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Masembe C, Adedeji AJ, Jambol AR, Weka R, Muwanika V, Luka PD. Diversity and emergence of new variants of African swine fever virus Genotype I circulating in domestic pigs in Nigeria (2016-2018). Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:819-828. [PMID: 36377750 PMCID: PMC10152979 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever (ASF) is the most lethal disease of pigs caused by ASF virus (ASFV) with severe economic implications and threat to the swine industry in endemic countries. Between 2016 and 2018, several ASF outbreaks were reported throughout pig producing states in Nigeria. OBJECTIVES Thereafter, this study was designed to identify the ASFV genotypes responsible for these outbreaks within the study period (2016-2018). METHODS Twenty-two ASFV-positive samples by polymerase chain reaction were selected. The samples were collected during passive surveillance in eight states of Nigeria were characterised using 3 partial genes sequences of the virus namely, p72 capsid protein of the B646L, p54 envelope protein of E183L and the central variable region (CVR) within B602L of ASFV. RESULTS Phylogenetic and sequences analysis based on p72 and p54 revealed ASFV genotype I as the circulating virus. Sequence analysis of the CVR of B602L revealed genetic variations with six ASFV tandem repeat sequence (TRS) variants namely, Tet-15, Tet-20a, Tet-21b, Tet-27, Tet-31 and Tet-34, thus increasing the overall genetic diversity of ASFV in Nigeria. Three of the TRS variants, Tet-21b, Tet-31 and Tet-34, were identified for the first time in Nigeria. The new TRS variants of ASFV genotype I were identified in Enugu, Imo, Plateau and Taraba states, while co-circulation of multiple variants of ASFV genotype I was recorded in Plateau and Benue states. CONCLUSIONS The high genetic diversity, emergence and increasing recovery of new variants of genotype I in Nigeria should be a concern given that ASFV is a relatively stable DNA virus. The epidemiological implications of these findings require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Masembe
- College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A J Adedeji
- College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - A R Jambol
- College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - R Weka
- Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - V Muwanika
- College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P D Luka
- Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
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Noce A, Amills M, Manunza A, Muwanika V, Muhangi D, Aliro T, Mayega J, Ademun R, Sànchez A, Egbhalsaied S, Mercadé A, Masembe C. East African pigs have a complex Indian, Far Eastern and Western ancestry. Anim Genet 2015; 46:433-6. [PMID: 26011180 DOI: 10.1111/age.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have characterized the mitochondrial diversity of 81 swine from Uganda. Median-joining network analysis of D-loop sequences from these individuals and others characterized in previous studies allowed us to determine that Ugandan pigs cluster with populations from the West (Europe/North Africa), Far East and India. In addition, partial sequencing of the Y-chromosome UTY locus in 18 Ugandan domestic pigs revealed the segregation of a single HY1 lineage that has a cosmopolitan distribution. A Western and Far Eastern ancestry for East African pigs had been already reported, but this is the first study demonstrating an additional contribution from the Indian porcine gene pool. This result is consistent with the high frequency of zebuine alleles in cattle from East Africa. The geographic coordinates of East Africa, at the crossroads of many trading routes that, through the ages, linked Europe, Africa and Asia, might explain the rich and complex genetic heritage of livestock native to this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Noce
- Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - M Amills
- Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - A Manunza
- Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - V Muwanika
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda
| | - D Muhangi
- Department of Wildlife and Aquatic Resources, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - T Aliro
- Directorate of Production and Marketing, Gulu District Local Government, P. O. Box 2, Gulu, Uganda
| | - J Mayega
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda
| | - R Ademun
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P. O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - A Sànchez
- Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - S Egbhalsaied
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Mercadé
- Departament de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - C Masembe
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of BioSciences, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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