1
|
Schánilec V, Brunn O, Horáček M, Krátký S, Meluzín P, Šikola T, Canals B, Rougemaille N. Approaching the Topological Low-Energy Physics of the F Model in a Two-Dimensional Magnetic Lattice. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:027202. [PMID: 35867462 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.027202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the physics of the F model can be approached very closely in a two-dimensional artificial magnetic system. Faraday lines spanning across the lattice and carrying a net polarization, together with chiral Faraday loops characterized by a zero magnetic susceptibility, are imaged in real space using magnetic force microscopy. Our measurements reveal the proliferation of Faraday lines and Faraday loops as the system is brought from low- to high-energy magnetic configurations. They also reveal a link between the Faraday loop density and icelike spin-spin correlations in the magnetic structure factor. Key for this Letter, the density of topological defects remains small, on the order of 1% or less, and negligible compared to the density of Faraday loops. This is made possible by replacing the spin degree of freedom used in conventional lattices of interacting nanomagnets by a micromagnetic knob, which can be finely tuned to adjust the vertex energy directly, rather than modifying the two-body interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Schánilec
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NEEL, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - O Brunn
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NEEL, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Horáček
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Krátký
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Meluzín
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Šikola
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B Canals
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NEEL, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - N Rougemaille
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NEEL, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schánilec V, Canals B, Uhlíř V, Flajšman L, Sadílek J, Šikola T, Rougemaille N. Bypassing Dynamical Freezing in Artificial Kagome Ice. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:057203. [PMID: 32794868 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.057203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin liquids are correlated, disordered states of matter that fluctuate even at low temperatures. Experimentally, the extensive degeneracy characterizing their low-energy manifold is expected to be lifted, for example, because of dipolar interactions, leading to an ordered ground state at absolute zero. However, this is not what is usually observed, and many systems, whether they are chemically synthesized or nanofabricated, dynamically freeze before magnetic ordering sets in. In artificial realizations of highly frustrated magnets, ground state configurations, and even low-energy manifolds, thus remain out of reach for practical reasons. Here, we show how dynamical freezing can be bypassed in an artificial kagome ice. We illustrate the efficiency of our method by demonstrating that the a priori dynamically inaccessible ordered ground state and fragmented spin liquid configurations can be obtained reproducibly, imaged in real space at room temperature, and studied conveniently. We then identify the mechanism by which dynamical freezing occurs in the dipolar kagome ice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Schánilec
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NEEL, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - B Canals
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NEEL, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - V Uhlíř
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - L Flajšman
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Sadílek
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - T Šikola
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, Brno, 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - N Rougemaille
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NEEL, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Menteş TO, Genuzio F, Schánilec V, Sadílek J, Rougemaille N, Locatelli A. Coherent x-ray scattering in an XPEEM setup. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 216:113035. [PMID: 32544784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, one of the most successful imaging tools at synchrotrons, is known to have limitations related to the application of external fields and to the short electron mean free path. In order to overcome such issues, we adapt an existing XPEEM instrument to simultaneously perform coherent x-ray scattering measurements in reflectivity mode, thus adding a complementary method to XPEEM. Photon-in photon-out x-ray scattering provides the sensitivity to buried interfaces as well as the possibility to work under external fields, which is challenging when using charged particles for imaging. XPEEM, in turn, greatly alleviates the difficulties associated with the reconstruction methods used in coherent diffraction imaging. The combination of the two methods is demonstrated for an artifical spin-ice lattice showing both chemical and magnetic contrast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T O Menteş
- Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza-Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - F Genuzio
- Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza-Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - V Schánilec
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NÉEL, Grenoble 38000, France; Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Sadílek
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - N Rougemaille
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NÉEL, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - A Locatelli
- Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza-Trieste 34149, Italy
| |
Collapse
|