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Beyreuther E, Pawelke J, Brand M, Hans S, Hideghéty K, Jansen J, Karsch L, Lessmann E, Löck S, Schürer M, Seco J, Szabo E, Schramm U. OC-0094 Beam pulse structure affects the magnitude of Flash effect in zebrafish embryo. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2
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Laso Garcia A, Hannasch A, Molodtsova M, Ferrari A, Couperus Cadabağ JP, Downer MC, Irman A, Kraft SD, Metzkes-Ng J, Naumann L, Prencipe I, Schramm U, Zeil K, Zgadzaj R, Ziegler T, Cowan TE. Calorimeter with Bayesian unfolding of spectra of high-flux broadband x rays. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:043102. [PMID: 35489906 DOI: 10.1063/5.0078443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a multipurpose differential x-ray calorimeter with a broad energy bandwidth. The absorber architecture is combined with a Bayesian unfolding algorithm to unfold high energy x-ray spectra generated in high-intensity laser-matter interactions. Particularly, we show how to extract absolute energy spectra and how our unfolding algorithm can reconstruct features not included in the initial guess. The performance of the calorimeter is evaluated via Monte Carlo generated data. The method accuracy to reconstruct electron temperatures from bremsstrahlung is shown to be 5% for electron temperatures from 1 to 50 MeV. We study bremsstrahlung generated in solid target interaction showing an electron temperature of 0.56 ± 0.04 MeV for a 700 μm Ti titanium target and 0.53 ± 0.03 MeV for a 50 μm target. We investigate bremsstrahlung from a target irradiated by laser-wakefield accelerated electrons showing an endpoint energy of 551 ± 5 MeV, inverse Compton generated x rays with a peak energy of 1.1 MeV, and calibrated radioactive sources. The total energy range covered by all these sources ranges from 10 keV to 551 MeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Laso Garcia
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - A Hannasch
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081, USA
| | - M Molodtsova
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - A Ferrari
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - J P Couperus Cadabağ
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - M C Downer
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081, USA
| | - A Irman
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - S D Kraft
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - J Metzkes-Ng
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - L Naumann
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - I Prencipe
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - K Zeil
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - R Zgadzaj
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081, USA
| | - T Ziegler
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - T E Cowan
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
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Beyreuther E, Brack FE, Brüchner K, Hans S, Jansen J, Karsch L, Kroll F, Lessmann E, Löck S, Metzkes-Ng J, Pawelke J, Reimold M, Schramm U, Szabó R, Zeil K. FLASH Modalities Track (Oral Presentations) ULTRA-HIGH DOSE RATE PROTON RADIOBIOLOGY AT THE “DRESDEN PLATFORM FOR HIGH DOSE-RATE RADIOBIOLOGY”. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Gerlach S, Balling F, Anna-Katharina S, Brack FE, Kirsch L, Kroll F, Schramm U, Zeil K, Assmann W, Parodi K, Schreiber J. PARTICLE DOSIMETRY FOR PULSED ULTRA-HIGH PEAK DOSE RATES: THE I-BEAT DETECTOR. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Hannasch A, Laso Garcia A, LaBerge M, Zgadzaj R, Köhler A, Couperus Cabadağ JP, Zarini O, Kurz T, Ferrari A, Molodtsova M, Naumann L, Cowan TE, Schramm U, Irman A, Downer MC. Compact spectroscopy of keV to MeV X-rays from a laser wakefield accelerator. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14368. [PMID: 34257331 PMCID: PMC8277848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We reconstruct spectra of secondary X-rays from a tunable 250–350 MeV laser wakefield electron accelerator from single-shot X-ray depth-energy measurements in a compact (7.5 × 7.5 × 15 cm), modular X-ray calorimeter made of alternating layers of absorbing materials and imaging plates. X-rays range from few-keV betatron to few-MeV inverse Compton to > 100 MeV bremsstrahlung emission, and are characterized both individually and in mixtures. Geant4 simulations of energy deposition of single-energy X-rays in the stack generate an energy-vs-depth response matrix for a given stack configuration. An iterative reconstruction algorithm based on analytic models of betatron, inverse Compton and bremsstrahlung photon energy distributions then unfolds X-ray spectra, typically within a minute. We discuss uncertainties, limitations and extensions of both measurement and reconstruction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hannasch
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA
| | - A Laso Garcia
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M LaBerge
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA.,The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - R Zgadzaj
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA
| | - A Köhler
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - J P Couperus Cabadağ
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - O Zarini
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Kurz
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Ferrari
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Molodtsova
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - L Naumann
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - T E Cowan
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Irman
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M C Downer
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA.
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Millar NL, Mcinnes I, Mindeholm L, Seroutou A, Praestgaard J, Schramm U, Levitch R, Weber E, Laurent D, Rosen J, Schett G, Roubenoff R, Schieker M. POS0020 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SECUKINUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH ROTATOR CUFF TENDINOPATHY: A 24-WEEK, RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, PHASE II PROOF-OF-CONCEPT TRIAL. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Rotator cuff tendinopathy (RC TP) is a multifactorial condition and one of the most common causes of musculoskeletal burden. Current standard of care (SoC) is limited to pain relief with NSAIDs and physiotherapy. Recent evidence indicates that IL-17A-expressing tendon-resident immune cells are present in human overuse tendinopathy, and IL-17A levels are increased in early human tendinopathic tissue samples [1, 2]. Secukinumab (SEC) is a fully human, monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralises IL-17A.Objectives:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SEC in patients with active overuse RC TP refractory to oral NSAIDs/acetaminophen, physiotherapy or corticosteroid injections.Methods:96 patients with symptomatic RC TP with no or <50% rupture were randomly assigned to receive seven subcutaneous injections of SEC 300 mg or placebo (PBO) at baseline and Weeks 1, 2 and 3, followed by every 4 weeks starting at Week 4. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index score at Week 14 for SEC vs PBO (two-sided p<0.1). Secondary endpoints included, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Evaluation Form (ASES), EQ-5D-5L score and patient global assessment (PGA) score. All endpoints were assessed through 24 weeks.Results:Clinically relevant improvement in both SEC and PBO groups on top of SoC treatment was observed, with no statistically significant difference demonstrated in the full study population on physical symptoms and function (Table 1). Similar results were observed in the secondary endpoints with marked improvement in both groups over time. Exploratory post-hoc analyses in a subpopulation of 39% of the study subjects with non-acute, moderate to severe disease, SEC provided significant and clinically relevant improvements vs PBO through Week 24 in total WORC score (overall treatment difference: 19.2, p <0.01) and pain (VAS, overall treatment difference: 15, p = 0.02) with early effect observed after two weeks (Figure 1). A favourable treatment effect in the more severe subgroup was demonstrated in other patient-reported outcomes. No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion:Although SEC did not demonstrate a significant benefit vs PBO in the overall patient population with active overuse RC TP, SEC did provide benefit in the subpopulation with non-acute, moderate to severe disease. Larger clinical trials of SEC in this area are warranted.References:[1]Millar NL, et al. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27149.[2]Millar NL, et al. Nat Rev Rheumatol.2017;13:110-122.Table 1.Change from baseline in the SEC versus PBO groups in WORC index and pain (VAS)VisitSEC 300 mgPBOp-valueTotal treated population N=96WORC Index percentage score (0 worst -100 best)aDay 2922.3519.490.45Day 9937.0037.770.87Day 16943.4140.970.64Pain (VAS, 0 best - 100 worst)bDay 29−26.04−23.130.57Day 99−46.11−40.560.28Day 169−52.23−50.740.78Post-hoc population* N=37WORC Index percentage score (0 worst - 100 best)cDay 2930.0910.840.002Day 9948.2631.830.048Day 16955.9835.240.028Pain (VAS, 0 best - 100 worst)dDay 29−29.20−14.850.125Day 99−51.48−35.370.045Day 169−57.01−46.640.217aDay 1: SEC 42.47, PBO 40.47; bSEC 67.04, PBO 64.85; cSEC 35.93, PBO 32.90, dSEC 71.72, PBO 67.58. Day 1 values are given as absolute values to describe baseline WORC/Pain status*Post-hoc subpopulation: Baseline: (Disease duration 2-6 months) AND (WORC ≤40 OR Tear Thickness (Bauer) ≥1 OR Sein ≥2)PBO, placebo; SEC, secukinumab; SoC, standard of care; WORC, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index; VAS, visual analogue scaleFigure 1.Post-hoc analysis of function (WORC) in the treatment groups in non-acute, moderate to severe subpopulationSECSE, standard error; SEC, secukinumab; WORC, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff IndexDisclosure of Interests:Neal L Millar Grant/research support from: Honoraria or research funding from Novartis and Stryker, Iain McInnes Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Linda Mindeholm Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Abdelkader Seroutou Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Jens Praestgaard Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Ursula Schramm Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Rafael Levitch Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Eckhard Weber Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Didier Laurent Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Jeffrey Rosen Consultant of: Research advisor for Novartis, Georg Schett Speakers bureau: Received speakers honoraria from Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Novartis, UCB, Ronenn Roubenoff Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Matthias Schieker Employee of: Employee of Novartis.
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Lumpkin AH, LaBerge M, Rule DW, Zgadzaj R, Hannasch A, Zarini O, Bowers B, Irman A, Couperus Cabadağ JP, Debus A, Köhler A, Schramm U, Downer MC. Coherent Optical Signatures of Electron Microbunching in Laser-Driven Plasma Accelerators. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:014801. [PMID: 32678646 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.014801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report observations of coherent optical transition radiation interferometry (COTRI) patterns generated by microbunched ∼200-MeV electrons as they emerge from a laser-driven plasma accelerator. The divergence of the microbunched portion of electrons, deduced by comparison to a COTRI model, is ∼9× smaller than the ∼3 mrad ensemble beam divergence, while the radius of the microbunched beam, obtained from COTR images on the same shot, is <3 μm. The combined results show that the microbunched distribution has estimated transverse normalized emittance ∼0.4 mm mrad.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Lumpkin
- Accelerator Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M LaBerge
- Physics Department, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - D W Rule
- Silver Spring, Maryland 20904, USA
| | - R Zgadzaj
- Physics Department, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Hannasch
- Physics Department, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - O Zarini
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Bowers
- Physics Department, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Irman
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - J P Couperus Cabadağ
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Debus
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Köhler
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - M C Downer
- Physics Department, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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8
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Martinez de la Ossa A, Assmann RW, Bussmann M, Corde S, Couperus Cabadağ JP, Debus A, Döpp A, Ferran Pousa A, Gilljohann MF, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Irman A, Karsch S, Kononenko O, Kurz T, Osterhoff J, Pausch R, Schöbel S, Schramm U. Hybrid LWFA-PWFA staging as a beam energy and brightness transformer: conceptual design and simulations. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20180175. [PMID: 31230579 PMCID: PMC6602909 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a conceptual design for a hybrid laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (LWFA) to beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA). In this set-up, the output beams from an LWFA stage are used as input beams of a new PWFA stage. In the PWFA stage, a new witness beam of largely increased quality can be produced and accelerated to higher energies. The feasibility and the potential of this concept is shown through exemplary particle-in-cell simulations. In addition, preliminary simulation results for a proof-of-concept experiment in Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (Germany) are shown. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. W. Assmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | | | - A. Debus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Döpp
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Ferran Pousa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. F. Gilljohann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T. Heinemann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - B. Hidding
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - A. Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Karsch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - O. Kononenko
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - T. Kurz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Schöbel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - U. Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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Jahn D, Träger M, Kis M, Brabetz C, Schumacher D, Blažević A, Ciobanu M, Pomorski M, Bonnes U, Busold S, Kroll F, Brack FE, Schramm U, Roth M. Chemical-vapor deposited ultra-fast diamond detectors for temporal measurements of ion bunches. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:093304. [PMID: 30278706 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on the development of thin diamond detectors and their characterization for their application in temporal profile measurements of subnanosecond ion bunches. Two types of diamonds were used: a 20 μm thin polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond and a membrane with a thickness of (5 ± 1) μm etched out of a single crystal (sc) CVD diamond. The combination of a small detector electrode and an impedance matched signal outlet leads to excellent time response properties with a signal pulse resolution (FWHM) of τ = (113 ± 11) ps. Such a fast diamond detector is a perfect device for the time of flight measurements of MeV ions with bunch durations in the subnanosecond regime. The scCVD diamond membrane detector was successfully implemented within the framework of the laser ion generation handling and transport project, in which ion beams are accelerated via a laser-driven source and shaped with conventional accelerator technology. The detector was used to measure subnanosecond proton bunches with an intensity of 108 protons per bunch.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jahn
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Träger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Kis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Schumacher
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Blažević
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Ciobanu
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Pomorski
- CEA-LIST, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - U Bonnes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Busold
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Kroll
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - F-E Brack
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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Pausch R, Bussmann M, Huebl A, Schramm U, Steiniger K, Widera R, Debus A. Identifying the linear phase of the relativistic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and measuring its growth rate via radiation. Phys Rev E 2018; 96:013316. [PMID: 29347084 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.013316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For the relativistic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI), which occurs at shear interfaces between two plasma streams, we report results on the polarized radiation over all observation directions and frequencies emitted by the plasma electrons from ab initio kinetic simulations. We find the polarization of the radiation to provide a clear signature for distinguishing the linear phase of the KHI from its other phases. During the linear phase, we predict the growth rate of the KHI radiation power to match the growth rate of the KHI to a high degree. Our predictions are based on a model of the vortex dynamics, which describes the electron motion in the vicinity of the shear interface between the two streams. Albeit the complex and turbulent dynamics happening in the shear region, we find excellent agreement between our model and large-scale particle-in-cell simulations. Our findings pave the way for identifying the KHI linear regime and for measuring its growth rate in astrophysical jets observable on earth as well as in laboratory plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Steiniger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Widera
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Debus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Couperus JP, Pausch R, Köhler A, Zarini O, Krämer JM, Garten M, Huebl A, Gebhardt R, Helbig U, Bock S, Zeil K, Debus A, Bussmann M, Schramm U, Irman A. Demonstration of a beam loaded nanocoulomb-class laser wakefield accelerator. Nat Commun 2017; 8:487. [PMID: 28887456 PMCID: PMC5591198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-plasma wakefield accelerators have seen tremendous progress, now capable of producing quasi-monoenergetic electron beams in the GeV energy range with few-femtoseconds bunch duration. Scaling these accelerators to the nanocoulomb range would yield hundreds of kiloamperes peak current and stimulate the next generation of radiation sources covering high-field THz, high-brightness X-ray and γ-ray sources, compact free-electron lasers and laboratory-size beam-driven plasma accelerators. However, accelerators generating such currents operate in the beam loading regime where the accelerating field is strongly modified by the self-fields of the injected bunch, potentially deteriorating key beam parameters. Here we demonstrate that, if appropriately controlled, the beam loading effect can be employed to improve the accelerator's performance. Self-truncated ionization injection enables loading of unprecedented charges of ∼0.5 nC within a mono-energetic peak. As the energy balance is reached, we show that the accelerator operates at the theoretically predicted optimal loading condition and the final energy spread is minimized.Higher beam quality and stability are desired in laser-plasma accelerators for their applications in compact light sources. Here the authors demonstrate in laser plasma wakefield electron acceleration that the beam loading effect can be employed to improve beam quality by controlling the beam charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Couperus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - R Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Köhler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - O Zarini
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - J M Krämer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - R Gebhardt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Helbig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Bock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - K Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Debus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
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12
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Schramm U, Bussmann M, Irman A, Siebold M, Zeil K, Albach D, Bernert C, Bock S, Brack F, Branco J, Couperus JP, Cowan TE, Debus A, Eisenmann C, Garten M, Gebhardt R, Grams S, Helbig U, Huebl A, Kluge T, Köhler A, Krämer JM, Kraft S, Kroll F, Kuntzsch M, Lehnert U, Loeser M, Metzkes J, Michel P, Obst L, Pausch R, Rehwald M, Sauerbrey R, Schlenvoigt HP, Steiniger K, Zarini O. First results with the novel petawatt laser acceleration facility in Dresden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/874/1/012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Walker PA, Alesini PD, Alexandrova AS, Anania MP, Andreev NE, Andriyash I, Aschikhin A, Assmann RW, Audet T, Bacci A, Barna IF, Beaton A, Beck A, Beluze A, Bernhard A, Bielawski S, Bisesto FG, Boedewadt J, Brandi F, Bringer O, Brinkmann R, Bründermann E, Büscher M, Bussmann M, Bussolino GC, Chance A, Chanteloup JC, Chen M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Clarke J, Cole J, Couprie ME, Croia M, Cros B, Dale J, Dattoli G, Delerue N, Delferriere O, Delinikolas P, Dias J, Dorda U, Ertel K, Ferran Pousa A, Ferrario M, Filippi F, Fils J, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Galimberti M, Gallo A, Garzella D, Gastinel P, Giove D, Giribono A, Gizzi LA, Grüner FJ, Habib AF, Haefner LC, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Holzer BJ, Hooker SM, Hosokai T, Irman A, Jaroszynski DA, Jaster-Merz S, Joshi C, Kaluza MC, Kando M, Karger OS, Karsch S, Khazanov E, Khikhlukha D, Knetsch A, Kocon D, Koester P, Kononenko O, Korn G, Kostyukov I, Labate L, Lechner C, Leemans WP, Lehrach A, Li FY, Li X, Libov V, Lifschitz A, Litvinenko V, Lu W, Maier AR, Malka V, Manahan GG, Mangles SPD, Marchetti B, Marocchino A, Martinez de la Ossa A, Martins JL, Massimo F, Mathieu F, Maynard G, Mehrling TJ, Molodozhentsev AY, Mosnier A, Mostacci A, Mueller AS, Najmudin Z, Nghiem PAP, Nguyen F, Niknejadi P, Osterhoff J, Papadopoulos D, Patrizi B, Pattathil R, Petrillo V, Pocsai MA, Poder K, Pompili R, Pribyl L, Pugacheva D, Romeo S, Rossi AR, Roussel E, Sahai AA, Scherkl P, Schramm U, Schroeder CB, Schwindling J, Scifo J, Serafini L, Sheng ZM, Silva LO, Silva T, Simon C, Sinha U, Specka A, Streeter MJV, Svystun EN, Symes D, Szwaj C, Tauscher G, Thomas AGR, Thompson N, Toci G, Tomassini P, Vaccarezza C, Vannini M, Vieira JM, Villa F, Wahlström CG, Walczak R, Weikum MK, Welsch CP, Wiemann C, Wolfenden J, Xia G, Yabashi M, Yu L, Zhu J, Zigler A. Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA design study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/874/1/012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Masood U, Cowan TE, Enghardt W, Hofmann KM, Karsch L, Kroll F, Schramm U, Wilkens JJ, Pawelke J. A light-weight compact proton gantry design with a novel dose delivery system for broad-energetic laser-accelerated beams. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:5531-5555. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa7124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Göde S, Rödel C, Zeil K, Mishra R, Gauthier M, Brack FE, Kluge T, MacDonald MJ, Metzkes J, Obst L, Rehwald M, Ruyer C, Schlenvoigt HP, Schumaker W, Sommer P, Cowan TE, Schramm U, Glenzer S, Fiuza F. Relativistic Electron Streaming Instabilities Modulate Proton Beams Accelerated in Laser-Plasma Interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:194801. [PMID: 28548516 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.194801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental evidence that multi-MeV protons accelerated in relativistic laser-plasma interactions are modulated by strong filamentary electromagnetic fields. Modulations are observed when a preplasma is developed on the rear side of a μm-scale solid-density hydrogen target. Under such conditions, electromagnetic fields are amplified by the relativistic electron Weibel instability and are maximized at the critical density region of the target. The analysis of the spatial profile of the protons indicates the generation of B>10 MG and E>0.1 MV/μm fields with a μm-scale wavelength. These results are in good agreement with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and analytical estimates, which further confirm that this process is dominant for different target materials provided that a preplasma is formed on the rear side with scale length ≳0.13λ_{0}sqrt[a_{0}]. These findings impose important constraints on the preplasma levels required for high-quality proton acceleration for multipurpose applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Göde
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - C Rödel
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Mishra
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F-E Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - T Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M J MacDonald
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Metzkes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Obst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Ruyer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - H-P Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - W Schumaker
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Sommer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - T E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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16
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Lühr A, Gantz S, Schellhammer S, Zarini O, Zeil K, Schramm U, Hoffmann A. PV-0421: In-magnet measurement setup for proof-of-concept and commissioning of MR integrated proton therapy. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Karsch L, Beyreuther E, Enghardt W, Gotz M, Hermannsdörfer T, Krause M, Masood U, Pawelke J, Sauerbrey R, Schramm U, Schürer M, Baumann M. Development of laser-driven proton beam therapy. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw392.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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18
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Masood U, Baumann M, Cowan T, Enghardt W, Herrmannsdörfer T, Karsch L, Kroll F, Schramm U, Schürer M, Pawelke J. Status of the Development of a Novel Compact Proton Therapy Gantry System Based on Pulsed Magnets for Laser-Driven Beams. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Metzkes J, Zeil K, Kraft SD, Karsch L, Sobiella M, Rehwald M, Obst L, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U. An online, energy-resolving beam profile detector for laser-driven proton beams. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:083310. [PMID: 27587116 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a scintillator-based online beam profile detector for the characterization of laser-driven proton beams is presented. Using a pixelated matrix with varying absorber thicknesses, the proton beam is spatially resolved in two dimensions and simultaneously energy-resolved. A thin plastic scintillator placed behind the absorber and read out by a CCD camera is used as the active detector material. The spatial detector resolution reaches down to ∼4 mm and the detector can resolve proton beam profiles for up to 9 proton threshold energies. With these detector design parameters, the spatial characteristics of the proton distribution and its cut-off energy can be analyzed online and on-shot under vacuum conditions. The paper discusses the detector design, its characterization and calibration at a conventional proton source, as well as the first detector application at a laser-driven proton source.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Metzkes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S D Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Karsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Sobiella
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Obst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - H-P Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Masood U, Baumann M, Bussmann M, Cowan T, Enghardt W, Herrmannsdoerfer T, Hofmann K, Kaluza M, Karsch L, Kroll F, Schramm U, Schuerer M, Wilkens J, Pawelke J. Development of a Novel Compact Particle Therapy Facility With Laser Driven Ion Beams via Gantry Systems Based on Pulsed Magnets. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Masood U, Bussmann M, Cowan T, Enghardt W, Kaluza M, Herrmannsdoerfer T, Krause M, Pawelke J, Sauerbrey R, Schramm U, Baumann M. Development of Laser-Driven Proton Beam Therapy. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu358.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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22
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Bolton P, Borghesi M, Brenner C, Carroll D, De Martinis C, Fiorini F, Flacco A, Floquet V, Fuchs J, Gallegos P, Giove D, Green J, Green S, Jones B, Kirby D, McKenna P, Neely D, Nuesslin F, Prasad R, Reinhardt S, Roth M, Schramm U, Scott G, Ter-Avetisyan S, Tolley M, Turchetti G, Wilkens J. Instrumentation for diagnostics and control of laser-accelerated proton (ion) beams. Phys Med 2014; 30:255-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kluge
- Helmholtzzentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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24
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Jochmann A, Irman A, Bussmann M, Couperus JP, Cowan TE, Debus AD, Kuntzsch M, Ledingham KWD, Lehnert U, Sauerbrey R, Schlenvoigt HP, Seipt D, Stöhlker T, Thorn DB, Trotsenko S, Wagner A, Schramm U. High resolution energy-angle correlation measurement of hard x rays from laser-Thomson backscattering. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:114803. [PMID: 24074095 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.114803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thomson backscattering of intense laser pulses from relativistic electrons not only allows for the generation of bright x-ray pulses but also for the investigation of the complex particle dynamics at the interaction point. For this purpose a complete spectral characterization of a Thomson source powered by a compact linear electron accelerator is performed with unprecedented angular and energy resolution. A rigorous statistical analysis comparing experimental data to 3D simulations enables, e.g., the extraction of the angular distribution of electrons with 1.5% accuracy and, in total, provides predictive capability for the future high brightness hard x-ray source PHOENIX (photon electron collider for narrow bandwidth intense x rays) and potential gamma-ray sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jochmann
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Metzkes J, Karsch L, Kraft SD, Pawelke J, Richter C, Schürer M, Sobiella M, Stiller N, Zeil K, Schramm U. A scintillator-based online detector for the angularly resolved measurement of laser-accelerated proton spectra. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:123301. [PMID: 23277976 DOI: 10.1063/1.4768672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a new generation of high repetition rate (~10 Hz), high power (~100 TW) laser systems has stimulated intense research on laser-driven sources for fast protons. Considering experimental instrumentation, this development requires online diagnostics for protons to be added to the established offline detection tools such as solid state track detectors or radiochromic films. In this article, we present the design and characterization of a scintillator-based online detector that gives access to the angularly resolved proton distribution along one spatial dimension and resolves 10 different proton energy ranges. Conceived as an online detector for key parameters in laser-proton acceleration, such as the maximum proton energy and the angular distribution, the detector features a spatial resolution of ~1.3 mm and a spectral resolution better than 1.5 MeV for a maximum proton energy above 12 MeV in the current design. Regarding its areas of application, we consider the detector a useful complement to radiochromic films and Thomson parabola spectrometers, capable to give immediate feedback on the experimental performance. The detector was characterized at an electrostatic Van de Graaff tandetron accelerator and tested in a laser-proton acceleration experiment, proving its suitability as a diagnostic device for laser-accelerated protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Metzkes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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26
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Siebold M, Loeser M, Roeser F, Seltmann M, Harzendorf G, Tsybin I, Linke S, Banerjee S, Mason PD, Phillips PJ, Ertel K, Collier JC, Schramm U. High-energy, ceramic-disk Yb:LuAG laser amplifier. Opt Express 2012; 20:21992-22000. [PMID: 23037349 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.021992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the first short-pulse amplification results to several hundred millijoule energies in ceramic Yb:LuAG. We have demonstrated ns-pulse output from a diode-pumped Yb:LuAG amplifier at a maximum energy of 580 mJ and a peak optical-to-optical efficiency of 28% at 550 mJ. In cavity dumped operation of a nanosecond oscillator we obtained 1 mJ at up to 100 Hz repetition rate. A gain bandwidth of 5.4 nm was achieved at room temperature by measuring the small-signal single-pass gain. Furthermore, we compared our results with Yb:YAG within the same amplifier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Siebold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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27
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van den Bussche H, Jahncke-Latteck ÄD, Ernst A, Tetzlaff B, Wiese B, Schramm U. [Satisfied general practitioners and critical nursing staff - problems of interprofessional cooperation in the home care of dementia patients]. Gesundheitswesen 2012; 75:328-33. [PMID: 22932828 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1321754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Analysis of views of general practioners and nurses of interprofessional cooperation between general practititoners and nurses in the ambulatory care of dementia patients is presented. METHODS A survey was carried out among general practitioners and nurses caring for community dwelling dementia patients in Hamburg. RESULTS The majority of GPs and nurses consider interprofessional cooperation to be good and beneficial for their own work. GPs are generally more positive about the quality of cooperation than nurses. Joint sessions for planning and evaluation of care are seldom. Even so, more GPs than nurses evaluate the frequency of these meetings to be sufficient. Although nurses are more critical about the quality of the cooperation with the GPs, they seldom address the GP to express their criticism. CONSEQUENCES To make cooperation work, the matter should be part of the training of both physicians and nurses and the hierarchy between the 2 groups should be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- H van den Bussche
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Zeil K, Metzkes J, Kluge T, Bussmann M, Cowan TE, Kraft SD, Sauerbrey R, Schramm U. Direct observation of prompt pre-thermal laser ion sheath acceleration. Nat Commun 2012; 3:874. [PMID: 22673901 PMCID: PMC3621399 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity laser plasma-based ion accelerators provide unsurpassed field gradients in the megavolt-per-micrometer range. They represent promising candidates for next-generation applications such as ion beam cancer therapy in compact facilities. The weak scaling of maximum ion energies with the square-root of the laser intensity, established for large sub-picosecond class laser systems, motivates the search for more efficient acceleration processes. Here we demonstrate that for ultrashort (pulse duration ~30 fs) highly relativistic (intensity ~1021 W cm−2) laser pulses, the intra-pulse phase of the proton acceleration process becomes relevant, yielding maximum energies of around 20 MeV. Prominent non-target-normal emission of energetic protons, reflecting an engineered asymmetry in the field distribution of promptly accelerated electrons, is used to identify this pre-thermal phase of the acceleration. The relevant timescale reveals the underlying physics leading to the near-linear intensity scaling observed for 100 TW class table-top laser systems. High-intensity laser-plasma ion generation is promising as a compact proton source for applications like ion beam therapy. Using a femtosecond table-top laser system, Zeil et al. show that protons efficiently gain energy in the pre-thermal intra-pulse phase of the generation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
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Laschinsky L, Baumann M, Beyreuther E, Burris-Mog T, Cowan T, Enghardt W, Kaluza M, Karsch L, Kraft S, Lessmann E, Metzkes J, Nicolai M, Oppelt M, Richter C, Schlenvoigt H, Schramm U, Schürer M, Zeil K, Pawelke J. 164 TOWARD LASER DRIVEN PROTON THERAPY: RESULTS OF THE BASIC TRANSLATIONAL STEP. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kluge T, Cowan T, Debus A, Schramm U, Zeil K, Bussmann M. Electron temperature scaling in laser interaction with solids. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:205003. [PMID: 22181740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.205003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A precise knowledge of the temperature and number of hot electrons generated in the interaction of short-pulse high-intensity lasers with solids is crucial for harnessing the energy of a laser pulse in applications such as laser-driven ion acceleration or fast ignition. Nevertheless, present scaling laws tend to overestimate the hot electron temperature when compared to experiment and simulations. We present a novel approach that is based on a weighted average of the kinetic energy of an ensemble of electrons. We find that the scaling of electron energy with laser intensity can be derived from a general Lorentz invariant electron distribution ansatz that does not rely on a specific model of energy absorption. The scaling derived is in perfect agreement with simulation results and clearly follows the trend seen in recent experiments, especially at high laser intensities where other scalings fail to describe the simulations accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Germany.
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31
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Pawelke J, Baumann M, Beyreuther E, Burris-Mog T, Cowan T, Dammene Y, Enghardt W, Kaluza M, Karsch L, Kraft S, Laschinsky L, Leβmann E, Metzkes J, Naumburger D, Nicolai M, Richter C, Schlenvoigt H, Schramm U, Schürer M, Woithe J, Zeil K. 563 speaker LASER DRIVEN ACCELERATORS FOR RADIOBIOLOGY EXPERIMENT. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)70685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Richter C, Karsch L, Dammene Y, Kraft SD, Metzkes J, Schramm U, Schürer M, Sobiella M, Weber A, Zeil K, Pawelke J. A dosimetric system for quantitative cell irradiation experiments with laser-accelerated protons. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:1529-43. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/6/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Jung D, Hörlein R, Kiefer D, Letzring S, Gautier DC, Schramm U, Hübsch C, Öhm R, Albright BJ, Fernandez JC, Habs D, Hegelich BM. Development of a high resolution and high dispersion Thomson parabola. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:013306. [PMID: 21280824 DOI: 10.1063/1.3523428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the development of a novel high resolution and high dispersion Thomson parabola for simultaneously resolving protons and low-Z ions of more than 100 MeV/nucleon necessary to explore novel laser ion acceleration schemes. High electric and magnetic fields enable energy resolutions of ΔE∕E < 5% at 100 MeV/nucleon and impede premature merging of different ion species at low energies on the detector plane. First results from laser driven ion acceleration experiments performed at the Trident Laser Facility demonstrate high resolution and superior species and charge state separation of this novel Thomson parabola for ion energies of more than 30 MeV/nucleon.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jung
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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34
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Buffechoux S, Psikal J, Nakatsutsumi M, Romagnani L, Andreev A, Zeil K, Amin M, Antici P, Burris-Mog T, Compant-La-Fontaine A, d'Humières E, Fourmaux S, Gaillard S, Gobet F, Hannachi F, Kraft S, Mancic A, Plaisir C, Sarri G, Tarisien M, Toncian T, Schramm U, Tampo M, Audebert P, Willi O, Cowan TE, Pépin H, Tikhonchuk V, Borghesi M, Fuchs J. Hot electrons transverse refluxing in ultraintense laser-solid interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:015005. [PMID: 20867457 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed the coupling of ultraintense lasers (at ∼2×10{19} W/cm{2}) with solid foils of limited transverse extent (∼10 s of μm) by monitoring the electrons and ions emitted from the target. We observe that reducing the target surface area allows electrons at the target surface to be reflected from the target edges during or shortly after the laser pulse. This transverse refluxing can maintain a hotter, denser and more homogeneous electron sheath around the target for a longer time. Consequently, when transverse refluxing takes places within the acceleration time of associated ions, we observe increased maximum proton energies (up to threefold), increased laser-to-ion conversion efficiency (up to a factor 30), and reduced divergence which bodes well for a number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Buffechoux
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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35
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Kluge T, Enghardt W, Kraft SD, Schramm U, Sentoku Y, Zeil K, Cowan TE, Sauerbrey R, Bussmann M. Efficient laser-ion acceleration from closely stacked ultrathin foils. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 82:016405. [PMID: 20866745 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.016405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new scheme to efficiently accelerate protons by a single linear polarized high-intensity ultrashort laser pulse using multiple ultrathin foils is proposed. The foils are stacked at a spacing comparable to their thickness and subsequently irradiated by the same laser pulse. The foil thicknesses are chosen such that the laser light pressure can displace all electrons out of the foil. The authors present a simple, yet precise dynamical model of the acceleration process from which both optimum foil thickness and spacing can be derived. Extensive two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell simulations verify the model predictions and suggest an enhancement of the maximum proton kinetic energy by 30% for the two-foil case compared to a single foil.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kluge
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, Dresden, Germany.
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36
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Buck A, Zeil K, Popp A, Schmid K, Jochmann A, Kraft SD, Hidding B, Kudyakov T, Sears CMS, Veisz L, Karsch S, Pawelke J, Sauerbrey R, Cowan T, Krausz F, Schramm U. Absolute charge calibration of scintillating screens for relativistic electron detection. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:033301. [PMID: 20370164 DOI: 10.1063/1.3310275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on new charge calibrations and linearity tests with high-dynamic range for eight different scintillating screens typically used for the detection of relativistic electrons from laser-plasma based acceleration schemes. The absolute charge calibration was done with picosecond electron bunches at the ELBE linear accelerator in Dresden. The lower detection limit in our setup for the most sensitive scintillating screen (KODAK Biomax MS) was 10 fC/mm(2). The screens showed a linear photon-to-charge dependency over several orders of magnitude. An onset of saturation effects starting around 10-100 pC/mm(2) was found for some of the screens. Additionally, a constant light source was employed as a luminosity reference to simplify the transfer of a one-time absolute calibration to different experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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37
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Debus AD, Bussmann M, Schramm U, Sauerbrey R, Murphy CD, Major Z, Hörlein R, Veisz L, Schmid K, Schreiber J, Witte K, Jamison SP, Gallacher JG, Jaroszynski DA, Kaluza MC, Hidding B, Kiselev S, Heathcote R, Foster PS, Neely D, Divall EJ, Hooker CJ, Smith JM, Ertel K, Langley AJ, Norreys P, Collier JL, Karsch S. Electron bunch length measurements from laser-accelerated electrons using single-shot THz time-domain interferometry. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:084802. [PMID: 20366938 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.084802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Laser-plasma wakefield-based electron accelerators are expected to deliver ultrashort electron bunches with unprecedented peak currents. However, their actual pulse duration has never been directly measured in a single-shot experiment. We present measurements of the ultrashort duration of such electron bunches by means of THz time-domain interferometry. With data obtained using a 0.5 J, 45 fs, 800 nm laser and a ZnTe-based electro-optical setup, we demonstrate the duration of laser-accelerated, quasimonoenergetic electron bunches [best fit of 32 fs (FWHM) with a 90% upper confidence level of 38 fs] to be shorter than the drive laser pulse, but similar to the plasma period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Debus
- Forschungzentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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38
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Zeil K, Kraft SD, Jochmann A, Kroll F, Jahr W, Schramm U, Karsch L, Pawelke J, Hidding B, Pretzler G. Absolute response of Fuji imaging plate detectors to picosecond-electron bunches. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:013307. [PMID: 20113093 DOI: 10.1063/1.3284524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of the absolute number of electrons generated by laser wakefield acceleration often relies on absolutely calibrated FUJI imaging plates (IP), although their validity in the regime of extreme peak currents is untested. Here, we present an extensive study on the dependence of the sensitivity of BAS-SR and BAS-MS IP to picosecond electron bunches of varying charge of up to 60 pC, performed at the electron accelerator ELBE, making use of about three orders of magnitude of higher peak intensity than in prior studies. We demonstrate that the response of the IPs shows no saturation effect and that the BAS-SR IP sensitivity of 0.0081 photostimulated luminescence per electron number confirms surprisingly well data from previous works. However, the use of the identical readout system and handling procedures turned out to be crucial and, if unnoticed, may be an important error source.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zeil
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD), Dresden 01314, Germany.
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39
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Siebold M, Loeser M, Schramm U, Koerner J, Wolf M, Hellwing M, Hein J, Ertel K. High-efficiency, room-temperature nanosecond Yb:YAG laser. Opt Express 2009; 17:19887-19893. [PMID: 19997211 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.019887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Yb(3+)-doped gain media offer favorable properties for diode-pumped laser amplifiers for high-energy ns-pulses. To reach high optical-to-optical conversion efficiencies at room temperature however, very high and often impractical fluences are required both for pumping and extraction. Low temperature operation offers a solution, but the required cryogenic cooling systems add considerable complexity, bulkiness and cost. Multi-passing both pump and extraction beams through the gain medium is an alternative approach to overcome efficiency limitations at room temperature. In this article we present numerical and experimental results to this effect.We demonstrated ns-pulse output from a diode-pumped Yb:YAG amplifier at an energy of 566 mJ and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 20%, which is almost a doubling of the efficiency achieved with ns-lasers employing Yb(3+)-doped gain media at this energy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Siebold
- Research Center Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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40
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van den Bussche H, Ernst A, Jahncke-Latteck Ä, Schramm U. Kooperation zwischen Hausärzten und Pflegediensten bei Demenzpatienten – Erste Ergebnisse der Interventionsstudie KOVERDEM. Gesundheitswesen 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1239123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kudyakov T, Jochmann A, Zeil K, Kraft S, Finken KH, Schramm U, Willi O. High energy electron crystal spectrometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:076106. [PMID: 19655991 DOI: 10.1063/1.3170508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A spectrometer has been developed to measure relativistic electrons produced in different types of plasmas, such as tokamak plasmas and laser produced plasmas. The spectrometer consists of nine Y2SiO5:Ce crystals, which are shielded by stainless steel filters. The absolute calibration of the spectrometer was performed at the superconducting electron linear accelerator Electron Linac for beams with high Brilliance and low Emittance. The spectrometer can provide information about energy distribution of electrons and their numbers for the energy range between 4 and 30 MeV. The spectrum is analyzed by means of the Monte Carlo three-dimensional GEANT4 code. An energy resolution of about 10% is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kudyakov
- Institut für Laser und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr.1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Schmid K, Veisz L, Tavella F, Benavides S, Tautz R, Herrmann D, Buck A, Hidding B, Marcinkevicius A, Schramm U, Geissler M, Meyer-Ter-Vehn J, Habs D, Krausz F. Few-cycle laser-driven electron acceleration. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:124801. [PMID: 19392288 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.124801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on an electron accelerator based on few-cycle (8 fs full width at half maximum) laser pulses, with only 40 mJ energy per pulse, which constitutes a previously unexplored parameter range in laser-driven electron acceleration. The produced electron spectra are monoenergetic in the tens-of-MeV range and virtually free of low-energy electrons with thermal spectrum. The electron beam has a typical divergence of 5-10 mrad. The accelerator is routinely operated at 10 Hz and constitutes a promising source for several applications. Scalability of the few-cycle driver in repetition rate and energy implies that the present work also represents a step towards user friendly laser-based accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schmid
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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44
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Osterhoff J, Popp A, Major Z, Marx B, Rowlands-Rees TP, Fuchs M, Geissler M, Hörlein R, Hidding B, Becker S, Peralta EA, Schramm U, Grüner F, Habs D, Krausz F, Hooker SM, Karsch S. Generation of stable, low-divergence electron beams by laser-wakefield acceleration in a steady-state-flow gas cell. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:085002. [PMID: 18764625 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.085002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Laser-driven, quasimonoenergetic electron beams of up to approximately 200 MeV in energy have been observed from steady-state-flow gas cells. These beams emitted within a low-divergence cone of 2.1+/-0.5 mrad FWHM display unprecedented shot-to-shot stability in energy (2.5% rms), pointing (1.4 mrad rms), and charge (16% rms) owing to a highly reproducible gas-density profile within the interaction volume. Laser-wakefield acceleration in gas cells of this type provides a simple and reliable source of relativistic electrons suitable for applications such as the production of extreme-ultraviolet undulator radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Osterhoff
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Schollmeier M, Becker S, Geissel M, Flippo KA, Blazević A, Gaillard SA, Gautier DC, Grüner F, Harres K, Kimmel M, Nürnberg F, Rambo P, Schramm U, Schreiber J, Schütrumpf J, Schwarz J, Tahir NA, Atherton B, Habs D, Hegelich BM, Roth M. Controlled transport and focusing of laser-accelerated protons with miniature magnetic devices. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:055004. [PMID: 18764401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.055004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This Letter demonstrates the transporting and focusing of laser-accelerated 14 MeV protons by permanent magnet miniature quadrupole lenses providing field gradients of up to 500 T/m. The approach is highly reproducible and predictable, leading to a focal spot of (286 x 173) microm full width at half maximum 50 cm behind the source. It decouples the relativistic laser-proton acceleration from the beam transport, paving the way to optimize both separately. The collimation and the subsequent energy selection obtained are perfectly applicable for upcoming high-energy, high-repetition rate laser systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schollmeier
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, Darmstadt, Germany
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46
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Hidding B, Pretzler G, Clever M, Brandl F, Zamponi F, Lübcke A, Kämpfer T, Uschmann I, Förster E, Schramm U, Sauerbrey R, Kroupp E, Veisz L, Schmid K, Benavides S, Karsch S. Novel method for characterizing relativistic electron beams in a harsh laser-plasma environment. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:083301. [PMID: 17764317 DOI: 10.1063/1.2775668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Particle pulses generated by laser-plasma interaction are characterized by ultrashort duration, high particle density, and sometimes a very strong accompanying electromagnetic pulse (EMP). Therefore, beam diagnostics different from those known from classical particle accelerators such as synchrotrons or linacs are required. Easy to use single-shot techniques are favored, which must be insensitive towards the EMP and associated stray light of all frequencies, taking into account the comparably low repetition rates and which, at the same time, allow for usage in very space-limited environments. Various measurement techniques are discussed here, and a space-saving method to determine several important properties of laser-generated electron bunches simultaneously is presented. The method is based on experimental results of electron-sensitive imaging plate stacks and combines these with Monte Carlo-type ray-tracing calculations, yielding a comprehensive picture of the properties of particle beams. The total charge, the energy spectrum, and the divergence can be derived simultaneously for a single bunch.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hidding
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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47
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Schindowski K, Peters J, Gorriz C, Schramm U, Weinandi T, Leutner S, Maurer K, Frölich L, Müller WE, Eckert A. Apoptosis of CD4+ T and Natural Killer Cells in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmacopsychiatry 2006; 39:220-8. [PMID: 17124644 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-954591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy appears to be a potent treatment against Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms underlying neural-immune interaction are still not known. METHODS Here, we determined cell death and distribution of lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in AD and aging, e.g. T (CD4+ CD3+, CD8+ CD3+), B (CD19+) and NK (CD16++CD56+) cells. RESULTS Increased apoptosis was found in CD4+ T and NK cells in AD, while in aging all subsets were affected. The expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 correlated with observed cell death in T-helper and B cells irrespective of dementia. The levels of Bcl2 in T-cells were significantly increased in mild AD. Apoptosis and Bcl2 levels were also elevated in the APP (751SL)xPS1 (M146L) transgenic mouse model. CONCLUSION The mechanisms triggering apoptosis and activation of lymphocytes in AD appear therefore to be different than those in immunosenescence and possibly bear an important biomarker to monitor immunotherapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schindowski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang-Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Schreiber J, Bell F, Grüner F, Schramm U, Geissler M, Schnürer M, Ter-Avetisyan S, Hegelich BM, Cobble J, Brambrink E, Fuchs J, Audebert P, Habs D. Analytical model for ion acceleration by high-intensity laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:045005. [PMID: 16907584 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a general expression for the maximum ion energy observed in experiments with thin foils irradiated by high-intensity laser pulses. The analytical model is based on a radially confined surface charge set up by laser accelerated electrons on the target rear side. The only input parameters are the properties of the laser pulse and the target thickness. The predicted maximum ion energy and the optimal laser pulse duration are supported by dedicated experiments for a broad range of different ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schreiber
- Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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Abstract
We report on the experimental realization of two- and three-dimensional crystalline ion beams in the rf quadrupole storage ring PALLAS (LMU, Munich). At a beam energy around 1 eV the phase transition to the Coulomb ordered state is identified by a sudden decrease of the spatial width and of the velocity spread of the beam. The focusing conditions required to attain crystalline beams up to structures of helices surrounding a string are systematically investigated and related to the situation in typical heavy ion storage rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schramm
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sektion Physik, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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Abstract
The direction of known staged process of regeneration of free muscle grafts was inverted in our experimental rat model from a centripetal to a centrifugal by central implantation of blood vessels into isolated free muscle grafts. The effects of innervation, reinnervation and exercise on muscle fiber regeneration were analyzed at various intervals from 4 to 90 days by morphological and morphometric methods. Reinnervation occurred as well in grafts with the motor nerve left intact as it did in grafts with a severed and reimplanted nerve. Reinnervation proved to be prerequisite for a lasting muscle regeneration. Denervated muscle grafts even after neovascularization underwent irreversible fibrosis. A positive effect of exercise on the early states (30 days) of muscle regeneration was revealed by morphometrical analysis. In the long term (90 days) fiber diameter assimilated in all groups. The animal model mimics a clinical situation of flap prefabrication demonstrating the relationship of functional tissue regeneration and neovascularization. It can be transferred into the acute clinical situation as well as in tissue engineering.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/innervation
- Muscle, Skeletal/transplantation
- Necrosis
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Regeneration/physiology
- Time Factors
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Noah
- Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany
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