Okonkwo ON, Hassan AO, Agweye CT, Victor U, Akanbi T. Clinical presentation and macular morphology in retinitis pigmentosa patients.
Ann Afr Med 2023;
22:451-455. [PMID:
38358145 PMCID:
PMC10775947 DOI:
10.4103/aam.aam_181_22]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive, frequently used imaging technology that enables detailed viewing of retina anatomy. It is used to monitor disease progression in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) eyes, including detecting changes in retinal thickness.
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to determine the clinical presentation and macular morphology in RP eyes using OCT imaging.
Methods
A retrospective review of case records and OCT scans in eyes diagnosed with RP in two ophthalmic clinics in Nigeria. Biodata, Snellen best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), and presence of maculopathy were determined. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA).
Results
Fifty-five eyes of 28 patients (18 males and 10 females), with a mean age of 47.16 ± 15.56 years (22-77 years), were studied. 40-49 years was the most frequent age group, 28.6%. Severe visual impairment occurred in 22% of eyes and myopia in 32%. Twenty-nine percent had undergone cataract surgery or had a significant cataract. The mean IOP was 11 mmHg, and the mean VCDR was 0.46. On OCT examination, macular atrophy was the most common finding in 74.5% of eyes, epiretinal membrane in 16.3%, cystoid macular edema in 7.3%, vitreomacular adhesion in 5.4%, and vitreomacular traction in 1.8%. There was no association between macular morphology, macular thickness, and BCVA (P = 0.155, P = 0.424).
Conclusion
OCT provides information on macula structure in RP eyes. About 14.5% of eyes had a normal macula, while 85.5% had a maculopathy, confirming that RP eyes have a higher rate of maculopathy than non RP eyes. OCT evaluation of an RP eye should be a standard workup for the early detection of such maculopathy and monitoring for disease progression.
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