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Truckenmüller R, Giselbrecht S, van Blitterswijk C, Dambrowsky N, Gottwald E, Mappes T, Rolletschek A, Saile V, Trautmann C, Weibezahn KF, Welle A. Flexible fluidic microchips based on thermoformed and locally modified thin polymer films. Lab Chip 2008; 8:1570-1579. [PMID: 18818815 DOI: 10.1039/b803619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a fundamentally new approach for the manufacturing and the possible applications of lab on a chip devices, mainly in the form of disposable fluidic microchips for life sciences applications. The new technology approach is based on a novel microscale thermoforming of thin polymer films as core process. The flexibility not only of the semi-finished but partly also of the finished products in the form of film chips could enable future reel to reel processes in production but also in application. The central so-called 'microthermoforming' process can be surrounded by pairs of associated pre- and postprocesses for micro- and nanopatterned surface and bulk modification or functionalisation of the formed films. This new approach of microscale thermoforming of thin polymer film substrates overlaid with a split local modification of the films is called 'SMART', which stands for 'substrate modification and replication by thermoforming'. In the process, still on the unformed, plane film, the material modifications of the preprocess define the locations where later, then on the spatially formed film, the postprocess generates the final local modifications. So, one can obtain highly resolved modification patterns also on hardly accessible side walls and even behind undercuts. As a first application of the new technology, we present a flexible chip-sized scaffold for three dimensional cell cultivation in the form of a microcontainer array. The spatially warped container walls have been provided with micropores, cell adhesion micropatterns and thin film microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Truckenmüller
- University of Twente, Institute for Biomedical Technology, Tissue Regeneration Group, Drienerlolaan 5, NL-7522, NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Morikawa E, Saile V, Okudaira KK, Azuma Y, Meguro K, Harada Y, Seki K, Hasegawa S, Ueno N. Pendant group orientation of poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) thin film surface studied by near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS). J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Khan Malek C, Saile V, Manohara H, Craft B. Deep X-ray lithography with a tunable wavelength shifter at CAMD. J Synchrotron Radiat 1998; 5:1095-1098. [PMID: 15263757 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049597019547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/1997] [Accepted: 12/12/1997] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An additional X-ray lithography facility is under construction at the Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices. It will receive radiation from a 7.5 T superconducting three-pole wavelength shifter. The critical energy of the insertion device is tunable up to a maximum value of 11.2 keV, allowing for optimization of photon spectra to resist thickness. In particular, this hard X-ray source will allow investigation of X-ray lithography at very high energies for devices with thicknesses in excess of 1 mm, and study of low-cost mass-production concepts, using simultaneously exposed stacks of resist layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Khan Malek
- Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, 3990 West Lakeshore Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Azuma Y, Hasebe T, Miyamae T, Okudaira KK, Harada Y, Seki K, Morikawa E, Saile V, Ueno N. Angle-resolved UV photoelectron spectra (UPS) of thin films of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride on MoS(2). J Synchrotron Radiat 1998; 5:1044-1046. [PMID: 15263739 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049597016877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/1997] [Accepted: 11/14/1997] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved UV photoelectron spectra (ARUPS) were measured for thin films of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) deposited on cleaved MoS(2) surfaces. The take-off angle (theta) dependence of the photoelectron intensity of the highest pi band showed a sharp maximum at theta = 32-34 degrees. A spectral feature of the binding energy at approximately 8.9 eV, which is believed to originate from a pi state, showed a remarkably different theta dependence from that of the pi band. A quantitative analysis of the observed theta dependencies clearly indicates that (a) the feature at approximately 8.9 eV originates from the oxygen 2p non-bonding states and (b) the molecules lie flat on the substrate surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Azuma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Borovikov VM, Craft B, Fedurin MG, Jurba V, Khlestov V, Kulipanov GN, Li O, Mezentsev NA, Saile V, Shkaruba VA. Superconducting 7 T wiggler for LSU CAMD. J Synchrotron Radiat 1998; 5:440-442. [PMID: 15263538 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049597018232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/1997] [Accepted: 11/28/1997] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A superconducting 7 T wiggler is under fabrication in a collaboration between Budker INP and LSU CAMD. The wiggler magnet has been successfully tested inside a bath cryostat and a maximum field of 7.2 T was achieved after six quenches. The main parameters of the wiggler and the method of the wiggler installation onto the storage ring are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Borovikov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Rüter HH, Seggern H, Reininger R, Saile V. Creation of photostimulable centers in BaFBr:Eu2+ single crystals by vacuum ultraviolet radiation. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 65:2438-2441. [PMID: 10042548 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Morikawa E, Reininger R, Gürtler P, Saile V, Laporte P. Argon, krypton, and xenon excimer luminescence: From the dilute gas to the condensed phase. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Morikawa E, Köhler AM, Reininger R, Saile V, Laporte P. Medium effects on valence and low‐n Rydberg states: NO in argon and krypton. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.455024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gädeke W, Koch E, Dräger G, Frahm R, Saile V. Electronic structure and local geometry of Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O single crystals investigated by polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(88)85087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Köhler AM, Saile V, Reininger R, Findley GL. Sudden and adiabatic polarization effects in doped rare gases. Phys Rev Lett 1988; 60:2727-2730. [PMID: 10038436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.60.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Saile V, Reininger R, Laporte P, Steinberger IT, Findley GL. Quantum-defect method and valence excitons in rare-gas solids. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 37:10901-10904. [PMID: 9944552 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Laporte P, Subtil JL, Reininger R, Saile V, Bernstorff S, Steinberger IT. Evolution of intermediate excitons in fluid argon and krypton. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 35:6270-6280. [PMID: 9940859 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.6270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Köhler AM, Reininger R, Saile V, Findley GL. Density effects on high-n molecular Rydberg states: CH3I in He, Ne, Ar, and Kr. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1987; 35:79-86. [PMID: 9897931 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.35.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Köhler AM, Reininger R, Saile V, Findley GL. Density effects on high-n molecular Rydberg states: CH3I in argon. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1986; 33:771-773. [PMID: 9896681 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.33.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Reininger R, Saile V, Laporte P. Photoionization yield spectra below the atomic ionization limit in xenon. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 54:1146-1149. [PMID: 10030943 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.54.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Feldmann C, Engelhardt R, Fermien T, Koch EE, Saile V. An optimized beam line and experimental station for angle resolved photoemission between 5 eV≤hv≤50 eV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(83)91221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rieger D, Schnell R, Steinmann W, Saile V. A display-type analyzer with an image-processing system for angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(83)91220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Skibowski M, Sprussei G, Saile V. Fine structure and temperature dependence of shallow core excitons in insulators and semiconductors. Appl Opt 1980; 19:3978-3986. [PMID: 20234725 DOI: 10.1364/ao.19.003978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The excitonic spectra associated with the shallow core levels K(+)3p, Ga3d, and In4d in potassium halide and III-V semiconductor single crystals were studied by high resolution reflectivity (DeltaE < 10 meV) as a function of temperature down to 20 K. Analysis of the fine structure, transition energies, line profiles, halfwidths, and their temperature dependence yields information on the exciton (electron)-phonon interaction and on the influence of lattice expansion. Strong electron-phonon coupling dominates in the K(+)3p excitons as it does in F centers, whereas weak coupling describes the core excitons in semiconductors. The contributions of initial and final states are discussed. Core surface excitons in semiconductors show a significantly smaller temperature coefficient than the volume excitons.
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Abstract
Excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and line shapes for valence excitons in rare gas solids are presented and discussed in the light of recent theoretical approaches. In a second section, first results are reported for solid Kr obtained in a two-photon photoemission experiment combining synchrotron radiation and a laser.
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B�uerle D, Braun W, Saile V, Spr�ssel G, Koch EE. Vacuum ultraviolet reflectivity and band structure of SrTiO3 and BaTiO3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01321179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Peatman WB, Gotchev B, Gürtler P, Koch EE, Saile V. Transition probabilities at threshold for the photoionization of molecular nitrogen. J Chem Phys 1978. [DOI: 10.1063/1.436808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Saile V, Gurtler P, Koch EE, Kozevnikov A, Skibowski M, Steinmann W. High resolution monochromator for the VUV radiation from the DORIS storage ring. Appl Opt 1976; 15:2559-2564. [PMID: 20165435 DOI: 10.1364/ao.15.002559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of the DORIS storage ring at DESY as a synchrotron radiation source are exploited for high resolution spectroscopy in the vacuum ultraviolet. We describe a new experimental set up with a 3-m normal incidence monochromator for wavelengths between 3000 A and 300 A (4 </= ?w </= 40 eV) using a vertical dispersion plane. The storage ring provides a light flux intense and stable enough for rapid photoelectrical scanning of the spectra with a resolution of 0.03 A in first order.
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