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Licciardi PV, Toh ZQ, Clutterbuck EA, Balloch A, Marimla RA, Tikkanen L, Lamb KE, Bright KJ, Rabuatoka U, Tikoduadua L, Boelsen LK, Dunne EM, Satzke C, Cheung YB, Pollard AJ, Russell FM, Mulholland EK. No long-term evidence of hyporesponsiveness after use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children previously immunized with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1772-1779.e11. [PMID: 26825000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A randomized controlled trial in Fiji examined the immunogenicity and effect on nasopharyngeal carriage after 0, 1, 2, or 3 doses of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7; Prevnar) in infancy followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV; Pneumovax) at 12 months of age. At 18 months of age, children given 23vPPV exhibited immune hyporesponsiveness to a micro-23vPPV (20%) challenge dose in terms of serotype-specific IgG and opsonophagocytosis, while 23vPPV had no effect on vaccine-type carriage. OBJECTIVE This follow-up study examined the long-term effect of the 12-month 23vPPV dose by evaluating the immune response to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) administration 4 to 5 years later. METHODS Blood samples from 194 children (now 5-7 years old) were taken before and 28 days after PCV13 booster immunization. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken before PCV13 immunization. We measured levels of serotype-specific IgG to all 13 vaccine serotypes, opsonophagocytosis for 8 vaccine serotypes, and memory B-cell responses for 18 serotypes before and after PCV13 immunization. RESULTS Paired samples were obtained from 185 children. There were no significant differences in the serotype-specific IgG, opsonophagocytosis, or memory B-cell response at either time point between children who did or did not receive 23vPPV at 12 months of age. Nasopharyngeal carriage of PCV7 and 23vPPV serotypes was similar among the groups. Priming with 1, 2, or 3 PCV7 doses during infancy did not affect serotype-specific immunity or carriage. CONCLUSION Immune hyporesponsiveness induced by 23vPPV in toddlers does not appear to be sustained among preschool children in this context and does not affect the pneumococcal carriage rate in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Licciardi
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Clutterbuck
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Balloch
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel A Marimla
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leena Tikkanen
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen E Lamb
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn J Bright
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Uraia Rabuatoka
- Mataika House, National Centre for Communicable Disease Research, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Laura K Boelsen
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Eileen M Dunne
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Department of International Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Russell
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Centre for International Child Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edward K Mulholland
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Tsukakoshi T, Samuela J, Rafai EV, Rabuatoka U, Honda S, Kamiya Y, Buerano CC, Morita K. Hepatitis B serologic survey and review of immunization records of children, adolescents and adults in Fiji, 2008-2009. Virol J 2015; 12:36. [PMID: 25890269 PMCID: PMC4415218 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Fiji, hepatitis B (HB) vaccine was introduced into childhood immunization program in 1989 and has been administered as a pentavalent since 2006. This study aimed to: (i) survey and examine the extent to which HB infection continue to occur in children, adolescents and adults in Fiji, and (ii) determine HB coverage rates and timeliness of vaccine administration to children. Methods Serum samples of children, adolescents and adults (aged 6 months to <5 years, 16–20 years, and 21–49 years, respectively) collected between 2008–2009 were tested for serologic markers of HB virus infection namely, HB surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBs and anti-HB core antigen (anti-HBc). Health record card of each child was reviewed. Results None of the participating children (0/432) was positive for HBsAg. Overall prevalence of HBsAg among adolescents and adults was 5.6% (7/124) and 3.2% (12/370), respectively. High prevalence (98.1%) of anti-HBs was observed in children. An estimated 17.4% of adolescents and adults had evidence of past HBV infection (anti-HBc positive), of which 87.2% recovered from infection but the remaining 12.8% developed chronic infection. Percentage of children who completed at least 3 doses of HB immunization was 99.3%, and who received them on schedule was 58.5%. Conclusion Although sample populations for this study is less robust compared to 1998, the prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc in children and adults before and after the implementation of the immunization program is much lower. The findings are a positive step in showing that Fiji’s HB vaccine control program is achieving its objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Tsukakoshi
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, 852-8523, Japan.
| | | | - Eric V Rafai
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji.
| | - Uraia Rabuatoka
- Public Health Laboratory, Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji.
| | - Sumihisa Honda
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Kamiya
- Graduate School of International Health Development, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Corazon C Buerano
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, 852-8523, Japan.
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