with sequence information, allowing for a greater extent of the primary protein sequence to be explained. For the three test proteins cytochrome c, myoglobin, and carbonic anhydrase II, the inclusion of internal fragments in the analysis resulted in approximately 15-20% more sequence coverage, with no less than 85% sequence coverage obtained. Combining terminal fragment and internal fragment assignments results in near complete protein sequence coverage. Hence, by including both terminal and internal fragment assignments in TD-MS analysis, deep protein sequence analysis, allowing for the localization of modification sites more reliably, can be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Zenaidee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Benqian Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Carter Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hoi Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Tyler R. Lambeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Jolene K. Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ryan R. Julian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Abstract
Cathepsin B is an important protease within the lysosome, where it helps recycle proteins to maintain proteostasis. It is also known to degrade proteins elsewhere but has no other known functionality. However, by carefully monitoring peptide digestion with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, we observed the synthesis of novel peptides during cathepsin B incubations. This ligation activity was explored further with a variety of peptide substrates to establish mechanistic details and was found to operate through a two-step mechanism with proteolysis and ligation occurring separately. Further explorations using varied sequences indicated increased affinity for some substrates, though all were found to ligate to some extent. Finally, experiments with a proteolytically inactive form of the enzyme yielded no ligation, indicating that the ligation reaction occurs in the same active site but in the reverse direction of proteolysis. These results clearly establish that in its native form cathepsin B can act as both a protease and ligase, although protease action eventually dominates over longer periods of time. Cathepsin B is an important protease within the lysosome, where it helps recycle proteins to maintain proteostasis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Lambeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA
| | - Zhefu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Ryan R Julian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA
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