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Fisher SP, Tomich AW, Lovera SO, Kleinsasser JF, Guo J, Asay MJ, Nelson HM, Lavallo V. Nonclassical Applications of closo-Carborane Anions: From Main Group Chemistry and Catalysis to Energy Storage. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8262-8290. [PMID: 30707011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Classically closo-carborane anions, particularly [HCB11H11]- and [HCB9H9]-, and their derivatives have primarily been used as weakly coordinating anions to isolate reactive intermediates, platforms for stoichiometric and catalytic functionalization, counteranions for simple Lewis acid catalysis, and components of materials like liquid crystals. The aim of this article is to educate the reader on the contemporary nonclassical applications of these anions. Specifically, this review will cover new directions in main group catalysis utilized to achieve some of the most challenging catalytic reactions such as C-F, C-H, and C-C functionalizations that are difficult or impossible to realize with transition metals. In addition, the review will cover the utilization of the clusters as dianionic C σ-bound ligands for coordination chemistry, ligand substituents for coordination chemistry and advanced catalyst design, and covalently bound spectator substituents to stabilize radicals. Furthermore, their applications as solution-based and solid-state electrolytes for Li, Na, and Mg batteries will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Fisher
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - A W Tomich
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - S O Lovera
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - J F Kleinsasser
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - J Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - M J Asay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - H M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - V Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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