1
|
Subramaniam R, Vijakumaran U, Shanmuganantha L, Law JX, Alias E, Ng MH. The Role and Mechanism of MicroRNA 21 in Osteogenesis: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11330. [PMID: 37511090 PMCID: PMC10379984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short, single-stranded ribonucleic acids expressed endogenously in the body to regulate gene expression at the post-translational level, with exogenous microRNA offering an attractive approach to therapy. Among the myriad microRNA candidates involved in controlling bone homeostasis and remodeling, microRNA 21 (miR21) is the most abundant. This paper discusses the studies conducted on the role and mechanism of human miR21 (hsa-miR21) in the regulation of bones and the various pathways mediated by miR21, and explores the feasibility of employing exogenous miR21 as a strategy for promoting osteogenesis. From the literature review, it was clear that miR21 plays a dual role in bone metabolism by regulating both bone formation and bone resorption. There is substantial evidence to date from both in vitro and in vivo studies that exogenous miR21 can successfully accelerate new bone synthesis in the context of bone loss due to injury or osteoporosis. This supports the exploration of applications of exogenous miR21 in bone regenerative therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Revatyambigai Subramaniam
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ubashini Vijakumaran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Lohashenpahan Shanmuganantha
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jia-Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ekram Alias
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Min-Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vijakumaran U, Goh NY, Razali RA, Abdullah NAH, Yazid MD, Sulaiman N. Role of Olive Bioactive Compounds in Respiratory Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1140. [PMID: 37371870 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases recently became the leading cause of death worldwide, due to the emergence of COVID-19. The pathogenesis of respiratory diseases is centred around inflammation and oxidative stress. Plant-based alongside synthetic drugs were considered as therapeutics due to their proven nutraceutical value. One such example is the olive, which is a traditional symbol of the MedDiet. Olive bioactive compounds are enriched with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antiviral properties. However, there are few studies relating to the beneficial effect of olive bioactive compounds on respiratory diseases. A vague understanding of its molecular action, dosage and bioavailability limits its usefulness for clinical trials about respiratory infections. Hence, our review aims to explore olive bioactive compound's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties in respiratory disease defence and treatment. Molecular insight into olive compounds' potential for respiratory system protection against inflammation and ensuing infection is also presented. Olive bioactive compounds mainly protect the respiratory system by subsiding proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ubashini Vijakumaran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Neng-Yao Goh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyah Razali
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Atiqah Haizum Abdullah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Razali RA, Vijakumaran U, Fauzi MB, Lokanathan Y. Maximizing Postoperative Recovery: The Role of Functional Biomaterials as Nasal Packs-A Comprehensive Systematic Review without Meta-Analysis (SWiM). Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051534. [PMID: 37242776 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous biomaterials have been developed over the years to enhance the outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. These products are specifically designed to prevent postoperative bleeding, optimize wound healing, and reduce inflammation. However, there is no singular material on the market that can be deemed the optimal material for the nasal pack. We systematically reviewed the available evidence to assess the functional biomaterial efficacy after ESS in prospective studies. The search was performed using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 31 articles were identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was used to assess each study's risk of bias. The studies were critically analyzed and categorized into types of biomaterial and functional properties, according to synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines. Despite the heterogeneity between studies, it was observed that chitosan, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, and starch-derived materials exhibit better endoscopic scores and significant potential for use in nasal packing. The published data support the idea that applying a nasal pack after ESS improves wound healing and patient-reported outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabiatul Adawiyah Razali
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ubashini Vijakumaran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vijakumaran U, Shanmugam J, Heng JW, Azman SS, Yazid MD, Haizum Abdullah NA, Sulaiman N. Effects of Hydroxytyrosol in Endothelial Functioning: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041861. [PMID: 36838850 PMCID: PMC9966213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologists have been emphasizing and applying plant and herbal-based treatments in vascular diseases for decades now. Olives, for example, are a traditional symbol of the Mediterranean diet. Hydroxytyrosol is an olive-derived compound known for its antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. Acknowledging the merit of antioxidants in maintaining endothelial function warrants the application of hydroxytyrosol in endothelial dysfunction salvage and recovery. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an impairment of endothelial cells that adversely affects vascular homeostasis. Disturbance in endothelial functioning is a known precursor for atherosclerosis and, subsequently, coronary and peripheral artery disease. However, the effects of hydroxytyrosol on endothelial functioning were not extensively studied, limiting its value either as a nutraceutical supplement or in clinical trials. The action of hydroxytyrosol in endothelial functioning at a cellular and molecular level is gathered and summarized in this review. The favorable effects of hydroxytyrosol in the improvement of endothelial functioning from in vitro and in vivo studies were scrutinized. We conclude that hydroxytyrosol is capable to counteract oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular aging, and arterial stiffness; thus, it is beneficial to preserve endothelial function both in vitro and in vivo. Although not specifically for endothelial dysfunction, hydroxytyrosol safety and efficacy had been demonstrated via in vivo and clinical trials for cardiovascular-related studies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Vijakumaran U, Nordin F, Abdul Hamid Z, Abdullah M, Gee JT. TAT Κappa (TATΚ): A Novel Cell Penetrating Peptide for Delivery of Pluripotent Proteins into Target Cells. SAINS MALAYS 2022. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2022-5102-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) holds a magnificent place in the medical revolution. Its emergence is expected to instigate development of novel therapies for regenerative medicine and treatment of malignant diseases. Moreover, iPSC usage also resolved a long-time ethical controversy on the usage of the embryo as a pluripotent stem cells source. Since Yamanaka’s iPSC discovery in 2006, several pieces of research have proven that the enforced expression of transcription factors Oct-3/4, KLF4, and Sox2 can induce the reprogramming of previously differentiated cells, to generate iPSC. However, the conventional method using viral vectors leads to genetic modification due to exogene integration and subsequently tumorigenicity, which is unsafe for clinical application. Therefore, our study utilised an improved novel protein transduction domain, trans-activator of transcription kappa (TAT), a synthetic TAT-HIV to deliver these transcription factors gene as an alternative method for iPSC generation via non-viral reprogramming. With this new strategy, we have established a stable clone of 293T cells expressing TATk fusion proteins (TATκ-GFP, TATκ-KLF4, TATκ-Sox2, and TATκ-Oct-3/4) that expresses and secretes their respective cloned reprogramming proteins. These stable clones successfully transduced our target cell (U937) monocyte cell line. TATκ-GFP, a marker protein and fusion proteins TATκ-KLF4, TATκ-Sox2, and TATκ-Oct-3/4 transduced the targeted (U937) monocyte cell line, proving that this novel TATκ possesses an ability to translocate across the cell membrane. Morphological changes were successfully observed in U937 cells after 20 days of transduction, however the presence of bonifide iPSC colonies were unable to be elicited. This might be due to the incomplete reprogramming or insufficient duration of protein transduction to generate iPSC cells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Masawa ME, Alshawsh MA, Ng CY, Ng AMH, Foo JB, Vijakumaran U, Subramaniam R, Ghani NAA, Witwer KW, Law JX. Efficacy and safety of small extracellular vesicle interventions in wound healing and skin regeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:6455-6508. [PMID: 36185607 PMCID: PMC9516230 DOI: 10.7150/thno.73436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
7
|
Vijakumaran U, Yazid MD, Hj Idrus RB, Abdul Rahman MR, Sulaiman N. Molecular Action of Hydroxytyrosol in Attenuation of Intimal Hyperplasia: A Scoping Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663266. [PMID: 34093194 PMCID: PMC8176091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a polyphenol of olive plant is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this systematic search is to highlight the scientific evidence evaluating molecular efficiency of HT in halting the progression of intimal hyperplasia (IH), which is a clinical condition arises from endothelial inflammation. Methods: A systematic search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, based on pre-set keywords which are Hydroxytyrosol OR 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol, AND Intimal hyperplasia OR Neointimal hyperplasia OR Endothelial OR Smooth muscles. Eighteen in vitro and three in vitro and in vivo studies were selected based on a pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on evidence gathered, HT was found to upregulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways and supresses inflammatory factors and mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, E-selectin, P-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in endothelial vascularization and functioning. Two studies revealed HT disrupted vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) cell cycle by dephosphorylating ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. Therefore, HT was proven to promote endothelization and inhibit vascular SMCs migration thus hampering IH development. However, none of these studies described the effect of HT collectively in both vascular endothelial cells (EC) and SMCs in IH ex vivo model. Conclusions: Evidence from this concise review provides an insight on HT regulation of molecular pathways in reendothelization and inhibition of VSMCs migration. Henceforth, we propose effect of HT on IH prevention could be further elucidated through in vivo and ex vivo model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ubashini Vijakumaran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ramzisham Abdul Rahman
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vijakumaran U, Nordin F, Hamid ZA, Abdullah M, Jun TG. Development of Cell Penetrating Peptides for Effective Delivery of Recombinant Factors into Target Cells. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 27:1092-1101. [PMID: 32484079 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200525164135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane is a protective layer that strictly controls the passage of molecules restricting the delivery of biomolecules such as drugs, oligonucleotides, peptides, and siRNA into the cells. This shortcoming has been overcome by the discovery of Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) that has undergone 30 years of evolution. To date, CPPs are largely modified to improve its efficacy and to suit the different delivery applications. The modes of CPPs penetration are still an unresolved mystery and requires further investigations to increase its effectiveness and to diversify its use. Despite having huge potential as a biomolecule carrier, CPPs also have some drawbacks. In this review, the natural and synthetic CPPs, the modifications that have been conducted on CPPs to improve its efficacy, its extended applications, modes of penetration and limitation as well as challenges will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ubashini Vijakumaran
- Tisuue Engineering Centre (TEC), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazlina Nordin
- Tisuue Engineering Centre (TEC), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zariyantey Abdul Hamid
- Biomedical Science Programme & Centre of Health & Applied Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tye Gee Jun
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Research (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abd Hamid Z, Nordin F, Raja Ahmad RN, Mat Rashid B, Vijakumaran U. Establishment of Stable and Secretable TATκ-GFP Recombinant Protein: A Preliminary Report of Promoter Methylation in 293T Cell Line. SAINS MALAYS 2018. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2018-4710-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|