Resveratrol improved kidney function and structure in malignantly hypertensive rats by restoration of antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide bioavailability

BACKGROUND

The main cause of death among patients with malignant hypertension is a kidney failure. The promising field in essential and malignant hypertension therapy could be centered on the amelioration of oxidative stress using antioxidant molecules like resveratrol. Resveratrol is a potent antioxidative agent naturally occurred in many plants that possess health-promoting properties.

METHODS

In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of resveratrol, a polyphenol with anti-oxidative activity, in N^G-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) - malignantly hypertensive rats (MHR).

RESULTS

Resveratrol significantly improves oxidative damages by modulation of antioxidant enzymes and suppression of prooxidant factors in the kidney tissue of MHR. Enhanced antioxidant defense in the kidney improves renal function and ameliorates the morphological changes in this target organ. Besides, protective properties of resveratrol are followed by the restoration of the nitrogen oxide (NO) pathway. 4) Conclusion: Antioxidant therapy with resveratrol could represent promising therapeutical approach in hypertension, especially malignant, against kidney damage.

Mucoadhesive buccal tablets with propranolol hydrochloride: Formulation development and in vivo performances in experimental essential hypertension

The objective of this study was to formulate extended-release mucoadhesive buccal tablets of propranolol hydrochloride in order to provide a prolonged absorption of propranolol hydrochloride from the buccal mucosa and to reduce presystemic metabolism and thus provide a better therapeutic effect. Besides, the aim was to perform comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic studies of the developed extended-release (ER) propranolol hydrochloride 10 mg mucoadhesive buccal tablets and commercial immediate-release (IR) propranolol hydrochloride 10 mg tablets in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Formulation with 15% polyethylene oxide showed the highest degree of propranolol hydrochloride permeation, satisfactory mucoadhesiveness, and extended-release of propranolol hydrochloride, thus it was selected for further in vivo study. The pharmacokinetic study in rats showed the superiority of ER mucoadhesive buccal tablets over IR tablets in terms of propranolol hydrochloride absorption extent (AUC values: 70.32 ± 19.56 versus 31.69 ± 6.97 µg·h/mL), although lower maximum plasma propranolol hydrochloride concentration (C_max) was achieved. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in C_max between these treatments. The hemodynamic study showed that ER mucoadhesive buccal tablets provide a more pronounced decrease primarily in heart rate, but also in systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, as well as a longer heart rate reduction compared to IR tablets.