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Eslava D, Martínez-Vispo C, Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Errasti JM, Al-Halabí S. Dual alcohol and cannabis use in male and female adolescents: Relationships with family variables. Addict Behav 2023; 146:107798. [PMID: 37406404 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Family dynamics influence adolescents' use of alcohol and other substances, such as cannabis. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between family variables and alcohol use, dual use of alcohol and cannabis, and non-use in adolescents according to sex. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample comprised 879 adolescents (56.4 % boys; M(SD)age = 14.25 (1.88) years). Multinomial regression analysis showed that for boys, the presence of family conflict increased the likelihood of being an alcohol (OR = 1.19) and dual (OR = 1.23) user rather than a non-user. For girls, communication reduced the probability of being an alcohol user (OR = 0.88), and the presence of consequences for breaking rules reduced the probability of being a dual user rather than a non-user (OR = 0.83) or an alcohol user (OR = 0.84). These findings highlight the importance of family prevention of adolescents' substance use, bearing in mind the participants' sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Eslava
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza de Feijoo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmela Martínez-Vispo
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Calle Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Errasti
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza de Feijoo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Al-Halabí
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza de Feijoo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
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Medina-Martínez J, Aliño M, Vázquez-Martínez A, Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Cano-López I. Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Drug Use in Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review. J Psychoactive Drugs 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37341709 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2227173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals are exposed to stressful situations that may favor substance use vulnerability. This systematic review aims to synthesize the risk and protective factors associated with use, abuse, and dependence of alcohol, tobacco, psychoactive drugs, and cannabis in healthcare professionals. Following PRISMA recommendations, a systematic search was performed in PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. The search yielded 1523 studies, of which 19 were selected. The identified risk factors were demographic factors (i.e. male gender, and single/divorced marital status), psychopathological factors, social factors, positive attitudes toward drugs, unhealthy lifestyle habits, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the coexistence of the use of several substances. The protective factors were demographic factors (i.e. ethnicity and having dependent children), healthy lifestyle habits, and workplace anti-drug policies (i.e. restriction of tobacco use). These findings highlight the need for preventive actions against drug use in healthcare professionals to improve their health and reduce the possible negative impact on their healthcare practice. Knowledge of modifiable risk and protective factors allows their incorporation as components in preventive actions, and non-modifiable factors (e.g. demographic variables) may contribute to the detection of groups of greater vulnerability to propose selective prevention actions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Aliño
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group in Psychology and Quality of Life (PsiCal)/VIU-NED Chair of Global Neuroscience and Social Change, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Vázquez-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group in Health and Psycho-Social Adjustment (GI-SAPS), Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor José Villanueva-Blasco
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group in Health and Psycho-Social Adjustment (GI-SAPS), Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Cano-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group in Psychology and Quality of Life (PsiCal)/VIU-NED Chair of Global Neuroscience and Social Change, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
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Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Villanueva-Silvestre V, Vázquez-Martínez A, Andreu-Fernández V, Isorna Folgar M. Correction to: Cannabis Use in Young and Adult University Students Before and During the COVID-19 Lockdown, According to Gender and Age. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1. [PMID: 37363759 PMCID: PMC10064940 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00991-y.].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Vázquez-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, C/ Pintor Sorolla, 21, Valencia, 46002 Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, C/ Pintor Sorolla, 21, Valencia, 46002 Spain
| | - Manuel Isorna Folgar
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, Campus As Lagoas, University of Vigo, Ourense, 32004 Spain
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Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Villanueva-Silvestre V, Vázquez-Martínez A, Andreu-Fernández V, Folgar MI. Cannabis Use in Young and Adult University Students Before and During the COVID-19 Lockdown, According to Gender and Age. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36573251 PMCID: PMC9774078 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives were: (a) to establish cannabis use prevalence in university students; (b) to determine the changes in consumption of cannabis between prior to and during lockdown. Problematic consumption, gender, and age were taken into account to establish risk groups. Of 1,472 participants between 18-54 years (M = 27.51), 8.01% reported using cannabis before and/or during lockdown (56.6% male). The Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) was used to detect cannabis abuse. The main form of consumption was spliffs (89.9%). The mean of spliffs consumed per day decreased during lockdown, but was only significant in male and in the 18-24 group. This decrease was also significant for all three levels of CAST problematic use. Users with moderate addiction and dependence reduced their average number of spliffs consumed per day during lockdown to a greater extent than those without addiction. These findings establish target groups of prevention interventions in the university.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor José Villanueva-Blasco
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, C/ Pintor Sorolla, 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud y Ajuste Psico-Social (GI-SAPS), Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Villanueva-Silvestre
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, C/ Pintor Sorolla, 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud y Ajuste Psico-Social (GI-SAPS), Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Vázquez-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, C/ Pintor Sorolla, 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud y Ajuste Psico-Social (GI-SAPS), Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, C/ Pintor Sorolla, 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Isorna Folgar
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, Campus As Lagoas, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Venero Hidalgo L, Vázquez-Martínez A, Aliño M, Cano-López I, Villanueva-Blasco VJ. [Effects of cannabis use on attention and memory in adolescent population: a systematic review.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2022; 96:e202210082. [PMID: 36300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cannabis is an illegal drug whose use has increased in recent years, especially among adolescents. Despite its popularity, its use and abuse brings with it health consequences, being greater if consumption occurs in the adolescent stage, since the brain is in full development. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effects of cannabis use on cognitive functions of attention and memory in adolescent population. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was carried out in the main search portals (Pubmed, Web of Science, SciELO, Cochrane) referring to the last 10 years, following the PRISMA criteria. The systematic search strategy was carried out in the period from March to May 2021, applying the PICO method and the PEDro scale to guarantee the methodological quality of the included studies. RESULTS Both attention and memory are affected by cannabis use; however, memory functions improve with abstinence, not being so for attention. Memory deficits are an indicator of therapeutic abandonment of addiction treatment. In relation to psychosocial interventions aimed at improving memory, the contingency management, educational interventions and motivational interviewing have not been shown to be effective on the effects of substances. Working memory training offers positive results, although not clinically significant. Finally, memory deficits are an indicator of therapeutic abandonment of pharmacological treatment for cannabis addiction. Therefore, research is needed aimed both at reducing the side effects of drugs on memory processes and at establishing to what extent memory deficits associated with cannabis use can facilitate therapeutic abandonment. CONCLUSIONS More research is necessary, considering the dual consumption of cannabis-tobacco and the effects that both substances may have jointly and separately on attention and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Venero Hidalgo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia. Valencia. España
| | - Andrea Vázquez-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia. Valencia. España
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud y Ajuste Psico-Social (GI-SAPS), Universidad Internacional de Valencia. Valencia. España
| | - Marta Aliño
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia. Valencia. España
- Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal), Universidad Internacional de Valencia. Valencia. España
- Cátedra VIU-NED de Neurociencia Global y Cambio Social, Universidad Internacional de Valencia. Valencia. España
| | - Irene Cano-López
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia. Valencia. España
- Grupo de Investigación en Psicología y Calidad de Vida (PsiCal), Universidad Internacional de Valencia. Valencia. España
- Cátedra VIU-NED de Neurociencia Global y Cambio Social, Universidad Internacional de Valencia. Valencia. España
| | - Víctor José Villanueva-Blasco
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia. Valencia. España
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud y Ajuste Psico-Social (GI-SAPS), Universidad Internacional de Valencia. Valencia. España
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Isorna Folgar M, Burillo-Putze G, José Villanueva-Blasco V. Captura corporativa, fake news procannabis y posición de los consumidores ante su regulación. Glob Health Promot 2022; 30:95-104. [PMID: 35897158 DOI: 10.1177/17579759221107604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RESUMEN Introducción. La captura corporativa es el proceso en el que las decisiones políticas responden a un interés particular de carácter privado, en detrimento del interés público. La industria del cannabis ha desarrollado estrategias de captura de políticas y de difusión de fake news (noticias falsas) con el objeto de fomentar una visión del cannabis como sustancia inocua e, incluso, sanadora de enfermedades, promoviendo así una buena imagen de esta sustancia, de las corporaciones y consumidores, presionando para su legalización. OBJETIVOS (1) Analizar las estrategias de difusión de mensajes y fake news promotoras del cultivo, consumo y regulación del cannabis a través de distintos canales, y (2) explorar el posicionamiento frente al debate legislativo sobre esta sustancia en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios consumidores de cannabis. Metodología. (1) Estudio de carácter exploratorio para identificar y analizar las estrategias de la industria y, (2) estudio no probabilístico con muestreo por conveniencia mediante encuesta telemática difundida entre estudiantes de 11 universidades españolas (439 participantes). Resultados y conclusiones. La promoción del cultivo y del consumo de cannabis, relativizando sus efectos perjudiciales y presentándolo como una sustancia medicinal, aparece en las distintas estrategias utilizadas por la industria para difundir una imagen positiva del cannabis y de los consumidores. Estos mensajes tienen correspondencia con el posicionamiento de los consumidores, de los que el 82.6 % apoya alguna forma de regulación del cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Isorna Folgar
- Facultad de Educación y Trabajo Social, Campus As Lagoas, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, España
| | - Guillermo Burillo-Putze
- Área de Toxicología Clínica, Servicio de Urgencias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, España
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